1. Guarino A, Albano F, Ashkenazi S et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 46 (Suppl. 2): 81–122.
2. Casburn-Jones AC, Farthing MJG. Management of infectious diarrhea. Gut 2004; 53 (2): 296–305.
3. Hatchette TF, Farina D. Infectious diarrhea: when to test and when to treat. CMAJ 2011; 183: 339–44.
4. Горелов А.В., Милютина Л.Н., Усенко Д.В. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению острых кишечных инфекций у детей. Пособие для врачей. М., 2006. / Gorelov A.V., Miliutina L.N., Usenko D.V. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu ostrykh kishechnykh infektsii u detei. Posobie dlia vrachei. M., 2006. [in Russian]
5. Guarino A, Ashkenazi Sh, Gendrel D et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe: Update 2014. JPGN 2014; 59 (1): 132–52.
6. Грекова А.И., Жаркова Л.П. Выбор антибактериальной терапии острых кишечных инфекций у детей (результаты многоцентрового аналитического исследования). Педиатр. фармакология. 2007; 4 (3): 16–9. / Grekova A.I., Zharkova L.P. Vybor antibakterial'noi terapii ostrykh kishechnykh infektsii u detei (rezul'taty mnogotsentrovogo analiticheskogo issledovaniia). Pediatr. farmakologiia. 2007; 4 (3): 16–9. [in Russian]
7. American Academy of Pediatrics. In: L.K.Pickering. Ed. Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 26th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
8. Bielaszewska M, Idelevich EA, Zhang W et al. Effects of antibiotics on Shiga toxin 2 production and bacteriophage induction by epidemic Escherichia coli O104:H4 strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56 (6): 3277–82.
9. Тец В.В. Микроорганизмы и антибиотики. Сепсис. СПб.: Эскулап, 2003. / Tets V.V. Mikroorganizmy i antibiotiki. Sepsis. SPb.: Eskulap, 2003. [in Russian]
10. Захаренко С.М. Терапия кишечных инфекций в России: Рациональная или эмпирическая? Журн. инфектологии. 2011; 3 (2): 81–96. / Zakharenko S.M. Terapiia kishechnykh infektsii v Rossii: Ratsional'naia ili empiricheskaia? Zhurn. infektologii. 2011; 3 (2): 81–96. [in Russian]
11. Милютина Л.Н., Гурьева О.В., Голубев А.О. и др. Актуальные проблемы и тенденции эволюции современных сальмонеллезов у детей. Эпидемиология и инфекц. болезни. 2011; 1: 43–8. / Miliutina L.N., Gur'eva O.V., Golubev A.O. i dr. Aktual'nye problemy i tendentsii evoliutsii sovremennykh sal'monellezov u detei. Epidemiologiia i infects. bolezni. 2011; 1: 43–8. [in Russian]
12. Плоскирева А.А., Горелов А.В., Усенко Д.В. и др. Эффективность этиотропной терапии бактериальных острых кишечных инфекций у детей на современном этапе. Инфекц. болезни. 2011; 9 (4): 79–83. / Ploskireva A.A., Gorelov A.V., Usenko D.V. i dr. Effektivnost' etiotropnoi terapii bakterial'nykh ostrykh kishechnykh infektsii u detei na sovremennom etape. Infekts. bolezni. 2011; 9 (4): 79–83. [in Russian]
13. Тихомирова О.В., Бехтерева М.К., Хусейн Дж. и др. Особенности течения дизентерии Флекснера и рациональная этиотропная терапия у детей на современном этапе. Рос. вестн. перинатологии и педиатрии. 2002; 6: 46–52. / Tikhomirova O.V., Bekhtereva M.K., Khusein Dzh. i dr. Osobennosti techeniia dizenterii Fleksnera i ratsional'naia etiotropnaia terapiia u detei na sovremennom etape. Ros. vestn. perinatologii i pediatrii. 2002; 6: 46–52. [in Russian]
14. Избранные вопросы терапии инфекционных больных. Под ред. Ю.В.Лобзина. CПб.: Фолиант, 2005. / Izbrannye voprosy terapii infektsionnykh bol'nykh. Pod red. Iu.V.Lobzina. CPb.: Foliant, 2005. [in Russian]
15. Тазалова Е.В. Чувствительность кампилобактерий к антибиотикам и некоторые механизмы формирования антибиотикорезистентности. Дальневосточный мед. журн. 2012; 3: 120–3. / Tazalova E.V. Chuvstvitel'nost' kampilobakterii k antibiotikam i nekotorye mekhanizmy formirovaniia antibiotikorezistentnosti. Dal'nevostochnyi med. zhurn. 2012; 3: 120–3. [in Russian]
16. Геппе Н.А., Горелов А.В., Дронов И.А. Проблемы антибактериальной терапии при кишечных инфекциях у детей. Мед. совет. 2011; 5: 22–6. / Geppe N.A., Gorelov A.V., Dronov I.A. Problemy antibakterial'noi terapii pri kishechnykh infektsiiakh u detei. Med. sovet. 2011; 5: 22–6. [in Russian]
17. Лобзин Ю.В., Захаренко С.М. Этиотропная терапия кишечных инфекций. Инфекц. болезни. 2009; 7 (3): 62–7. / Lobzin Iu.V., Zakharenko S.M. Etiotropnaia terapiia kishechnykh infektsii. Infekts. bolezni. 2009; 7 (3): 62–7. [in Russian]
18. Diniz-Santos DR, Silva LR, Silva N. Antibiotics for the Empirical Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhea in Children. Braz J Infect Dis 2006; 10 (3): 217–27.
19. Горбачева Е.В. Фармакоэпидемиологический анализ использования антимикробных препаратов у детей при острых кишечных инфекциях в Дальневосточном регионе. Вестн. ВолгГМУ, 2011; 3 (39): 109–12. / Gorbacheva E.V. Farmakoepidemiologicheskii analiz ispol'zovaniia antimikrobnykh preparatov u detei pri ostrykh kishechnykh infektsiiakh v Dal'nevostochnom regione. Vestn. VolgGMU, 2011; 3 (39): 109–12. [in Russian]
20. Острые кишечные инфекции у детей. Учебно-методическое пособие. Под ред. В.Ф.Учайкина. М.: РГМУ, 2005. / Ostrye kishechnye infektsii u detei. Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. Pod red. V.F.Uchaikina. M.: RGMU, 2005. [in Russian]
21. Белоусов Ю.Б., Шатунов С.М. Антибактериальная химиотерапия. М.: Ремедиум, 2001. / Belousov Iu.B., Shatunov S.M. Antibakterial'naia khimioterapiia. M.: Remedium, 2001. [in Russian]
22. Acute diarrhea in adults and children: a global perspective. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. February 2012.
23. Практическое руководство по антиинфекционной химиотерапии. Под ред. Л.С.Страчунского, Ю.Б.Белоусова, С.Н.Козлова. Смоленск: МАКМАХ, 2007. / Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. Smolensk: MAKMAKh, 2007. [in Russian]
24. Christopher PRH, David KV, John SM, Sankarapandian V. Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010; Issue 8: Art. No.: CD006784. Doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD006784.pub4.
25. Varsano I, Eidlitz-Marcus T, Nussinovitch M, Elian I. Comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for treatment of severe shigellosis in children. J Pediatr 1991; 118 (4 Pt. 1): 627–32.
26. Leibovitz E, Janco J, Piglansky L et al. Oral ciprofloxacin vs. intramuscular ceftriaxone as empiric treatment of acute invasive diarrhea in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19 (11): 1060–7.
27. Harrison CJ, Bratcher D. Cephalosporins: a review. Pediatr Rev 2008; 29: 264–73.
28. Fesharakinia A, Ehsanbakhsh A-R, Ghorashadizadeh N. Ceftriaxone-Associated Nephrolithiasis in Children. Iran J Pediatr 2013; 23 (6): 643–47.
29. Boggs SR, Cunnion KM, Raafat RH. Ceftriaxone-Induced Hemolysis in a Child With Lyme Arthritis: A Case for Antimicrobial Stewardship. Pediatrics 2011; 128 (5): 1289–92.
30. Фомина И.П., Смирнова Л.Б. Современное значение орального цефалоспорина III поколения цефиксима в терапии бактериальных инфекций. Инфекции и антимикробная терапия. 2012; 4 (3): 38–40. / Fomina I.P., Smirnova L.B. Sovremennoe znachenie oral'nogo tsefalosporina III pokoleniia tsefiksima v terapii bakterial'nykh infektsii. Infektsii i antimikrobnaia terapiia. 2012; 4 (3): 38–40. [in Russian]
31. Brogden RN, Campoli Richards DM. Cefixime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1989; 38: 524–50.
32. Matsumoto Y, Kojo H, Kamimura T et al. The mechanism of action of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin. Chemotherapy 1985; 33: 123–33.
33. Neu HC. In vitro activity of a new broad spectrum beta-lactamas-estable oral cephalosporin, cefixime. Pediatr Infect Dis 1987; 6: 958–62.
34. Ashkenazi S, Amir J, Waisman Y et al. randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis. J Pediatr 1993; 123(5): 817–21.
35. Helvaci M, Bektalar D, Ozkaya B et al. Comparativeefficacy of cefixime and ampicillin-sulbactam in shigellosis in children. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1998; 40 (2): 131–4.
36. Basualdo W, Arbo A. Randomized comparison of azithromycin versus cefixime for treatment of shigellosis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22 (4): 374–7.
37. Martin JM, Pitetti R, Maffei F et al. Treatment of shigellosis with cefixime: two days vs. five days. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19: 522–6.
38. Крамарев С.А. и др. Звіт про проведення клінічного дослідження з вивчення ефективності та безпечності деескалаційної терапії при гострих кишкових інфекціях у дітей із застосуванням парентерального цефалоспорину цефаксон та перорального цефалоспорину ікзим. MED експерт. 2010; 4: 7. / Kramarev S.A. i dr. Zvіt pro provedennia klіnіchnogo doslіdzhennia z vivchennia efektivnostі ta bezpechnostі deeskalatsіinoї terapії pri gostrikh kishkovikh іnfektsіiakh u dіtei іz zastosuvanniam parenteral'nogo tsefalosporinu tsefakson ta peroral'nogo tsefalosporinu іkzim. MED ekspert. 2010; 4: 7. [in Ukranian]
39. Girgis NJ, Kilpatrick ME, Farid Z et al. Cefixime in the treatment of enteric fever in children. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1993; 19 (1): 47–9.

________________________________________________

1. Guarino A, Albano F, Ashkenazi S et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 46 (Suppl. 2): 81–122.
2. Casburn-Jones AC, Farthing MJG. Management of infectious diarrhea. Gut 2004; 53 (2): 296–305.
3. Hatchette TF, Farina D. Infectious diarrhea: when to test and when to treat. CMAJ 2011; 183: 339–44.
4. Gorelov A.V., Miliutina L.N., Usenko D.V. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu ostrykh kishechnykh infektsii u detei. Posobie dlia vrachei. M., 2006. [in Russian]
5. Guarino A, Ashkenazi Sh, Gendrel D et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe: Update 2014. JPGN 2014; 59 (1): 132–52.
6. Grekova A.I., Zharkova L.P. Vybor antibakterial'noi terapii ostrykh kishechnykh infektsii u detei (rezul'taty mnogotsentrovogo analiticheskogo issledovaniia). Pediatr. farmakologiia. 2007; 4 (3): 16–9. [in Russian]
7. American Academy of Pediatrics. In: L.K.Pickering. Ed. Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 26th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
8. Bielaszewska M, Idelevich EA, Zhang W et al. Effects of antibiotics on Shiga toxin 2 production and bacteriophage induction by epidemic Escherichia coli O104:H4 strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56 (6): 3277–82.
9. Tets V.V. Mikroorganizmy i antibiotiki. Sepsis. SPb.: Eskulap, 2003. [in Russian]
10. Zakharenko S.M. Terapiia kishechnykh infektsii v Rossii: Ratsional'naia ili empiricheskaia? Zhurn. infektologii. 2011; 3 (2): 81–96. [in Russian]
11. Miliutina L.N., Gur'eva O.V., Golubev A.O. i dr. Aktual'nye problemy i tendentsii evoliutsii sovremennykh sal'monellezov u detei. Epidemiologiia i infects. bolezni. 2011; 1: 43–8. [in Russian]
12. Ploskireva A.A., Gorelov A.V., Usenko D.V. i dr. Effektivnost' etiotropnoi terapii bakterial'nykh ostrykh kishechnykh infektsii u detei na sovremennom etape. Infekts. bolezni. 2011; 9 (4): 79–83. [in Russian]
13. Tikhomirova O.V., Bekhtereva M.K., Khusein Dzh. i dr. Osobennosti techeniia dizenterii Fleksnera i ratsional'naia etiotropnaia terapiia u detei na sovremennom etape. Ros. vestn. perinatologii i pediatrii. 2002; 6: 46–52. [in Russian]
14. Izbrannye voprosy terapii infektsionnykh bol'nykh. Pod red. Iu.V.Lobzina. CPb.: Foliant, 2005. [in Russian]
15. Tazalova E.V. Chuvstvitel'nost' kampilobakterii k antibiotikam i nekotorye mekhanizmy formirovaniia antibiotikorezistentnosti. Dal'nevostochnyi med. zhurn. 2012; 3: 120–3. [in Russian]
16. Geppe N.A., Gorelov A.V., Dronov I.A. Problemy antibakterial'noi terapii pri kishechnykh infektsiiakh u detei. Med. sovet. 2011; 5: 22–6. [in Russian]
17. Lobzin Iu.V., Zakharenko S.M. Etiotropnaia terapiia kishechnykh infektsii. Infekts. bolezni. 2009; 7 (3): 62–7. [in Russian]
18. Diniz-Santos DR, Silva LR, Silva N. Antibiotics for the Empirical Treatment of Acute Infectious Diarrhea in Children. Braz J Infect Dis 2006; 10 (3): 217–27.
19. Gorbacheva E.V. Farmakoepidemiologicheskii analiz ispol'zovaniia antimikrobnykh preparatov u detei pri ostrykh kishechnykh infektsiiakh v Dal'nevostochnom regione. Vestn. VolgGMU, 2011; 3 (39): 109–12. [in Russian]
20. Ostrye kishechnye infektsii u detei. Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. Pod red. V.F.Uchaikina. M.: RGMU, 2005. [in Russian]
21. Belousov Iu.B., Shatunov S.M. Antibakterial'naia khimioterapiia. M.: Remedium, 2001. [in Russian]
22. Acute diarrhea in adults and children: a global perspective. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. February 2012.
23. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. Smolensk: MAKMAKh, 2007. [in Russian]
24. Christopher PRH, David KV, John SM, Sankarapandian V. Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010; Issue 8: Art. No.: CD006784. Doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD006784.pub4.
25. Varsano I, Eidlitz-Marcus T, Nussinovitch M, Elian I. Comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for treatment of severe shigellosis in children. J Pediatr 1991; 118 (4 Pt. 1): 627–32.
26. Leibovitz E, Janco J, Piglansky L et al. Oral ciprofloxacin vs. intramuscular ceftriaxone as empiric treatment of acute invasive diarrhea in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19 (11): 1060–7.
27. Harrison CJ, Bratcher D. Cephalosporins: a review. Pediatr Rev 2008; 29: 264–73.
28. Fesharakinia A, Ehsanbakhsh A-R, Ghorashadizadeh N. Ceftriaxone-Associated Nephrolithiasis in Children. Iran J Pediatr 2013; 23 (6): 643–47.
29. Boggs SR, Cunnion KM, Raafat RH. Ceftriaxone-Induced Hemolysis in a Child With Lyme Arthritis: A Case for Antimicrobial Stewardship. Pediatrics 2011; 128 (5): 1289–92.
30. Fomina I.P., Smirnova L.B. Sovremennoe znachenie oral'nogo tsefalosporina III pokoleniia tsefiksima v terapii bakterial'nykh infektsii. Infektsii i antimikrobnaia terapiia. 2012; 4 (3): 38–40. [in Russian]
31. Brogden RN, Campoli Richards DM. Cefixime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1989; 38: 524–50.
32. Matsumoto Y, Kojo H, Kamimura T et al. The mechanism of action of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin. Chemotherapy 1985; 33: 123–33.
33. Neu HC. In vitro activity of a new broad spectrum beta-lactamas-estable oral cephalosporin, cefixime. Pediatr Infect Dis 1987; 6: 958–62.
34. Ashkenazi S, Amir J, Waisman Y et al. randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis. J Pediatr 1993; 123(5): 817–21.
35. Helvaci M, Bektalar D, Ozkaya B et al. Comparativeefficacy of cefixime and ampicillin-sulbactam in shigellosis in children. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1998; 40 (2): 131–4.
36. Basualdo W, Arbo A. Randomized comparison of azithromycin versus cefixime for treatment of shigellosis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22 (4): 374–7.
37. Martin JM, Pitetti R, Maffei F et al. Treatment of shigellosis with cefixime: two days vs. five days. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19: 522–6.
38. Kramarev S.A. i dr. Zvіt pro provedennia klіnіchnogo doslіdzhennia z vivchennia efektivnostі ta bezpechnostі deeskalatsіinoї terapії pri gostrikh kishkovikh іnfektsіiakh u dіtei іz zastosuvanniam parenteral'nogo tsefalosporinu tsefakson ta peroral'nogo tsefalosporinu іkzim. MED ekspert. 2010; 4: 7. [in Ukranian]
39. Girgis NJ, Kilpatrick ME, Farid Z et al. Cefixime in the treatment of enteric fever in children. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1993; 19 (1): 47–9.

М.К.Бехтерева*1, 2, В.В.Иванова1, 2, С.Г.Семенова1, И.В.Раздьяконова1

1 ФГБУ НИИ детских инфекций ФМБА России. 197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9;
2 ГБОУ ВПО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава России. 194100, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Литовская ул., д. 2
*mkbechtereva@mail.ru

________________________________________________

M.K.Bekhtereva*1, 2, V.V.Ivanova1, 2, S.G.Semenova1, I.V.Razd'iakonova1

1 Scientific Research Institute of Children's Infections. 197022, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, ul. Professora Popova, d. 9;
2 Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 194100, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, ul. Litovskaia, d. 2
*mkbechtereva@mail.ru