Основные проблемы метаболического контроля у детей с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа
Основные проблемы метаболического контроля у детей с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа
Филина Н.Ю., Болотова Н.В., Поляков В.К., Дронова Е.Г. Основные проблемы метаболического контроля у детей с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 3: 99–103. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2019.3.190566
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Filina N.Yu., Bolotova N.V., Polyakov V.K., Dronova E.G. Key problems of metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 3: 99–103.
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2019.3.190566
Основные проблемы метаболического контроля у детей с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа
Филина Н.Ю., Болотова Н.В., Поляков В.К., Дронова Е.Г. Основные проблемы метаболического контроля у детей с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 3: 99–103. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2019.3.190566
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Filina N.Yu., Bolotova N.V., Polyakov V.K., Dronova E.G. Key problems of metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 3: 99–103.
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2019.3.190566
Актуальность. Целью лечения сахарного диабета 1-го типа (СД 1) является достижение оптимального метаболического контроля. В управлении диабетом пациент играет главную роль, поэтому важно научить его правилам инсулинотерапии, самоконтроля. Существует ряд трудностей в терапевтическом контроле диабета у детей и подростков. Цель. Анализ факторов, препятствующих достижению компенсации СД 1 у детей. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ течения диабета 300 детей с СД 1 в возрасте 3–18 лет в зависимости от возраста, продолжительности диабета, социальных факторов, поведения в отношении самоконтроля, лечения и уровня знаний о диабете. Заключение. Основной причиной хронической декомпенсации у большинства пациентов с СД 1 является недостаток знаний, приводящий к низкой частоте самоконтроля, недостаточной коррекции инсулинотерапии и высокой частоте нарушений техники инъекции инсулина. Социальное неблагополучие семьи является дополнительным фактором декомпенсации диабета у ребенка и требует особого внимания со стороны врача и социальных служб. Неадекватный контроль гликемии и пропуски инъекций инсулина в школе нарушают компенсацию диабета. Использование современных технологий самоконтроля гликемии с возможностью удаленного мониторинга и обучения может существенно способствовать улучшению компенсации диабета. Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет 1-го типа, дети, подростки, метаболический контроль, обучение.
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Objective. The goal of the treatment of type 1 diabetes is to achieve optimal metabolic control. The patient plays a main role in this. Therefore, it is important to teach the patient the rules of insulin therapy, self-control. There are a number of difficulties in the therapeutic control of diabetes in children and adolescents. Therefore, optimization of self-control and therapy using modern technologies in children's practice of treating diabetes is relevant and has great practical value. Aim. To assess the factors that prevent the achievement of compensation for type 1 diabetes in children. Materials and methods. An analysis of the course of diabetes was carried out for 300 children with type 1 diabetes aged 3–18 years depending on age, duration of diabetes, social factors, behavior regarding self-control and treatment and level of knowledge of diabetes. Conclusion. The main reason for the chronic decompensation in most patients with type 1 diabetes is a lack of knowledge leading to a low frequency of self-control, a lack of adequate correction of insulin therapy, and a high incidence of insulin injection technique violations. The social disadvantage of the family is an additional factor in the decompensation of diabetes in the child and requires special attention from the doctor and social services. Inadequate glycemic control and missed insulin injections while in school violate diabetes compensation. The use of modern technologies for self-control of glycemia with the possibility of remote monitoring and training can significantly contribute to improving diabetes compensation. Key words: type 1 diabetes, children, adolescents, metabolic control, education.
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[Filina N.Yu., Bolotova N.V., Skuchaeva L.V. Subkompensatsiia i dekompensatsiia uglevodnogo obmena u detei s sakharnym diabetom 1 tipa. Biulleten' sibirskoi meditsiny. 2016; 15 (4): 104–10 (in Russian).]
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1. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: diabetes control and complications trial. J Pediatr 1994; 125 (2): 177–88.
2. Filina N.Yu. Sakharnyi diabet 1-go tipa u detei i podrostkov: lechenie, reabilitatsiia, kachestvo zhizni. Dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. Moscow, 2015 (in Russian).
3.Ametov A.S., Valitov B.I., Chernikova N.A. Terapevticheskoe obuchenie bol'nykh: proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee. Sakharnyi diabet. 2012; 1 (1): 71–7 (in Russian).
4. Martin D, Lange K, Sima A. On behalf of the SWEET group. Recommendations for age-appr Recommendations for age-appropriate education of children and adolescents with diabetes and their parents in the European Union. Pediatr Diabetes 2012; 13 (Suppl. 16): 20–8.
5. DiMeglio LA, Acerini CL, Codner E. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Glycemic control targets and glucose monitoring for children, adolescents, and young adults with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018;19 (Suppl. 27): 105–14.
6. Grassi G, Scuntero P, Trepiccioni R Optimizing insulin injection technique and its effect on blood glucose control. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2014; 1 (4): 145–50.
7. Frid AH, Hirsch LJ, Menchior AR. Worldwide Injection Technique Questionnaire Study: Injecting Complications and the Role of the Professional. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91 (9): 1224–30.
8. Misnikova IV, Gubkina VA, Lakeeva TS, Dreval AV. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Proper Insulin Injection Technique Training on Glycemic Control. Diabetes Ther 2017; 8 (6): 1309–18.
9. Shiraiwa T, Kaneto H, Miyatsuka T Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important predictor of the incidence of diabetic microangiopathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 336 (1): 339–45.
10. Filina N.Yu., Bolotova N.V., Skuchaeva L.V. Subkompensatsiia i dekompensatsiia uglevodnogo obmena u detei s sakharnym diabetom 1 tipa. Biulleten' sibirskoi meditsiny. 2016; 15 (4): 104–10 (in Russian).
11. Bailey T. Accuracy and User Performance Evaluation of a New, Wireless-enabled Blood Glucose Monitoring System That Links to a Smart Mobile Device. J Diabet Sci Technol 2017; 11 (4): 736–43.
12. El-Gayar O, Timsina P, Nawar N, Eid W. Mobile applications for diabetes self-management: status and potential. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2013; 7 (1): 247–62.