Синкопальные состояния во время сна у ребенка с наследственным синдромом удлиненного интервала QT (клиническое наблюдение)
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.3.200295
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Pshenichnikova I.I., Tvorogova T.M., Zakharova I.N. Syncope during sleep in a child with hereditary long QT syndrome (case report). Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 3: 92–94. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.3.200295
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Ключевые слова: синдром удлиненного интервала QT, синкопальные состояния, брадикардия, тахикардия «пируэт», ранняя манифестация, риск внезапной смерти.
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Genetically determined long QT syndrome is characterized by attacks of loss of consciousness against the background of episodes of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Due to the high risk of sudden cardiac death, timely diagnosis of this pathology is of great importance. In the given clinical observation, the manifestation of the syndrome of an extended QT interval in a 5-year-old boy is described. The manifestations of the disease were short-term episodes of loss of consciousness, which developed during sleep in the morning during the transition of sleep phases: "sleep – wakefulness". Clinically, this was expressed by crying, straining, pallor of the skin, followed by a complete loss of muscle tone and involuntary urination. Examination on a standard electrocardiogram revealed a significant lengthening of the absolute and corrected QT interval. During the daily monitoring of the electrocardiogram, pre-morning paroxysm of frequent ventricular extrasystole was revealed, against which a burst of tachycardia "pirouette" was recorded with a heart rate of 138 beats / min, lasting 8 seconds. The patient was prescribed antiarrhythmic therapy, against the background of which a positive effect was obtained in the form of the disappearance of clinical symptoms, a reduction in the duration of the QT interval (absolute and corrected), the absence of bursts of ventricular tachycardia "pirouette" with repeated daily recordings of the electrocardiogram. Clinical observation demonstrates the need for timely in-depth cardiological examination of patients with syncope.
Key words: long QT interval syndrome, syncope, bradycardia, pirouette tachycardia, early manifestation, risk of sudden death.
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1. Il'darova R.A., Shkol'nikova M.A. Sovremennaia taktika vedeniia patsientov molodogo vozrasta s sindromom udlinennogo intervala QT: ot rannei diagnostiki k implantatsii kardiovertera-defibrilliatora i monitoringu markerov riska vnezapnoi smerti. Sibirskii med. zhurn. 2015; 30 (1) (in Russian).
2. Kobza R et al. Prevalence of long and short QT in a young population of 41,767 predominantly male Swiss conscripts. Heart rhythm 2009; 6 (5): 652–7.
3. Schwartz PJ. Idiopathic long QT syndrome: progress and questions. Am heart j 1985; 109 (2): 399–411.
4. Shkol'nikova M.A., Kharlap M.S., Il'darova R.A. Geneticheski determinirovannye narusheniia ritma serdtsa. Ros. kardiologicheskii zhurn. 2011; 1 (in Russian).
5. Goldenberg I. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Congenital LQTS: Implications for Diagnosis and Risk Stratification. Cardiac Repolarization. Springer, Cham; 2020: p. 141–64.
6. Makarov L.M. Kliniko-elektrokardiograficheskie sindromy s riskom vnezapnoi serdechnoi smerti. Sindrom udlinennogo intervala QT. Med. alfavit. 2016; 3 (30): 12–8 (in Russian).
7. Schwartz PJ et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: gene-specific triggers for life-threatening arrhythmias. Circulation 2001; 103 (1): 89–95.
8. Shkol'nikova M.A., Miklashevich I.M., Kalinin L.A. ECG normative parameters in children and adolescents. Moscow: Association of Pediatric Cardiologists of Russia, 2010 (in Russian).
9. Il'darova R.A., Shkol'nikova M.A. Vrozhdennyi sindrom udlinennogo intervala QT kak proiavlenie pervichnoi elektricheskoi patologii serdtsa. Ros. vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii. 2010; 55 (2) (in Russian).
10. Schwartz PJ et al. Long QT syndrome patients with mutations of the SCN5A and HERG genes have differential responses to Na+ channel blockade and to increases in heart rate: implications for gene-specific therapy. Circulation 1995; 92 (12): 3381–6.
11. Makarov L.M. Holter monitoring. V. 409. 4th edition. Moscow: MEDPRAKTIKA-M, 2017 (in Russian).
12. Moss AJ et al. Effectiveness and limitations of b-blocker therapy in congenital long-QT syndrome. Circulation 2000; 101 (6): 616–23.
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*nivieria@gmail.com
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Irina I. Pshenichnikova*, Tatiana M. Tvorogova, Irina N. Zakharova
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*nivieria@gmail.com