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Кишечная микробиота и применение пробиотиков с позиции доказательной медицины
Кишечная микробиота и применение пробиотиков с позиции доказательной медицины
Захарова И.Н., Дмитриева Ю.А. Кишечная микробиота и применение пробиотиков с позиции доказательной медицины. Consilium Medicum. Педиатрия (Прил.). 2016; 4: 24–28.
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Аннотация
Результаты научных исследований, проведенных с помощью современных методик, во многом изменили существовавшие представления о составе и роли кишечной микробиоты для организма человека. Активное внедрение молекулярно-генетических технологий позволило идентифицировать более 1 тыс. видов микроорганизмов, населяющих ЖКТ. Процесс становления кишечной микробиоты начинается еще во внутриутробный период, продолжается в течение многих лет и зависит от таких факторов, как способ родоразрешения, характер вскармливания, место родов (на дому, в родильном доме), а также от проводимой антибактериальной терапии, условий проживания и т.д. Нарушение нормальной колонизации кишечника у детей может стать причиной возникновения ряда заболеваний, включая аллергические, функциональные нарушения ЖКТ, инфекционные диареи, воспалительные заболевания кишечника, метаболические нарушения и др. В качестве перспективного направления терапии данных состояний в настоящее время рассматривается применение таргетных пробиотиков с доказанной клинической эффективностью и безопасностью. Одним из наиболее изученных пробиотических штаммов, рекомендуемых к применению в педиатрии, является Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938.
Ключевые слова: микробиом человека, кишечная микробиота, колонизация кишечника, пробиотики, Lactobacillus reuteri, дети.
Key words: human microbiome, intestinal microbiota, intestinal colonization, probiotics, Lactobacillus reuteri, children.
Ключевые слова: микробиом человека, кишечная микробиота, колонизация кишечника, пробиотики, Lactobacillus reuteri, дети.
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Key words: human microbiome, intestinal microbiota, intestinal colonization, probiotics, Lactobacillus reuteri, children.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010; 464: 59–65.
2. Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011; 473: 174–80.
3. Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015; 31 (1): 69–75.
4. Jimenez E, Fernandez L, Marin ML et al. Isolation of commensal bacteria from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates born by cesarean section. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51: 270–4.
5. Satokari R, Gronroos T, Laitinen K et al. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus DNA in the human placenta. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48: 8–12.
6. Grönlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E et al. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after Caesarean section delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28: 19–25.
7. Gueimonde M, Laitinen K, Salminen S et al. Breast-milk: a source of bifidobacteria for infant gut development and maturation? Neonatology 2007; 92: 64–6.
8. Jost T, Lacroix C, Braegger C et al. Assessment of bacterial diversity in breastmilk using culture-dependent and culture independent approaches. Br J Nutr 2013; 110: 1253–62.
9. Roger LC, Costabile A, Holland DT et al. Examination of faecal Bifidobacterium populations in breast- and formula-fed infants during the first 18 months of life. Microbiology 2010; 156: 3329–41.
10. Iacono G, Merolla R, D'Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37 (6): 432–8.
11. Захарова И.Н., Боровик Т.Э., Яцык Г.В. и др. Младенческие кишечные колики: лечить или не лечить? М.: РМАПО, 2013. / Zakharova I.N., Borovik T.E., Iatsyk G.V. i dr. Mladencheskie kishechnye koliki: lechit' ili ne lechit'? M.: RMAPO, 2013. [in Russian]
12. Lehtonen L, Korvenranta H, Eerola J. Intestinal microflora in colicky and noncolicky infants: bacterial cultures and gas-liquid chromatography. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994; 19 (3): 310–4.
13. Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V et al. Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infants. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98 (10): 1582–8.
14. Savino F, Ceratto S. Advances in Infantile colic and the use of Probiotics. Funct Food Rev 2012; 4 (4): 152–7.
15. Rhoads JM, Fatheree NY, Norori J et al. Altered fecal microflora and increased fecal calprotectin in infants with colic. J Pediatr 2009; 155 (6): 823–8.
16. Reuter G. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microflora of the human intestine: composition and succession. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2001; 2: 43–53.
17. Valeur N, Engel P, Carbajal N et al. Colonization and immunomodulation by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 in the human gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70 (2): 1176–81.
18. Rosander A, Connolly E, Roos S. Removal of antibiotic resistance gene-carrying plasmids from Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 and characterization of the resulting daughter strain, L. reuteri DSM 17938. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74 (19): 6032–40.
19. Axelson LT, Chung TC, Dobrogosz WJ, Lindgren SE. Production of a broad spectrum antimicrobial substance by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 131–6.
20. Chung TC, Axelsson L, Lindgren SE, Dobrogosz WJ. In vitro studies on reuterin synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 137–44.
21. Jones SE, Versalovic J. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri biofilms produce antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory factors. BMC Microbiol 2009; 11 (9): 35. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-3.
22. Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Mangalat N, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri strains reduce incidence and severity of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via modulation of TLR4 and NF-kB signaling in the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302 (6): G608–G617.
23. Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Mangalat N, Rhoads JM. Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strains differentially reduce intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299 (5): G1087–G1096.
24. Savino F, Pelle E, Palumeri E. Lactobacillus reuteri (American Type Culture Collection Strain 55730) versus simethicone in the treatment of infantile colic: a prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 2007; 119: e124–30.
25. Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V et al. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in infantile colic: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2010; 126 (3): e526–33.
26. Szajewska H, Gyrczuk E, Horvath A. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for the management of infantile colic in breastfed infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 2013; 162 (2): 257–62.
27. Coccorullo P, Strisciuglio C, Martinelli M et al. Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) in infants with functional chronic constipation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled study. J Pediatr 2010; 157 (4): 598–602.
28. Romano C, Ferrau V, Cavataio F et al. Lactobacillus reuteri in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP). J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50 (10): E68–71.
29. Indrio F, Riezzo G, Raimondi F et al. Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgitation in infants. Eur J Clin Investig 2011; 41 (4): 417–22.
30. Urbańska M., Szajewska H. The efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in infants and children: a review of the current evidence. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173 (10): 1327–37.
31. Francavilla R, Lionetti E, Castellaneta S et al. Randomised clinical trial: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 vs. placebo in children with acute diarrhea – a double-blind study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36 (4): 363–9.
32. Dinleyici EC, PROBAGE Study Group. Vandenplas Y. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 effectively reduces the duration of acute diarrhoea in hospitalised children. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103 (7): e300–5.
33. Szajewska H, Urbańska M, Chmielewska A et al. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 (and the original strain ATCC 55730) for treating acute gastroenteritis in children. Benef Microbes 2014; 5 (3): 285–93.
34. Szajewska H, Guarino A, Hojsak I et al. Use of Probiotics for Management of Acute Gastroenteritis: A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58 (4): 531–9.
35. Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Lopez-Velazquez G, Diaz-Garcia L et al. Diarrhea in preschool children and Lactobacillus reuteri: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2014; 133: e904.
2. Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011; 473: 174–80.
3. Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015; 31 (1): 69–75.
4. Jimenez E, Fernandez L, Marin ML et al. Isolation of commensal bacteria from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates born by cesarean section. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51: 270–4.
5. Satokari R, Gronroos T, Laitinen K et al. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus DNA in the human placenta. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48: 8–12.
6. Grönlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E et al. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after Caesarean section delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28: 19–25.
7. Gueimonde M, Laitinen K, Salminen S et al. Breast-milk: a source of bifidobacteria for infant gut development and maturation? Neonatology 2007; 92: 64–6.
8. Jost T, Lacroix C, Braegger C et al. Assessment of bacterial diversity in breastmilk using culture-dependent and culture independent approaches. Br J Nutr 2013; 110: 1253–62.
9. Roger LC, Costabile A, Holland DT et al. Examination of faecal Bifidobacterium populations in breast- and formula-fed infants during the first 18 months of life. Microbiology 2010; 156: 3329–41.
10. Iacono G, Merolla R, D'Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37 (6): 432–8.
11. Zakharova I.N., Borovik T.E., Iatsyk G.V. i dr. Mladencheskie kishechnye koliki: lechit' ili ne lechit'? M.: RMAPO, 2013. [in Russian]
12. Lehtonen L, Korvenranta H, Eerola J. Intestinal microflora in colicky and noncolicky infants: bacterial cultures and gas-liquid chromatography. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994; 19 (3): 310–4.
13. Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V et al. Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infants. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98 (10): 1582–8.
14. Savino F, Ceratto S. Advances in Infantile colic and the use of Probiotics. Funct Food Rev 2012; 4 (4): 152–7.
15. Rhoads JM, Fatheree NY, Norori J et al. Altered fecal microflora and increased fecal calprotectin in infants with colic. J Pediatr 2009; 155 (6): 823–8.
16. Reuter G. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microflora of the human intestine: composition and succession. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2001; 2: 43–53.
17. Valeur N, Engel P, Carbajal N et al. Colonization and immunomodulation by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 in the human gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70 (2): 1176–81.
18. Rosander A, Connolly E, Roos S. Removal of antibiotic resistance gene-carrying plasmids from Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 and characterization of the resulting daughter strain, L. reuteri DSM 17938. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74 (19): 6032–40.
19. Axelson LT, Chung TC, Dobrogosz WJ, Lindgren SE. Production of a broad spectrum antimicrobial substance by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 131–6.
20. Chung TC, Axelsson L, Lindgren SE, Dobrogosz WJ. In vitro studies on reuterin synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 137–44.
21. Jones SE, Versalovic J. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri biofilms produce antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory factors. BMC Microbiol 2009; 11 (9): 35. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-3.
22. Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Mangalat N, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri strains reduce incidence and severity of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via modulation of TLR4 and NF-kB signaling in the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302 (6): G608–G617.
23. Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Mangalat N, Rhoads JM. Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strains differentially reduce intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299 (5): G1087–G1096.
24. Savino F, Pelle E, Palumeri E. Lactobacillus reuteri (American Type Culture Collection Strain 55730) versus simethicone in the treatment of infantile colic: a prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 2007; 119: e124–30.
25. Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V et al. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in infantile colic: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2010; 126 (3): e526–33.
26. Szajewska H, Gyrczuk E, Horvath A. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for the management of infantile colic in breastfed infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 2013; 162 (2): 257–62.
27. Coccorullo P, Strisciuglio C, Martinelli M et al. Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) in infants with functional chronic constipation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled study. J Pediatr 2010; 157 (4): 598–602.
28. Romano C, Ferrau V, Cavataio F et al. Lactobacillus reuteri in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP). J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50 (10): E68–71.
29. Indrio F, Riezzo G, Raimondi F et al. Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgitation in infants. Eur J Clin Investig 2011; 41 (4): 417–22.
30. Urbańska M., Szajewska H. The efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in infants and children: a review of the current evidence. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173 (10): 1327–37.
31. Francavilla R, Lionetti E, Castellaneta S et al. Randomised clinical trial: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 vs. placebo in children with acute diarrhea – a double-blind study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36 (4): 363–9.
32. Dinleyici EC, PROBAGE Study Group. Vandenplas Y. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 effectively reduces the duration of acute diarrhoea in hospitalised children. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103 (7): e300–5.
33. Szajewska H, Urbańska M, Chmielewska A et al. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 (and the original strain ATCC 55730) for treating acute gastroenteritis in children. Benef Microbes 2014; 5 (3): 285–93.
34. Szajewska H, Guarino A, Hojsak I et al. Use of Probiotics for Management of Acute Gastroenteritis: A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58 (4): 531–9.
35. Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Lopez-Velazquez G, Diaz-Garcia L et al. Diarrhea in preschool children and Lactobacillus reuteri: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2014; 133: e904.
2. Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011; 473: 174–80.
3. Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015; 31 (1): 69–75.
4. Jimenez E, Fernandez L, Marin ML et al. Isolation of commensal bacteria from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates born by cesarean section. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51: 270–4.
5. Satokari R, Gronroos T, Laitinen K et al. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus DNA in the human placenta. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48: 8–12.
6. Grönlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E et al. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after Caesarean section delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28: 19–25.
7. Gueimonde M, Laitinen K, Salminen S et al. Breast-milk: a source of bifidobacteria for infant gut development and maturation? Neonatology 2007; 92: 64–6.
8. Jost T, Lacroix C, Braegger C et al. Assessment of bacterial diversity in breastmilk using culture-dependent and culture independent approaches. Br J Nutr 2013; 110: 1253–62.
9. Roger LC, Costabile A, Holland DT et al. Examination of faecal Bifidobacterium populations in breast- and formula-fed infants during the first 18 months of life. Microbiology 2010; 156: 3329–41.
10. Iacono G, Merolla R, D'Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37 (6): 432–8.
11. Захарова И.Н., Боровик Т.Э., Яцык Г.В. и др. Младенческие кишечные колики: лечить или не лечить? М.: РМАПО, 2013. / Zakharova I.N., Borovik T.E., Iatsyk G.V. i dr. Mladencheskie kishechnye koliki: lechit' ili ne lechit'? M.: RMAPO, 2013. [in Russian]
12. Lehtonen L, Korvenranta H, Eerola J. Intestinal microflora in colicky and noncolicky infants: bacterial cultures and gas-liquid chromatography. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994; 19 (3): 310–4.
13. Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V et al. Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infants. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98 (10): 1582–8.
14. Savino F, Ceratto S. Advances in Infantile colic and the use of Probiotics. Funct Food Rev 2012; 4 (4): 152–7.
15. Rhoads JM, Fatheree NY, Norori J et al. Altered fecal microflora and increased fecal calprotectin in infants with colic. J Pediatr 2009; 155 (6): 823–8.
16. Reuter G. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microflora of the human intestine: composition and succession. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2001; 2: 43–53.
17. Valeur N, Engel P, Carbajal N et al. Colonization and immunomodulation by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 in the human gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70 (2): 1176–81.
18. Rosander A, Connolly E, Roos S. Removal of antibiotic resistance gene-carrying plasmids from Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 and characterization of the resulting daughter strain, L. reuteri DSM 17938. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74 (19): 6032–40.
19. Axelson LT, Chung TC, Dobrogosz WJ, Lindgren SE. Production of a broad spectrum antimicrobial substance by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 131–6.
20. Chung TC, Axelsson L, Lindgren SE, Dobrogosz WJ. In vitro studies on reuterin synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 137–44.
21. Jones SE, Versalovic J. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri biofilms produce antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory factors. BMC Microbiol 2009; 11 (9): 35. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-3.
22. Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Mangalat N, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri strains reduce incidence and severity of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via modulation of TLR4 and NF-kB signaling in the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302 (6): G608–G617.
23. Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Mangalat N, Rhoads JM. Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strains differentially reduce intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299 (5): G1087–G1096.
24. Savino F, Pelle E, Palumeri E. Lactobacillus reuteri (American Type Culture Collection Strain 55730) versus simethicone in the treatment of infantile colic: a prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 2007; 119: e124–30.
25. Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V et al. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in infantile colic: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2010; 126 (3): e526–33.
26. Szajewska H, Gyrczuk E, Horvath A. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for the management of infantile colic in breastfed infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 2013; 162 (2): 257–62.
27. Coccorullo P, Strisciuglio C, Martinelli M et al. Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) in infants with functional chronic constipation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled study. J Pediatr 2010; 157 (4): 598–602.
28. Romano C, Ferrau V, Cavataio F et al. Lactobacillus reuteri in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP). J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50 (10): E68–71.
29. Indrio F, Riezzo G, Raimondi F et al. Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgitation in infants. Eur J Clin Investig 2011; 41 (4): 417–22.
30. Urbańska M., Szajewska H. The efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in infants and children: a review of the current evidence. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173 (10): 1327–37.
31. Francavilla R, Lionetti E, Castellaneta S et al. Randomised clinical trial: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 vs. placebo in children with acute diarrhea – a double-blind study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36 (4): 363–9.
32. Dinleyici EC, PROBAGE Study Group. Vandenplas Y. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 effectively reduces the duration of acute diarrhoea in hospitalised children. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103 (7): e300–5.
33. Szajewska H, Urbańska M, Chmielewska A et al. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 (and the original strain ATCC 55730) for treating acute gastroenteritis in children. Benef Microbes 2014; 5 (3): 285–93.
34. Szajewska H, Guarino A, Hojsak I et al. Use of Probiotics for Management of Acute Gastroenteritis: A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58 (4): 531–9.
35. Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Lopez-Velazquez G, Diaz-Garcia L et al. Diarrhea in preschool children and Lactobacillus reuteri: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2014; 133: e904.
________________________________________________
2. Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011; 473: 174–80.
3. Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015; 31 (1): 69–75.
4. Jimenez E, Fernandez L, Marin ML et al. Isolation of commensal bacteria from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates born by cesarean section. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51: 270–4.
5. Satokari R, Gronroos T, Laitinen K et al. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus DNA in the human placenta. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48: 8–12.
6. Grönlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E et al. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after Caesarean section delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28: 19–25.
7. Gueimonde M, Laitinen K, Salminen S et al. Breast-milk: a source of bifidobacteria for infant gut development and maturation? Neonatology 2007; 92: 64–6.
8. Jost T, Lacroix C, Braegger C et al. Assessment of bacterial diversity in breastmilk using culture-dependent and culture independent approaches. Br J Nutr 2013; 110: 1253–62.
9. Roger LC, Costabile A, Holland DT et al. Examination of faecal Bifidobacterium populations in breast- and formula-fed infants during the first 18 months of life. Microbiology 2010; 156: 3329–41.
10. Iacono G, Merolla R, D'Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37 (6): 432–8.
11. Zakharova I.N., Borovik T.E., Iatsyk G.V. i dr. Mladencheskie kishechnye koliki: lechit' ili ne lechit'? M.: RMAPO, 2013. [in Russian]
12. Lehtonen L, Korvenranta H, Eerola J. Intestinal microflora in colicky and noncolicky infants: bacterial cultures and gas-liquid chromatography. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994; 19 (3): 310–4.
13. Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V et al. Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infants. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98 (10): 1582–8.
14. Savino F, Ceratto S. Advances in Infantile colic and the use of Probiotics. Funct Food Rev 2012; 4 (4): 152–7.
15. Rhoads JM, Fatheree NY, Norori J et al. Altered fecal microflora and increased fecal calprotectin in infants with colic. J Pediatr 2009; 155 (6): 823–8.
16. Reuter G. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microflora of the human intestine: composition and succession. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2001; 2: 43–53.
17. Valeur N, Engel P, Carbajal N et al. Colonization and immunomodulation by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 in the human gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70 (2): 1176–81.
18. Rosander A, Connolly E, Roos S. Removal of antibiotic resistance gene-carrying plasmids from Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 and characterization of the resulting daughter strain, L. reuteri DSM 17938. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74 (19): 6032–40.
19. Axelson LT, Chung TC, Dobrogosz WJ, Lindgren SE. Production of a broad spectrum antimicrobial substance by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 131–6.
20. Chung TC, Axelsson L, Lindgren SE, Dobrogosz WJ. In vitro studies on reuterin synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1989; 2: 137–44.
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Авторы
И.Н.Захарова*, Ю.А.Дмитриева
ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
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