1. Overbye M, Wagner U. Between medical treatment and performance enhancement: an investigation of how elite athletes experience Therapeutic Use Exemptions. Int J Drug Policy 2013; 24 (6): 579–88.
2. Mazzeo F, Monda V, Santamaria S et al. Antidoping program: an important factor in the promotion and protection of the integrity of sport and athlete's health. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; p. 2–17.
3. Morente-Sánchez J, Zabala M. Doping in sport: a review of elite athletes' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge. Sports Med 2013; 43 (6): 395–411.
4. Ostojic SM. Mitochondria-targeted nutraceuticals in sports medicine: a new perspective. Res Sports Med 2017; 25 (1): 91–100.
5. Всемирный антидопинговый кодекс. Версия 3.0. 20 февраля 2003 г. http://www.wada-ama.org / Vsemirnyi antidopingovyi kodeks. Versiia 3.0. 20 fevralia 2003 g. http://www.wada-ama.org [in Russian]
6. Grivetti LE, Applegate EA. From Olympia to Atlanta: a cultural historical perspective on diet and athletic training. J Nutr 1997; 127 (Suppl.): 860–8.
7. Angell PJ, Chester N, Sculthorpe N et al. Performance enhancing drug abuse and cardiovascular risk in athletes: implications for the clinician. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46 (Suppl. 1): i78–84.
8. Kinahan A, Budgett R, Mazzoni I. Structure and Development of the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods. Med Sport Sci 2017; 62: 39–54.
9. Ljungqvist A. Brief History of Anti-Doping. Med Sport Sci 2017; 62: 1–10.
10. La Gerche A, Brosnan MJ. Cardiovascular Effects of Performance-Enhancing Drugs. Circulation 2017; 135 (1): 89–99. DOI: 10.1161 /CIRCULATION AHA. 116. 022535.
11. Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine, American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41 (3): 709–31.
12. Nicholls AR, Cope E, Bailey R et al. Children's First Experience of Taking Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids can Occur before Their 10th Birthday: A Systematic Review Identifying 9 Factors That Predicted Doping among Young People. Front Psychol 2017; 8: 1015.
13. Arieli R, Lahav Y. Ergogenic sport supplements for athletes. Harefuah 2016; 155 (6): 370–3, 385.
14. Momaya A, Fawal M, Estes R. Performance-enhancing substances in sports: a review of the literature. Sports Med 2015; 45 (4): 517–31.
15. Kanayama G, Pope HG Jr. History and epidemiology of anabolic androgens in athletes and non-athletes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30152-1.
16. Sinha-Hikim I, Artaza J, Woodhouse L et al. Testosterone-induced increase in muscle size in healthy young men is associated with muscle fiber hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 283 (1): E154–64.
17. Turillazzi E, Perilli G, Di Paolo M et al. Side effects of AAS abuse: an overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 11 (5): 374–89.
18. Cheung AS, Grossmann M. Physiological basis behind ergogenic effects of anabolic androgens. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30060-6.
19. Luke JL, Farb A, Virmani R, Sample RH. Sudden cardiac death during exercise in a weight lifter using anabolic androgenic steroids: pathological and toxicological findings. J Forensic Sci 1990; 35 (6): 1441–7.
20. Goldman A, Basaria S. Adverse health effects of androgen use. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30336-2.
21. Zmuda JM, Cauley JA, Kriska A et al. Longitudinal relation between endogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle aged men. A 13 year follow-up of former Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial participants. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 609–17.
22. Bueno A, Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM et al. A comparative study of the effect of the dose and exposure duration of anabolic androgenic steroids on behavior, cholinergic regulation, and oxidative stress in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12 (6): e0177623.
23. Zgliczynski S, Ossowski M, Slowinska-Srednicka J et al. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on lipids and lipoproteins in hypogonadal and elderly men. Atherosclerosis 1996; 121 (1): 35–43.
24. Frati P, Busardò FP, Cipolloni L et al. Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) related deaths: autoptic, histopathological and toxicological findings. Curr Neuropharm 2015; 13 (1): 146–59.
25. Di Paolo M, Agozzino M, Toni C et al. Sudden anabolic steroid abuse-related death in athletes. Int J Cardiol 2007; 114 (1): 114–7.
26. Seara FAC, Barbosa RAQ, de Oliveira DF et al. Administration of anabolic steroid during adolescence induces long-term cardiac hypertrophy and increases susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult Wistar rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171: 34–42.
27. Montisci M, Mazloum R, Cecchetto G et al. Anabolic androgenic steroids abuse and cardiac death in athletes: morphological and toxicological findings in four fatal cases Forensic Sci Int 2012; 217 (1–3): e13–8.
28. Baggish AL, Weiner RB, Kanayama G et al. Cardiovascular Toxicity of Illicit Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use. Circulation 2017; 135 (21): 1991–2002.
29. Vanberg P, Atar D. Androgenic anabolic steroid abuse and the cardiovascular system. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010; 195: 411–57. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_18.
30. Sculthorpe N, Taylor L, Grace FM. Prolonged androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS) induced QT interval shortening: a suitable screening tool? Drug Test Anal 2016; 8 (1): 120–2.
31. Karila TAM, Karjalainen JE, Mantysaari MJ et al. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Produce Dose-Dependent Increase in Left Ventricular Mass in Power Athletes, and this Effect is Potentiated by Concomitant Use of Growth Hormone. Int J Sports Med 2003; 24: 337–43.
32. Anderson LJ, Tamayose JM, Garcia JM. Use of growth hormone, IGF-I, and insulin for anabolic purpose: Pharmacological basis, methods of detection, and adverse effects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30337-4.
33. Kanbay M, Akcay A, Delibasi T et al. Comparison of effects of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa on serum endothelin level and blood pressure. Adv Ter 2007; 24: 346–52.
34. Casella M, Dello Russo A, Izzo G et al. Ventricular arrhythmias induced by long-term use of ephedrine in two competitive athletes. Heart Vessels 2015; 30 (2): 280–3.
35. Carlsen KH. Bronchial hyperreactivity in athletes. Nord Med 1994; 109 (1): 16–8.
36. Kierzkowska B, Stanczyk J, Kasprzak JD. Myocardial infarction in a 17-year-old body builder using clenbuterol. Circ J 2005; 69: 1144–6.
37. Shaw G, Slater G, Burke LM. Supplement Use Elitу Austalian Swimmers. Int Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2015; 2: 658–62.
38. Hans Geyer, Parr MK, Koehler K et al. Nutritional supplements cross-contaminated and faked with doping substances. J Mass Spectrometry 2008; 43 (7): 892–902.
39. Blank C, Schobersberger W, Leichtfried V, Duschek S. Health Psychological Constructs as Predictors of Doping Susceptibility in Adolescent Athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7 (4): 35.
40. Persky AM, Brazeau GA. Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. Pharmacol Rev 2001; 53 (2): 161–76.
41. Engelhardt М, Neumann G, Berbalk A. Additions crea tine at fatigue spots training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30 (7): 1123–9.
42. Розенштраух Л.В., Витт Р., Розанский Г. Электрофизиологические аспекты действия креатинфосфата на клеточную активность миокарда в нормальных условиях и при ишемии. Кардиология. 1990; 11: 97–102. / Rozenshtraukh L.V., Vitt R., Rozanskii G. Elektrofiziologicheskie aspekty deistviia kreatinfosfata na kletochnuiu aktivnost' miokarda v normal'nykh usloviiakh i pri ishemii. Kardiologiia. 1990; 11: 97–102. [in Russian]
43. Higgins MF, James RS, Price MJ. The effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) ingestion on high intensity cycling capacity. J Sports Sci 2013.
44. Brisola GM, Artioli GG, Papoti M, Zagatto AM. Effects of Four Weeks of b-Alanine Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Ability in Water Polo Players. PLoS One 2016; 11 (12): e0167968.
45. Folland JP, Stern R, Brickley G. Sodium phosphate loading improves laboratory cycling time-trial performance in trained cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 2008; 11 (5): 464–8.
46. Kreider RB, Wilborn CD, Taylor L et al. ISSN exercise and sport nutrition review: research and recommendations. J Intern Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7: 7–50.
47. Балыкова Л.А., Ивянский С.А., Урзяева А.Н. и др. Элькар в детской спортивной практике. Рос. вестн. перинатологии и педиатрии. 2013; 5: 102–8. / Balykova L.A., Ivianskii S.A., Urziaeva A.N. i dr. El'kar v detskoi sportivnoi praktike. Ros. vestn. perinatologii i pediatrii. 2013; 5: 102–8. [in Russian]
48. Формулярное руководство по применению лекарственных средств в детско-юношеском спорте. Под ред. С.О.Ключникова, И.Г.Козлова, А.Г.Самойлова. М.: MBP-Agency, 2014. / Formuliarnoe rukovodstvo po primeneniiu lekarstvennykh sredstv v detsko-iunosheskom sporte. Pod red. S.O.Kliuchnikova, I.G.Kozlova, A.G.Samoilova. M.: MBP-Agency, 2014. [in Russian]

________________________________________________

1. Overbye M, Wagner U. Between medical treatment and performance enhancement: an investigation of how elite athletes experience Therapeutic Use Exemptions. Int J Drug Policy 2013; 24 (6): 579–88.
2. Mazzeo F, Monda V, Santamaria S et al. Antidoping program: an important factor in the promotion and protection of the integrity of sport and athlete's health. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; p. 2–17.
3. Morente-Sánchez J, Zabala M. Doping in sport: a review of elite athletes' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge. Sports Med 2013; 43 (6): 395–411.
4. Ostojic SM. Mitochondria-targeted nutraceuticals in sports medicine: a new perspective. Res Sports Med 2017; 25 (1): 91–100.
5. Vsemirnyi antidopingovyi kodeks. Versiia 3.0. 20 fevralia 2003 g. http://www.wada-ama.org [in Russian]
6. Grivetti LE, Applegate EA. From Olympia to Atlanta: a cultural historical perspective on diet and athletic training. J Nutr 1997; 127 (Suppl.): 860–8.
7. Angell PJ, Chester N, Sculthorpe N et al. Performance enhancing drug abuse and cardiovascular risk in athletes: implications for the clinician. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46 (Suppl. 1): i78–84.
8. Kinahan A, Budgett R, Mazzoni I. Structure and Development of the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods. Med Sport Sci 2017; 62: 39–54.
9. Ljungqvist A. Brief History of Anti-Doping. Med Sport Sci 2017; 62: 1–10.
10. La Gerche A, Brosnan MJ. Cardiovascular Effects of Performance-Enhancing Drugs. Circulation 2017; 135 (1): 89–99. DOI: 10.1161 /CIRCULATION AHA. 116. 022535.
11. Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine, American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41 (3): 709–31.
12. Nicholls AR, Cope E, Bailey R et al. Children's First Experience of Taking Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids can Occur before Their 10th Birthday: A Systematic Review Identifying 9 Factors That Predicted Doping among Young People. Front Psychol 2017; 8: 1015.
13. Arieli R, Lahav Y. Ergogenic sport supplements for athletes. Harefuah 2016; 155 (6): 370–3, 385.
14. Momaya A, Fawal M, Estes R. Performance-enhancing substances in sports: a review of the literature. Sports Med 2015; 45 (4): 517–31.
15. Kanayama G, Pope HG Jr. History and epidemiology of anabolic androgens in athletes and non-athletes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30152-1.
16. Sinha-Hikim I, Artaza J, Woodhouse L et al. Testosterone-induced increase in muscle size in healthy young men is associated with muscle fiber hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 283 (1): E154–64.
17. Turillazzi E, Perilli G, Di Paolo M et al. Side effects of AAS abuse: an overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 11 (5): 374–89.
18. Cheung AS, Grossmann M. Physiological basis behind ergogenic effects of anabolic androgens. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30060-6.
19. Luke JL, Farb A, Virmani R, Sample RH. Sudden cardiac death during exercise in a weight lifter using anabolic androgenic steroids: pathological and toxicological findings. J Forensic Sci 1990; 35 (6): 1441–7.
20. Goldman A, Basaria S. Adverse health effects of androgen use. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30336-2.
21. Zmuda JM, Cauley JA, Kriska A et al. Longitudinal relation between endogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle aged men. A 13 year follow-up of former Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial participants. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 609–17.
22. Bueno A, Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM et al. A comparative study of the effect of the dose and exposure duration of anabolic androgenic steroids on behavior, cholinergic regulation, and oxidative stress in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12 (6): e0177623.
23. Zgliczynski S, Ossowski M, Slowinska-Srednicka J et al. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on lipids and lipoproteins in hypogonadal and elderly men. Atherosclerosis 1996; 121 (1): 35–43.
24. Frati P, Busardò FP, Cipolloni L et al. Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) related deaths: autoptic, histopathological and toxicological findings. Curr Neuropharm 2015; 13 (1): 146–59.
25. Di Paolo M, Agozzino M, Toni C et al. Sudden anabolic steroid abuse-related death in athletes. Int J Cardiol 2007; 114 (1): 114–7.
26. Seara FAC, Barbosa RAQ, de Oliveira DF et al. Administration of anabolic steroid during adolescence induces long-term cardiac hypertrophy and increases susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult Wistar rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171: 34–42.
27. Montisci M, Mazloum R, Cecchetto G et al. Anabolic androgenic steroids abuse and cardiac death in athletes: morphological and toxicological findings in four fatal cases Forensic Sci Int 2012; 217 (1–3): e13–8.
28. Baggish AL, Weiner RB, Kanayama G et al. Cardiovascular Toxicity of Illicit Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use. Circulation 2017; 135 (21): 1991–2002.
29. Vanberg P, Atar D. Androgenic anabolic steroid abuse and the cardiovascular system. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010; 195: 411–57. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_18.
30. Sculthorpe N, Taylor L, Grace FM. Prolonged androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS) induced QT interval shortening: a suitable screening tool? Drug Test Anal 2016; 8 (1): 120–2.
31. Karila TAM, Karjalainen JE, Mantysaari MJ et al. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Produce Dose-Dependent Increase in Left Ventricular Mass in Power Athletes, and this Effect is Potentiated by Concomitant Use of Growth Hormone. Int J Sports Med 2003; 24: 337–43.
32. Anderson LJ, Tamayose JM, Garcia JM. Use of growth hormone, IGF-I, and insulin for anabolic purpose: Pharmacological basis, methods of detection, and adverse effects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. pii: S0303-7207(17)30337-4.
33. Kanbay M, Akcay A, Delibasi T et al. Comparison of effects of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin alfa on serum endothelin level and blood pressure. Adv Ter 2007; 24: 346–52.
34. Casella M, Dello Russo A, Izzo G et al. Ventricular arrhythmias induced by long-term use of ephedrine in two competitive athletes. Heart Vessels 2015; 30 (2): 280–3.
35. Carlsen KH. Bronchial hyperreactivity in athletes. Nord Med 1994; 109 (1): 16–8.
36. Kierzkowska B, Stanczyk J, Kasprzak JD. Myocardial infarction in a 17-year-old body builder using clenbuterol. Circ J 2005; 69: 1144–6.
37. Shaw G, Slater G, Burke LM. Supplement Use Elitу Austalian Swimmers. Int Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2015; 2: 658–62.
38. Hans Geyer, Parr MK, Koehler K et al. Nutritional supplements cross-contaminated and faked with doping substances. J Mass Spectrometry 2008; 43 (7): 892–902.
39. Blank C, Schobersberger W, Leichtfried V, Duschek S. Health Psychological Constructs as Predictors of Doping Susceptibility in Adolescent Athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7 (4): 35.
40. Persky AM, Brazeau GA. Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. Pharmacol Rev 2001; 53 (2): 161–76.
41. Engelhardt М, Neumann G, Berbalk A. Additions crea tine at fatigue spots training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30 (7): 1123–9.
42. Rozenshtraukh L.V., Vitt R., Rozanskii G. Elektrofiziologicheskie aspekty deistviia kreatinfosfata na kletochnuiu aktivnost' miokarda v normal'nykh usloviiakh i pri ishemii. Kardiologiia. 1990; 11: 97–102. [in Russian]
43. Higgins MF, James RS, Price MJ. The effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) ingestion on high intensity cycling capacity. J Sports Sci 2013.
44. Brisola GM, Artioli GG, Papoti M, Zagatto AM. Effects of Four Weeks of b-Alanine Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Ability in Water Polo Players. PLoS One 2016; 11 (12): e0167968.
45. Folland JP, Stern R, Brickley G. Sodium phosphate loading improves laboratory cycling time-trial performance in trained cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 2008; 11 (5): 464–8.
46. Kreider RB, Wilborn CD, Taylor L et al. ISSN exercise and sport nutrition review: research and recommendations. J Intern Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7: 7–50.
47. Balykova L.A., Ivianskii S.A., Urziaeva A.N. i dr. El'kar v detskoi sportivnoi praktike. Ros. vestn. perinatologii i pediatrii. 2013; 5: 102–8. [in Russian]
48. Formuliarnoe rukovodstvo po primeneniiu lekarstvennykh sredstv v detsko-iunosheskom sporte. Pod red. S.O.Kliuchnikova, I.G.Kozlova, A.G.Samoilova. M.: MBP-Agency, 2014. [in Russian]

Л.А.Балыкова*, С.А.Ивянский, Е.С.Самошкина, К.Н.Чигинева, К.А.Варлашина, С.А.Плешков

ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П.Огарева». 430005, Россия, Саранск, ул. Большевистская, д. 68
*larisabalykova@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

L.A.Balykova*, S.A.Ivyanskiy, E.S.Samoshkina, K.N.Chiginyova, K.A.Varlashina, S.A.Pleshkov

N.P.Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University. 430005, Russian Federation, Saransk, ul. Bol'shevistskaia, d. 68
*larisabalykova@yandex.ru