Острый стенозирующий ларинготрахеит у детей. Диагностика и неотложная терапия
Блохин Б.М., Лобушкова И.П., Прохорова А.Д., Суюндукова А.С. Острый стенозирующий ларинготрахеит у детей. Диагностика и неотложная терапия. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 4: 18–22. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2019.4.190738
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Blokhin B.M., Lobushkova I.P., Prokhorova A.D., Suyundukova A.S. Acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in children. Diagnosis and emergency treatment. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 4: 18–22. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2019.4.190738
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Ключевые слова: вирусный круп, острый стенозирующий ларинготрахеит, глюкокортикостероиды, неотложная терапия, дети.
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Acute respiratory failure in children is an urgent problem of modern emergency pediatrics. Their share in the structure of primary morbidity is about 60%. More than 25 million cases of respiratory organ diseases are registered annually in Russia among the children. Viral croup is one of the most frequent causes of the respiratory distress in young children. It is represented by a swelling of the mucous membrane of the lining of the larynx, accompanied by characteristic clinical symptoms: an inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, a rough "barking" cough. The article shows the features of clinical manifestations, methods for diagnosing acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, as well as supporting diagnostic criteria for alternative diseases that occur with stridor present. Urgent measures for croup treatment are aimed at the most rapid restoration of respiratory function possible as well as the improvement of the patient's condition, prevention of progression of laryngeal stenosis. The drug of choice in emergency treatment of croup are glucocorticosteroids – in inhaled, oral or parenteral forms. In cases of severe stenosis, epinephrine inhalations prove quite effective. The timely provision of qualified prehospital care is an important condition for optimizing the treatment of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, which helps to prevent deterioration, reduce the incidence of complications, as well as the duration of inpatient treatment, and in some cases avoid hospitalization.
Key words: viral croup, acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, glucocorticosteroids, emergency treatment, children.
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1. Emergency pediatrics: national guideline. Ed. B.M.Blokhin. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2017 (in Russian).
2. Croup in children (acute obstructive laryngitis). Clinical guidelines. Clinical and emergency pediatrics. 2015; 1: 103–10 (in Russian).
3. Polyakova A.S., Bakradze M.D., Tatochenko V.K. Croup syndrome in children: prejudices and evidence-based medicine. Farmateka. 2018; 1: 15–22 (in Russian).
4. Pawelczyk M., Kowalski M. The Role of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections in the Immunopathology of the Respiratory Tract. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17 (3): 16.
5. Wall SR, Wat D, Spiller OB et al. The viral aetiology of croup and recurrent croup. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94 (5): 359–60.
6. Blokhin B.M. Diseases of the respiratory system in children. Practical guidance on childhood diseases. V. 9. Ed. B.M.Blokhin. Moscow: Medpraktika, 2007 (in Russian).
7. Blokhin B.M., Lobushkova I.P., Gavryutina I.V., Suyundukova A.S. Acute conditions in children with respiratory diseases. Kremlin Medicine Journal. 2019; 3: 125–34. (in Russian)..
8. Darras K, Roston A, Yewchuk L. Imaging Acute Airway Obstruction in Infants and Children. Radiographics 2015; 35 (7): 2064–79.
9. Ovsyannikov D.Yu., Kuzmenko L.G., Alekseeva O.V. Viral and recurrent croup in children. Medical advice. 2019; 2: 100–5 (in Russian).
10. Tibballs J, Watson T. Symptoms and signs differentiating croup and epiglottitis. J Paediatr Child Health 2011; 47 (3): 77–82.
11. Russell K, Liang Y, O’Gorman K et al. Glucocorticoids for croup. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 1: CD001955.
12. Cutrera R, Baraldi E, Indinnimeo L et al. Management of acute respiratory diseases in the pediatric population: the role of oral corticosteroids. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43 (1): 31.
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*blokhinb@gmail.com
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Boris M. Blokhin*, Irina P. Lobushkova, Anastasia D. Prokhorova, Aliya S. Suyundukova
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*blokhinb@gmail.com