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Нарушения ночного сна и ассоциированные состояния: вклад в развитие сердечно-сосудистой патологии у детей
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Pshenichnikova I.I., Shkolnikova M.A., Zakharova I.N. Violations of a night's sleep and associated conditions: contribution to the development of cardiovascular disease in children. Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2016; 3: 109–115.
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Ключевые слова: нарушения сна, синдром дыхательных расстройств, артериальная гипертензия, дети, кадетское образование.
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To examine the factors associated with the violation of a night's sleep in children in the period of adaptation to the new conditions of learning, to determine their contribution to the formation of stable changes in the cardiovascular system, examined 177 children aged 10–12 years (mean age 11.3±0.2 years) of these 119 pupils cadet educational institutions (64 boys) and 58 high school students (27 boys). Double: examined on the plan, which included clinical and anamnestic method registered in the first and second halves of training children: movements in the pulsogram, rheopneumogram, daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure, the study of the levels of general and school anxiety, mental stress, assessment of progress. Sleep structure was studied by analyzing pulsogram, estimated incidence of nighttime awakenings and the amount of movement during sleep. The study shows that children adapt to the new conditions of social and educational environment, and it is accompanied by a change of sleep pattern at night: a change in its structure, the increase in the number of nighttime awakenings and spontaneous motor activity. Confirmed information showed the close association between sleep disorders and respiratory disorders representation of the night. The presence of a positive correlation of blood pressure indicators and severity of respiratory distress syndrome. We found the association between the characteristics of mental and emotional response and the severity of nocturnal respiratory disorders. It is shown that sleep disturbances and nocturnal respiratory disorders were significantly associated with poor academic performance. Six months from the start of training in new educational and environmental conditions on the background of significant reduction in mental stress level in the vast majority of the children an improvement in the quality of nocturnal sleep, as well as the decrease in the representation of nocturnal respiratory disorders, and normalization of circadian BP profile parameters were observed. This is consistent with previous data, and proves that children are fast enough to adapt to the conditions of children of moderate chronic stress.
Key words: sleep disturbances, respiratory distress syndrome, hypertension, children, cadet education.
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1. Abashidze E.A. i dr. Narushenie sna u detei. Pediatricheskaia farmakologiia. 2008; 5 (5). [in Russian]
2. Kuchma V.R., Zvezdina I.V., Zhigareva N.S. Mediko-sotsial'nye aspekty formirovaniia zdorov'ia mladshikh shkol'nikov. Vopr. sovremennoi pediatrii. 2008; 7 (4). [in Russian]
3. Finn L, Young T, Palta M, Fryback DG. Sleep-disordered breathing and self-reported general health status in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep 1998; 21 (7): 701–6.
4. Gami AS et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a longitudinal study of 10,701 adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62 (7): 610–6.
5. American Academy of Pediatrics et al. Apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, and home monitoring. Pediatrics 2003; 111 (4): 914–7.
6. Benjamin JA, Lewis KE. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease. Postgrad Med J 2008; 84 (487): 15–22.
7. Hansel B, Cohen-Aubart F, Dourmap C et al. Prevalence of sleep apnea in men with metabolic syndrome and controlled hypertension. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2007; 100 (8): 637–41.
8. Tikhonenko V.M., Aparina I.V. Vozmozhnosti kholterovskogo monitorirovaniia v otsenke sviazi narusheniia ritma i provodimosti serdtsa s epizodami apnoe. Vestn. aritmologii. 2009; 55: 49–55. [in Russian]
9. Reynolds EB, Seda G, Ware JC et al. Autonomic function in sleep apnea patients: increased heart rate variability except during REM sleep in obese patients. Sleep Breath 2007; 11 (1): 53–60.
10. Madaeva I.M., Shevyrtalova O.N., Dolgikh V.V. Arterial'naia gipertoniia i narusheniia dykhaniia vo vremia sna v pediatrii: Rezul'taty pilotnogo issledovaniia. Systemic Hypertension. 2009; 6 (2): 24. [in Russian]
11. Zil'ber A.P. Sindromy sonnogo apnoe. Petrozavodsk, 1994. [in Russian]
12. Shkol'nikova M.A., Miklashevich I.M., Kalinin L.A. Normativnye parametry EKG u detei i podrostkov. M., 2010. [in Russian]
13. Flynn JT, Daniels SR, Hayman LL et al on behalf of the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Update: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2014; 63: 1116–35.
14. Makarov L.M. Kholterovskoe monitorirovanie. 2-e izd. M.: Medpraktika-M, 2003. [in Russian]
15. Somers VK et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: An American heart association/American college of cardiology foundation scientific statement from the American heart association council for high blood pressure research professional education committee, council on clinical cardiology, stroke council, and council on cardiovascular nursing in collaboration with the national heart, lung, and blood institute national center on sleep disorders research (national institutes of health). J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52 (8): 686–717.
16. Jonas BS, Franks P, Ingram DD. Are symptoms of anxiety and depression risk factors for hypertension? Longitudinal evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Arch Fam Med 1997; 6 (1): 43.
17. Kaneita Y et al. Associations between sleep disturbance and mental health status: a longitudinal study of Japanese junior high school students. Sleep Med 2009; 10 (7): 780–6.
18. Abdulghani HM et al. Sleep disorder among medical students: relationship to their academic performance. Med Teacher 2012; 34 (Suppl. 1): S37–S41.
19. Perez-Chada D et al. Sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness are associated with poor academic performance in teenagers. A study using the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Sleep 2007; 30 (12): 1698.
20. Kel'manson I.A. Narusheniia dykhaniia vo sne u detei. SPb.: Spetsial'naia literatura, 1997; s. 160. [in Russian]
21. Vlasova N.V. Osobennosti sotsial'no-psikhologicheskoi adaptatsii kadetov-piatiklassnikov k usloviiam obucheniia v kadetskoi shkole-internate. Izvestiia Saratovskogo universiteta. 2015; 15 (1). [in Russian]
1 ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1;
2 ФГБОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И.Пирогова Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1
*nivieria@gmail.com
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I.I.Pshenichnikova*1, M.A.Shkolnikova2, I.N.Zakharova1
1 Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1;
2 N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Ostrovitianova, d. 1
*nivieria@gmail.com