Статья обращает внимание педиатров на две редкие формы бронхолегочной патологии у детей: постинфекционный облитерирующий бронхиолит и гиперсенситивный пневмонит, для которых типичны стойкие или появляющиеся в одних и тех же зонах легких крепитирующие или влажные мелкопузырчатые хрипы. Приведена характеристика каждой из указанных форм патологии, включая этиологию, особенности морфологических изменений легочной ткани, клинические и функциональные проявления заболевания, особенности лечения, течение и прогноз, а также принятые критерии диагностики. На конкретном клиническом примере показана сложность диагностики долевого варианта постинфекционного облитерирующего бронхиолита, обусловленная непостоянством респираторных жалоб, и дифференциальной диагностики с гиперсенситивным пневмонитом, особенно у детей раннего возраста. Динамическое наблюдение за больным с выполнением комплекса необходимых методов исследования и контроля за динамикой процесса позволяет избежать ошибок диагностики и лечения системными стероидами при отсутствии признаков прогрессирования заболевания.
The article draws the attention of pediatricians to two rare forms of bronchopulmonary pathology in children: post-infectious obliterating bronchiolitis and hypersensitive pneumonitis, for which crepitant or moist small bubbling rales are typical persistent or appearing in the same areas of the lungs. The characteristics of each of these forms of pathology, including etiology, features of morphological changes in lung tissue, clinical and functional manifestations of the disease, treatment characteristics, course and prognosis, as well as accepted diagnostic criteria, are given. On a specific clinical example, the complexity of the diagnosis of the lobar variant of post-infectious obliterating bronchiolitis, due to the inconstancy of respiratory complaints, and differential diagnosis with hypersensitive pneumonitis, especially in young children, is shown. Dynamic monitoring of the patient with the implementation of a set of necessary research methods and monitoring the dynamics of the process allows avoiding errors in diagnosis and treatment with systemic steroids in the absence of signs of disease progression.
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2. Castro-Rodriguez JA, Dasszenies C, Garcia M et al. Adenovirus pneumonia in infants and factors for developing bronchiolitis obliterans: a five-year follow-up. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41: 947–53.
3. Murtagh P, Ciubergia V, Viale D et al. Lower respiratory infections by adenovirus in children. Clinical features and risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans and mortality. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44 (5): 450–6.
4. Callaway Z, Kim SH, Kim JV et al. Adenovirus adenovirus with serious pulmonary sequelae in Korean children. Clin Respir J 2011; 5 (2): 92–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2010.00204.x
5. Champs NS, Lasmar LMBF, Camargos PAM et al. Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2011; 87 (3):1678–82.
6. Lobo AL, Guardiano M, Nunes T et al. Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children. Rev Port Pnemol 2007; 13: 495–509.
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[Boitsova E.V. Khronicheskii bronkhiolit u detei. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. Saint Petersburg, 2003. (in Russian).]
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[Spichak T.V. Post-infectious obliterating bronchiolitis in children. Moscow: Nauchnyi mir, 2005 (in Russian).]
10. Makleod WM. Abnormal Transradiancy of One Lung. Thorax 1954; 9: 147–53.
11. Swyer PR, James JCW. A case of unilateral pulmonary emphysema. Thorax 1953; 8: 133–6.
12. Jones MH, Pitresz PM, Stein RT. Post-infections bronchiolitis obliterans. Pediat Pulmonol 2004; 26: 64–5.
13. Mauad T, Dolhnikoff M. São Paulo Bronchiolitis Obliterans Study Group. Histology of childhood bronchiolitis obliterans. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002; 33: 466–74.
14. Rossi SE, Franquet T, Volpacchio M. et al. Tree-in-Bud Pattern at Thin-Section CT of the Lungs: Radiologic-Patologic Overview. Radio Graphics 2005; 25: 789–801.
15. Fischer GB, Sarria ES, Mattiello R et al. Post Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2010; 11: 233–9.
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[Spichak T.V. Exogenous allergic alveolitis. In: Rational pharmacotherapy of childhood diseases; ed. A.A. Baranova, V.V. Volodin, G.A. Samsygina. Moscow: Litterra, 2007; p. 521–7 (in Russian).]
17. Capristo C, Campana G, Galdo F et al. Eosinofilic lung diseases and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In: ERS/handbook Paediatric Respiratory Medicine. 1st ed. Ed. Eber E, Midulla F. 2013; European Respiratory Society; p. 610–8.
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[Tatochenko V.K. Exogenous allergic alveolitis. In: Respiratory diseases in children. Practical guidance. 2nd ed., revised. 2015; p. 304–9 (in Russian).]
19. Hirschmann JV, Pipavath SNJ, Godwin JD. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Historical, Clinical and Radiologic Review. Radiographics 2009; 29 (7): 1921–38. DOI: 10.1148/rg.297095707
20. Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U et al. For the HP Study Group. Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168 (8): 952–8.
21. Clement A, Thouvenin G, Corvol H, Nathan N. Interstitial lung diseases. In: ERS/handbook Paediatric Respiratory Medicine. 1st ed. Ed. Eber E, Midulla F. 2013; European Respiratory Society; p. 587–95.
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1. Santamaria F, Montella S, Cazzato S. Bronchiolitis obliterans. In: ERS/handbook «Paediatric Respiratory Medicine». Ed. Eber E, Midulla F. 2013; European Respiratory Society; p. 570–6.
2. Castro-Rodriguez JA, Dasszenies C, Garcia M et al. Adenovirus pneumonia in infants and factors for developing bronchiolitis obliterans: a five-year follow-up. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41: 947–53.
3. Murtagh P, Ciubergia V, Viale D et al. Lower respiratory infections by adenovirus in children. Clinical features and risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans and mortality. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44 (5): 450–6.
4. Callaway Z, Kim SH, Kim JV et al. Adenovirus adenovirus with serious pulmonary sequelae in Korean children. Clin Respir J 2011; 5 (2): 92–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2010.00204.x
5. Champs NS, Lasmar LMBF, Camargos PAM et al. Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2011; 87 (3):1678–82.
6. Lobo AL, Guardiano M, Nunes T et al. Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children. Rev Port Pnemol 2007; 13: 495–509.
7. Spichak T.V. Khronicheskii bronkhiolit s obliteratsiei u detei. Avtoref. … dis. d-ra med. nauk. Moscow, 1996 (in Russian).
8. Boitsova E.V. Khronicheskii bronkhiolit u detei. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. Saint Petersburg, 2003. (in Russian).
9. Spichak T.V. Post-infectious obliterating bronchiolitis in children. Moscow: Nauchnyi mir, 2005 (in Russian).
10. Makleod WM. Abnormal Transradiancy of One Lung. Thorax 1954; 9: 147–53.
11. Swyer PR, James JCW. A case of unilateral pulmonary emphysema. Thorax 1953; 8: 133–6.
12. Jones MH, Pitresz PM, Stein RT. Post-infections bronchiolitis obliterans. Pediat Pulmonol 2004; 26: 64–5.
13. Mauad T, Dolhnikoff M. São Paulo Bronchiolitis Obliterans Study Group. Histology of childhood bronchiolitis obliterans. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002; 33: 466–74.
14. Rossi SE, Franquet T, Volpacchio M. et al. Tree-in-Bud Pattern at Thin-Section CT of the Lungs: Radiologic-Patologic Overview. Radio Graphics 2005; 25: 789–801.
15. Fischer GB, Sarria ES, Mattiello R et al. Post Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2010; 11: 233–9.
16. Spichak T.V. Exogenous allergic alveolitis. In: Rational pharmacotherapy of childhood diseases; ed. A.A. Baranova, V.V. Volodin, G.A. Samsygina. Moscow: Litterra, 2007; p. 521–7 (in Russian).
17. Capristo C, Campana G, Galdo F et al. Eosinofilic lung diseases and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In: ERS/handbook Paediatric Respiratory Medicine. 1st ed. Ed. Eber E, Midulla F. 2013; European Respiratory Society; p. 610–8.
18. Tatochenko V.K. Exogenous allergic alveolitis. In: Respiratory diseases in children. Practical guidance. 2nd ed., revised. 2015; p. 304–9 (in Russian).
19. Hirschmann JV, Pipavath SNJ, Godwin JD. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Historical, Clinical and Radiologic Review. Radiographics 2009; 29 (7): 1921–38. DOI: 10.1148/rg.297095707
20. Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U et al. For the HP Study Group. Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168 (8): 952–8.
21. Clement A, Thouvenin G, Corvol H, Nathan N. Interstitial lung diseases. In: ERS/handbook Paediatric Respiratory Medicine. 1st ed. Ed. Eber E, Midulla F. 2013; European Respiratory Society; p. 587–95.
Авторы
Т.В. Спичак*, О.В. Кустова
ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*tv.spichak@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Tatiana V. Spichak*, Olga V. Kustova
National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
*tv.spichak@mail.ru