Значение аллергенов плесневых грибов в развитии аллергических заболеваний полости носа: подходы к диагностике, терапии и профилактике

1. Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140 (4): 950–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050
2. Blackwell M. The fungi: 1, 2, 3 ... 5.1 million species? Am J Bot 2011; 98 (3): 426–38. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000298
3. Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Ryberg M et al. Global biogeography of the ectomycorrhizal/sebacina lineage (fungi, Sebacinales) as revealed from comparative phylogenetic analyses. Mol Ecol 2014; 23 (16): 4168–83. DOI: 10.1111/mec.12849
4. Baxi SN, Portnoy JM, Larenas-Linnemann D, Phipatanakul W. Exposure and Health Effects of Fungi on Humans. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2016; 4 (3): 396–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.01.008
5. Pashley CH, Fairs A, Free RC, Wardlaw AJ. DNA analysis of outdoor air reveals a high degree of fungal diversity, temporal variability, and genera not seen by spore morphology. Fungal Biol 2012; 116 (2): 214–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.004
6. Barnes C, Schreiber K, Pacheco F et al. Comparison of outdoor allergenic particles and allergen levels. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000; 84: 47–54.
7. Pulimood TB, Corden JM, Bryden C et al. Epidemic asthma and the role of the fungal mold Alternaria alternata. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 610–7.
8. Targonski PV, Persky VW, Ramekrishnan V. Effect of environmental molds on risk of death from asthma during the pollen season. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95: 955–61.
9. Chao HJ, Milton DK, Schwartz J, Burge HA. Dustborne fungi in large office buildings. Mycopathologia 2002; 154: 93–106.
10. Damialis A, Mohammad AB, Halley JM, Gange AC. Fungi in a changing world: growth rates will be elevated, but spore production may decrease in future climates. Int J Biometeorol 2015; 59 (9): 1157–67. DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0927-0
11. Reinmuth-Selzle K, Kampf CJ, Lucas K et al. Air pollution and climate change effects on allergies in the anthropocene: abundance, interaction, and modification of allergens and adjuvants. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51 (8): 4119–41. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04908
12. Lang-Yona N, Shuster-Meiseles T, Mazar Y et al. Impact of urban air pollution on the allergenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia: outdoor exposure study supported by laboratory experiments. Sci Total Environ 2016; 15: 365–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.058
13. Nevalainen A, Täubel M, Hyvärinen A. Indoor fungi: companions and contaminants. Indoor Air 2015; 25 (2): 125–56. DOI: 10.1111/ina.12182
14. Fukutomi Y, Taniguchi M. Sensitization to fungal allergens: Resolved and unresolved issues. Allergol Int 2015; 64 (4): 321–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.05.007
15. Thacher JD, Gruzieva O, Pershagen G et al. Mold and dampness exposure and allergic outcomes from birth to adolescence: data from the BAMSE cohort. Allergy 2017; 72 (6): 967–74. DOI: 10.1111/all.13102
16. Reponen T, Vesper S, Levin L et al. High environmental relative moldiness index during infancy as a predictor of asthma at 7 years of age. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 107 (2): 120–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.04.018
17. Karvonen AM, Hyvarinen A, Korppi M et al. Moisture damage and asthma: a birth cohort study. Pediatrics 2015; 135 (3): e598-606. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1239
18. Ara K, Aihara M, Ojima M et al. Survey of fungal contamination in ordinary houses in Japan. Allergol Int 2004; 53: 369e77
19. Twaroch TE, Arcalis E, Sterflinger K et al. Predominant localization of the major Alternaria allergen Alt a 1 in the cell wall of airborne spores. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129 (4): 1148-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.008
20. Randriamanantany ZA, Annesi-Maesano I, Moreau D et al. Alternaria sensitization and allergic rhinitis with or without asthma in the French Six Cities study. Allergy 2010; 65 (3): 368–75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02210.x
21. Fernandez C, Bevilacqua E, Fernandez N et al. Asthma related to Alternaria sensitization: an analysis of skin-test and serum-specific IgE efficiency based on the bronchial provocation test. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41 (5): 649–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03645.x
22. Behbod B, Sordillo JE, Hoffman EB et al. Wheeze in infancy: protection associated with yeasts in house dust contrasts with increased risk associated with yeasts in indoor air and other fungal taxa. Allergy 2013; 68 (11): 1410–8. DOI: 10.1111/all.12254
23. Nambu M, Kouno H, Aihara-Tanaka M et al. Detection of fungi in indoor environments and fungus-specific IgE sensitization in allergic children. World Allergy Organ J 2009; 2 (9): 208–12. DOI: 10.1097/WOX.0b013e3181ba7daf
24. Meng J, Barnes CS, Rosenwasser LJ. Identity of the fungal species present in the homes of asthmatic children. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42 (10): 1448–58. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04001.x
25. Simon-Nobbe B, Denk U, Poll V et al. The spectrum of fungal allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 145: 58e86.
26. Bundy KW, Gent JF, Beckett W et al. Household airborne Penicillium associated with peak expiratory flow variability in asthmatic children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 103 (1): 26–30. DOI: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60139-1
27. Reponen T, Lockey J, Bernstein DI et al. Infant origins of childhood asthma associated with specific molds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130 (3): 639–44.e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.030
28. Sharpe R, Thornton CR, Osborne NJ. Modifiable factors governing indoor fungal diversity and risk of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44 (5): 631–41. DOI: 10.1111/cea.12281
29. Gent JF, Kezik JM, Hill ME et al. Household mold and dust allergens: exposure, sensitization and childhood asthma morbidity. Environ Res 2012; 118: 86–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.005
30. Kurup VP, Banerjee B, Hemmann S et al. Selected recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus allergens bind specifically to IgE in ABPA. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30: 988e93.
31. Bousquet PJ, Chinn S, Janson C et al. Geographical variation in the prevalence of positive skin tests to environmental aeroallergens in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I. Allergy 2007; 62: 301e9.
32. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108: S147–334.
33. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008; 63 (Suppl. 86): 8–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x
34. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64 (4): 383–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026
35. Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY et al. Clinical practice guideline: Allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 152 (2): 197–206. DOI: 10.1177/0194599814562166
36. Katelaris CH, Lee BW, Potter PC et al. Prevalence and diversity of allergic rhinitis in regions of the world beyond Europe and North America. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42 (2): 186–207. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03891.x
37. Leynaert B, Bousquet J, Neukirch C et al. Perennial rhinitis: An independent risk factor for asthma in nonatopic subjects: Results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104: 301–4.
38. Reijula K, Leino M, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H et al. IgE-mediated allergy to fungal allergens in Finland with special reference to Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003; 91: 280–7.
39. Koskinen OM, Husman TM, Meklin TM, Nevalainen AI. The relationship between moisture or mould observations in houses and the state of health of their occupants. Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 1363–7.
40. Su HJ, Rotnitzky A, Burge HA, Spengler JD. Examination of fungi in domestic interiors by using factor analysis: correlations and associations with home factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58: 181–6.
41. Torres-Rodriguez JM, Pulido-Marrero Z, Vera-Garcia Y. Respiratory allergy to fungi in Barcelona, Spain: clinical aspects,diagnosisandspecifictreatmentinageneralallergy unit. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2012; 40 (5): 295–300. DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.09.003
42. Katzenstein AL, Sale SR, Greenberger PA. Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis: a newly recognized form of sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983; 72: 89e93.
43. Silva MP, Baroody FM. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 110 (4): 217–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.12.021
44. Bent JP, Kuhn FA. Diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis. Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery 1994; 111: 580e588.
45. Marfani MS, Jawaid MA, Shaikh SM, Thaheem K. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis with skull base and orbital erosion. J Laryngol Otol 2010; 124 (2): 161–5. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215109991253
46. Bozeman S, de Shazo R, Stringer S, Wright L. Complications of allergic fungal sinusitis. Am J Med 2011; 124 (4): 359–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.12.005
47. Cohen M, Kofonow J, Nayak JV et al. Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: a review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2009; 23 (3): 255–60. DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3319
48. Foreman A, Wormald PJ. Different biofilms, different disease? A clinical outcomes study. Laryngoscope 2010; 120 (8): 1701–6. DOI: 10.1002/lary.21024
49. Keir J, Pedelty L, Swift AC. Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review and suggestions for future research. J Laryngol Otol 2011; 125 (4): 331–7. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215111000016
50. Wiesmüller GA, Heinzow B, Aurbach U et al. Abridged version of the AWMF guideline for the medical clinical diagnostics of indoor mould exposure. Allergo J Int 2017; 26 (5): 168–193. DOI: 10.1007/s40629-017-0013-3
51. Ильина Н.И., Курбачева О.М., Павлова К.С., Польнер С.А. Аллергический ринит. Клинические рекомендации РААКИ. М., 2018. http://nrcii.ru/docs/2.allergic_rhinitis.pdf / Ilina N.I., Kurbacheva O.M., Pavlova K.S., Pol'ner S.A. Allergicheskii rinit. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii RAAKI. M., 2018. http://nrcii.ru/docs/2.allergic_rhinitis.pdf [in Russian]
52. Dales R, Ruest K, Guay M et al. Residential fungal growth and incidence of acute respiratory illness during the first two years of life. Environ Res 2010; 110 (7): 692–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.07.007
53. Thorp BD, McKinney KA, Rose A, Ebert CS. Allergic Fungal Sinusitis in Children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012; 45 (3): 631–42, VIII. DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2012.03.003
54. Fokkens WJ, van Drunen C, Georgalas C, Ebbens F. Role of fungi in pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: the hypothesis rejected. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 20 (1): 19–23. DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32834e9084
55. Larenas-Linnemann D, Baxi S, Phipatanakul W, Portnoy JM. Clinical Evaluation and Management of Patients With Suspected Fungus Sensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2016; 4 (3): 405–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.015

________________________________________________

1. Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140 (4): 950–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050
2. Blackwell M. The fungi: 1, 2, 3 ... 5.1 million species? Am J Bot 2011; 98 (3): 426–38. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000298
3. Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Ryberg M et al. Global biogeography of the ectomycorrhizal/sebacina lineage (fungi, Sebacinales) as revealed from comparative phylogenetic analyses. Mol Ecol 2014; 23 (16): 4168–83. DOI: 10.1111/mec.12849
4. Baxi SN, Portnoy JM, Larenas-Linnemann D, Phipatanakul W. Exposure and Health Effects of Fungi on Humans. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2016; 4 (3): 396–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.01.008
5. Pashley CH, Fairs A, Free RC, Wardlaw AJ. DNA analysis of outdoor air reveals a high degree of fungal diversity, temporal variability, and genera not seen by spore morphology. Fungal Biol 2012; 116 (2): 214–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.004
6. Barnes C, Schreiber K, Pacheco F et al. Comparison of outdoor allergenic particles and allergen levels. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000; 84: 47–54.
7. Pulimood TB, Corden JM, Bryden C et al. Epidemic asthma and the role of the fungal mold Alternaria alternata. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 610–7.
8. Targonski PV, Persky VW, Ramekrishnan V. Effect of environmental molds on risk of death from asthma during the pollen season. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95: 955–61.
9. Chao HJ, Milton DK, Schwartz J, Burge HA. Dustborne fungi in large office buildings. Mycopathologia 2002; 154: 93–106.
10. Damialis A, Mohammad AB, Halley JM, Gange AC. Fungi in a changing world: growth rates will be elevated, but spore production may decrease in future climates. Int J Biometeorol 2015; 59 (9): 1157–67. DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0927-0
11. Reinmuth-Selzle K, Kampf CJ, Lucas K et al. Air pollution and climate change effects on allergies in the anthropocene: abundance, interaction, and modification of allergens and adjuvants. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51 (8): 4119–41. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04908
12. Lang-Yona N, Shuster-Meiseles T, Mazar Y et al. Impact of urban air pollution on the allergenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia: outdoor exposure study supported by laboratory experiments. Sci Total Environ 2016; 15: 365–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.058
13. Nevalainen A, Täubel M, Hyvärinen A. Indoor fungi: companions and contaminants. Indoor Air 2015; 25 (2): 125–56. DOI: 10.1111/ina.12182
14. Fukutomi Y, Taniguchi M. Sensitization to fungal allergens: Resolved and unresolved issues. Allergol Int 2015; 64 (4): 321–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.05.007
15. Thacher JD, Gruzieva O, Pershagen G et al. Mold and dampness exposure and allergic outcomes from birth to adolescence: data from the BAMSE cohort. Allergy 2017; 72 (6): 967–74. DOI: 10.1111/all.13102
16. Reponen T, Vesper S, Levin L et al. High environmental relative moldiness index during infancy as a predictor of asthma at 7 years of age. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 107 (2): 120–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.04.018
17. Karvonen AM, Hyvarinen A, Korppi M et al. Moisture damage and asthma: a birth cohort study. Pediatrics 2015; 135 (3): e598-606. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1239
18. Ara K, Aihara M, Ojima M et al. Survey of fungal contamination in ordinary houses in Japan. Allergol Int 2004; 53: 369e77
19. Twaroch TE, Arcalis E, Sterflinger K et al. Predominant localization of the major Alternaria allergen Alt a 1 in the cell wall of airborne spores. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129 (4): 1148-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.008
20. Randriamanantany ZA, Annesi-Maesano I, Moreau D et al. Alternaria sensitization and allergic rhinitis with or without asthma in the French Six Cities study. Allergy 2010; 65 (3): 368–75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02210.x
21. Fernandez C, Bevilacqua E, Fernandez N et al. Asthma related to Alternaria sensitization: an analysis of skin-test and serum-specific IgE efficiency based on the bronchial provocation test. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41 (5): 649–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03645.x
22. Behbod B, Sordillo JE, Hoffman EB et al. Wheeze in infancy: protection associated with yeasts in house dust contrasts with increased risk associated with yeasts in indoor air and other fungal taxa. Allergy 2013; 68 (11): 1410–8. DOI: 10.1111/all.12254
23. Nambu M, Kouno H, Aihara-Tanaka M et al. Detection of fungi in indoor environments and fungus-specific IgE sensitization in allergic children. World Allergy Organ J 2009; 2 (9): 208–12. DOI: 10.1097/WOX.0b013e3181ba7daf
24. Meng J, Barnes CS, Rosenwasser LJ. Identity of the fungal species present in the homes of asthmatic children. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42 (10): 1448–58. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04001.x
25. Simon-Nobbe B, Denk U, Poll V et al. The spectrum of fungal allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 145: 58e86.
26. Bundy KW, Gent JF, Beckett W et al. Household airborne Penicillium associated with peak expiratory flow variability in asthmatic children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 103 (1): 26–30. DOI: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60139-1
27. Reponen T, Lockey J, Bernstein DI et al. Infant origins of childhood asthma associated with specific molds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130 (3): 639–44.e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.030
28. Sharpe R, Thornton CR, Osborne NJ. Modifiable factors governing indoor fungal diversity and risk of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44 (5): 631–41. DOI: 10.1111/cea.12281
29. Gent JF, Kezik JM, Hill ME et al. Household mold and dust allergens: exposure, sensitization and childhood asthma morbidity. Environ Res 2012; 118: 86–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.005
30. Kurup VP, Banerjee B, Hemmann S et al. Selected recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus allergens bind specifically to IgE in ABPA. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30: 988e93.
31. Bousquet PJ, Chinn S, Janson C et al. Geographical variation in the prevalence of positive skin tests to environmental aeroallergens in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I. Allergy 2007; 62: 301e9.
32. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108: S147–334.
33. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008; 63 (Suppl. 86): 8–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x
34. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64 (4): 383–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026
35. Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY et al. Clinical practice guideline: Allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 152 (2): 197–206. DOI: 10.1177/0194599814562166
36. Katelaris CH, Lee BW, Potter PC et al. Prevalence and diversity of allergic rhinitis in regions of the world beyond Europe and North America. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42 (2): 186–207. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03891.x
37. Leynaert B, Bousquet J, Neukirch C et al. Perennial rhinitis: An independent risk factor for asthma in nonatopic subjects: Results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104: 301–4.
38. Reijula K, Leino M, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H et al. IgE-mediated allergy to fungal allergens in Finland with special reference to Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003; 91: 280–7.
39. Koskinen OM, Husman TM, Meklin TM, Nevalainen AI. The relationship between moisture or mould observations in houses and the state of health of their occupants. Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 1363–7.
40. Su HJ, Rotnitzky A, Burge HA, Spengler JD. Examination of fungi in domestic interiors by using factor analysis: correlations and associations with home factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58: 181–6.
41. Torres-Rodriguez JM, Pulido-Marrero Z, Vera-Garcia Y. Respiratory allergy to fungi in Barcelona, Spain: clinical aspects,diagnosisandspecifictreatmentinageneralallergy unit. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2012; 40 (5): 295–300. DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.09.003
42. Katzenstein AL, Sale SR, Greenberger PA. Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis: a newly recognized form of sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983; 72: 89e93.
43. Silva MP, Baroody FM. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 110 (4): 217–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.12.021
44. Bent JP, Kuhn FA. Diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis. Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery 1994; 111: 580e588.
45. Marfani MS, Jawaid MA, Shaikh SM, Thaheem K. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis with skull base and orbital erosion. J Laryngol Otol 2010; 124 (2): 161–5. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215109991253
46. Bozeman S, de Shazo R, Stringer S, Wright L. Complications of allergic fungal sinusitis. Am J Med 2011; 124 (4): 359–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.12.005
47. Cohen M, Kofonow J, Nayak JV et al. Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: a review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2009; 23 (3): 255–60. DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3319
48. Foreman A, Wormald PJ. Different biofilms, different disease? A clinical outcomes study. Laryngoscope 2010; 120 (8): 1701–6. DOI: 10.1002/lary.21024
49. Keir J, Pedelty L, Swift AC. Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review and suggestions for future research. J Laryngol Otol 2011; 125 (4): 331–7. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215111000016
50. Wiesmüller GA, Heinzow B, Aurbach U et al. Abridged version of the AWMF guideline for the medical clinical diagnostics of indoor mould exposure. Allergo J Int 2017; 26 (5): 168–193. DOI: 10.1007/s40629-017-0013-3
51.  Ilina N.I., Kurbacheva O.M., Pavlova K.S., Pol'ner S.A. Allergicheskii rinit. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii RAAKI. M., 2018. http://nrcii.ru/docs/2.allergic_rhinitis.pdf [in Russian]
52. Dales R, Ruest K, Guay M et al. Residential fungal growth and incidence of acute respiratory illness during the first two years of life. Environ Res 2010; 110 (7): 692–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.07.007
53. Thorp BD, McKinney KA, Rose A, Ebert CS. Allergic Fungal Sinusitis in Children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012; 45 (3): 631–42, VIII. DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2012.03.003
54. Fokkens WJ, van Drunen C, Georgalas C, Ebbens F. Role of fungi in pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: the hypothesis rejected. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 20 (1): 19–23. DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32834e9084
55. Larenas-Linnemann D, Baxi S, Phipatanakul W, Portnoy JM. Clinical Evaluation and Management of Patients With Suspected Fungus Sensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2016; 4 (3): 405–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.015

Е.Е.Варламов*, А.Н.Пампура, А.И.Асманов

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И.Пирогова» Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1
*varlamov80@mail.ru

________________________________________________

E.E.Varlamov*, A.N.Pampura, A.I.Asmanov

N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 
117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Ostrovitianova, d. 1 
*varlamov80@mail.ru