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Острые лихорадочные синдромы у детей
Острые лихорадочные синдромы у детей
Бакрадзе М.Д. Острые лихорадочные синдромы у детей. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 2: 185–192. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2021.2.200963
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2021.2.200963
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DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2021.2.200963
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Инфекционная патология в детском возрасте занимает 1-е место по уровню как заболеваемости, так и смертности. Еще недавно во всем мире (к сожалению, кое-где и сейчас) до 1/4 и более всех появившихся на свет детей не доживали до 5 лет, погибая от инфекций. И то, что сейчас они потеряли свое значение, – заслуга иммунопрофилактики. Лихорадка – самый частый симптом болезни у детей и частый повод для назначения медикаментов. Повышение температуры при инфекции – регуляторный процесс, обусловленный цитокинами. Уровень температуры далеко не всегда коррелирует с тяжестью инфекции Так, неопасные для жизни респираторно-вирусные инфекции протекают часто при более высокой температуре, по крайней мере начальной, чем угрожающая жизни пневмония. Для большинства больных лихорадка не представляет опасности. В статье освещены современные знания о природе высокой лихорадки – выше 38ºС – у детей, рассмотрены рациональные пути диагностики и лечения заболеваний, при которых лихорадка является единственным симптомом, по крайней мере в начале болезни. Освещены основные вопросы необходимости назначения жаропонижающих препаратов. С этой целью использованы данные литературы, полученные методами доказательной медицины и нашедшие отражение в согласованных рекомендациях авторитетных профессиональных обществ.
Ключевые слова: гипертермия, лихорадка, температура, жаропонижающая терапия, ибупрофен
Keywords: hyperthermia, fever, antipyretic therapy, ibuprofen
Ключевые слова: гипертермия, лихорадка, температура, жаропонижающая терапия, ибупрофен
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Keywords: hyperthermia, fever, antipyretic therapy, ibuprofen
Полный текст
Список литературы
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34. Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, et al.; Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children. Management of fever in children: summary of the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines. Clin Ther. 2009;31(8):1826-43.
35. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC; Section on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Committee on Drugs. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):580-7.
36. Green R, Jeena P, Kotze S, et al. Management of acute fever in children: Guideline for community healthcare providers and pharmacists. South Africa Med J. 2013;103(12):948‑54.
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38. Baraff LJ. Management of fever without source in infants and children. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:602.
39. Bass JW, Steele RW, Wittler RR, et al. Antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12:466.
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43. Yo CH, Hsieh PS, Lee SH, et al. Comparison of the test characteristics of procalcitonin to C-reactive protein and leukocytosis for the detection of serious bacterial infections in children presenting with fever without source: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(5):591-600.
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47. Rothrock S, Harper MB, Green SM, et al. Do oral antibiotics prevent meningitis and serious bacterial infections in children with Streptococcus pneumoniae occult bacteriemia? A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 1997;99(3):438-44. DOI:10.1542/peds.99.3.438
48. Huppler AR. Performance of low-risk criteria in the evaluation of young infants with fever: review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):228-33. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewpublication/8157. Accessed: 12.05.2021
2. Uglitskich AK. Therapy of fever in children. Practice of a Pediatrician. 2012;9:64-8 (in Russian)
3. Vertkin AL, Silina EG. Fever: guide for practitioners. Moscow: E, 2017 (in Russian)
4. Geppe NA, Zaitseva OV. Ideas about the mechanisms of fever in children and the principles of antipyretic therapy. Russian Medical Journal. 2003;11(1):31-7 (in Russian)
5. Finkelstein JA, Christiansen CL, Platt R. Fever in pediatric primary care: occurrence, management, and outcomes. Pediatrics. 2000;105:260.
6. Ignatova OA, Menshikova LI, Gozheva AV, Nizovtseva VA. Awareness of parents about fever in children: the view of an ambulance doctor. Family Health – 21 century. 2015;3 (in Russian)
7. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;3:580-7. DOI:10.1542/peds.2010-3852
8. Fugol DS. Increase in body temperature in children and approaches to its correction of breast cancer. Russian Medical Journal. 2013;21(24):1178-82 (in Russian)
9. Kalyuzhnaya LI, Zemlyanoi DA. Violations of heat exchange and fever. Pediatrician. 2015;6(1):124-33 (in Russian)
10. Dvoretsky LI. Feverish patient. Place and use of antipyretics. Russian Medical Journal. 2011;19(18):1-7 (in Russian)
11. Litvitskiy P. Alteration of Thermal Balance: Hyperthermia, Hyperthermic Reactions, Heat Stroke, and Sunstroke. Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(1):96-102 (in Russian)
12. Drozdov VN, Bagdasaryan AA, Serebrova SYu, et al. The optimal choice of an analgesic and antipyretic drug in paediatric practice. Medical Council. 2019;2:106-12 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2019-2-106-112
13. Zakharova IN, Tvorogova TM. The use of antipyretic drugs for fever in children. Questions of Practical Pediatrics. 2013;8(1):63-6 (in Russian)
14. Zakharova IN, Platnikov AL, Tvorogova TM, Kholodova IN. Fever in children: from symptom to diagnosis. Medical Council. 2017;1:212-18 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2017-1-212-218
15. Baranov AA, Tatochenko VK, Bakradze MD. Feverish child. Diagnostic and treatment protocols. Clinical recommendations for pediatricians. Moscow: Pediatr, 2015 (in Russian)
16. Baranov AA, Pediatrics. Ed. AA Baranov. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014 (in Russian)
17. Polyakova AS, Bakradze MD, Tatochenko VK, Gadliya DD. The Meaning of Fever in Children. Current Pediatrics. 2015;14(2):271-5 (in Russian) DOI:10.15690/vsp.v14i2.1297
18. Lokshina EE. Modern view on rational therapy of fever in children. Russian Medical Journal. 2013;21(2):103-7 (in Russian)
19. Melnikova IM, Mizernitsky YuL. Rational use of antipyretics in acute respiratory diseases in children. Medical Council. 2018;2:77-81 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-2-77-81
20. Ploskireva AA. Modern approaches to the treatment of fever in children. Pediatrician's Practice. 2012;12:52-6 (in Russian)
21. Likhoradochnye sindromy u detei: rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu. Ed. AA Baranova, VK Tatochenko, MD Bakradze. Soiuz pediatrov Rossii. 2017 (in Russian)
22. Kotlukov VK, Kazyukova TV, Antipova NV. Rational antipyretic therapy of arvi in children. Medical Council. 2018;17:109‑13 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-17-109-113
23. Zaplat'nikov AL. Modern antipyretic agents in the practice of a pediatrician: issues of effectiveness and safety of breast cancer. Russian Medical Journal. 2011;19(3):156-8 (in Russian)
24. Rozhentsova TA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pediatric practice. Practice Pediatrician. 2013;1:21-5 (in Russian)
25. Autret-Leca E, Gibb IA, Goulder MA. Ibuprofen versus paracetamol in pediatric fever: objective and subjective findings from a randomized, blinded study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(9):2205-11. DOI:10.1185/030079907X223323
26. Pierce CA, Voss B. Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children and adults: a metaanalysis and qualitative review. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(3):489-506. DOI:10.1345/АПХ.1М332
27. Magni AM, Scheffer DK, Bruniera P. Antipyretic effect of ibuprofen and dipyrone in febrile children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(1):36-42.
28. Del Vecchio MT, Sundel ER. Alternating antipyretics: is this an alternative? Pediatrics. 2001;108:1236-7.
29. Baranov AA, Tatochenko VK, Bakradze MD. Feverish child. Diagnostic and treatment protocols (Clinical guidelines for pediatricians series). 3rd ed. Moscow: Pediatr, 2017 (in Russian)
30. Pursell E. Treating fever in children: paracetamol or ibuprofen? Br J Community Nurs. 2002;7:316-20.
31. Pereira GL, Dagostini JMC, da Silva Dal Pizzol T. Alternating antipyretics in the treatment of fever in children: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(4):289-96. DOI:10.2223/JPED.2204
32. Wong T, Stang AS, Ganshorn H, et al. Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD009572.
33. Yue Z, Jiang P, Sun H, Wu J. Association between an excess risk of acute kidney injury and concomitant use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children, retrospective analysis of a spontaneous reporting system. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;70(4): 479-82.
34. Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, et al.; Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children. Management of fever in children: summary of the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines. Clin Ther. 2009;31(8):1826-43.
35. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC; Section on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Committee on Drugs. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):580-7.
36. Green R, Jeena P, Kotze S, et al. Management of acute fever in children: Guideline for community healthcare providers and pharmacists. South Africa Med J. 2013;103(12):948‑54.
37. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Feverish Illness in Children – Assessment and Management in Children Younger than 5 Years. NICE Clinical Guideline, 47. London, UK: NICE, 2007.
38. Baraff LJ. Management of fever without source in infants and children. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:602.
39. Bass JW, Steele RW, Wittler RR, et al. Antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12:466.
40. Baskin M, O’Rurke E, Fleisher G. Outpatient treatment of febrile infants 28–90 days of age with intramuscular certriaxone. J Ped. 1992;120:22-7.
41. Baker MD, Avner J, Bell L. Failure of infant observation scales in detecting se-rious illness in febrile 4–8 week old infants. Pediatrics. 1990;85:1040-3.
42. Craig JC, Williams GJ, Jones M, et al. The accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in young febrile children: prospective cohort study of 15 781 febrile illnesses. BMJ. 2010;340:1594. DOI:10.1136/bmj.c1594
43. Yo CH, Hsieh PS, Lee SH, et al. Comparison of the test characteristics of procalcitonin to C-reactive protein and leukocytosis for the detection of serious bacterial infections in children presenting with fever without source: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(5):591-600.
44. Risk for Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Complex Febrile Seizure. Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2010;2.
45. Clinical Guideline Management of Fever without Focus in Children (excluding neonates). Department for Health and Ageing, Government of South Australia. 2013.
46. Elhassanien AF, Hesham AA, Alrefaee F. Fever without source in infants and young children: dilemma in diagnosis and management. Manag Healthc Policy. 2013;6:7-12. DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S40553
47. Rothrock S, Harper MB, Green SM, et al. Do oral antibiotics prevent meningitis and serious bacterial infections in children with Streptococcus pneumoniae occult bacteriemia? A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 1997;99(3):438-44. DOI:10.1542/peds.99.3.438
48. Huppler AR. Performance of low-risk criteria in the evaluation of young infants with fever: review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):228-33. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewpublication/8157. Accessed: 12.05.2021
2. Углицких А.К. Терапия лихорадочных состояний у детей. Практика педиатра. 2012;9:64-6 [Uglitskich AK. Therapy of fever in children. Practice of a Pediatrician. 2012;9:64-8 (in Russian)].
3. Верткин А.Л., Силина Е.Г. Лихорадка: руководство для практических врачей. М.: Э, 2017 [Vertkin AL, Silina EG. Fever: guide for practitioners. Moscow: E, 2017 (in Russian)].
4. Геппе Н.А., Зайцева О.В. Представления о механизмах лихорадки у детей и принципах жаропонижающей терапии. Рус. мед. журн. 2003;11(1):31-7 [Geppe NA, Zaitseva OV. Ideas about the mechanisms of fever in children and the principles of antipyretic therapy. Russian Medical Journal. 2003;11(1):31-7 (in Russian)].
5. Finkelstein JA, Christiansen CL, Platt R. Fever in pediatric primary care: occurrence, management, and outcomes. Pediatrics. 2000;105:260.
6. Игнатова О.А., Меньшикова Л.И., Гожева А.В., Низовцева В.А. Информированность родителей о лихорадке у детей: взгляд врача скорой помощи. Здоровье семьи – 21 век. 2015;3 [Ignatova OA, Menshikova LI, Gozheva AV, Nizovtseva VA. Awareness of parents about fever in children: the view of an ambulance doctor. Family Health – 21 century. 2015;3 (in Russian)].
7. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;3:580-7. DOI:10.1542/peds.2010-3852
8. Фуголь Д.С. Повышение температуры тела у детей и подходы к ее коррекции. Рус. мед. журн. 2013;21(24):1178-2 [Fugol DS. Increase in body temperature in children and approaches to its correction of breast cancer. Russian Medical Journal. 2013;21(24):1178-82 (in Russian)].
9. Калюжная Л.И., Земляной Д.А. Нарушения теплообмена и лихорадка. Педиатр. 2015;6(1):124-33 [Kalyuzhnaya LI, Zemlyanoi DA. Violations of heat exchange and fever. Pediatrician. 2015;6(1):124-33 (in Russian)].
10. Дворецкий Л.И. Лихорадящий больной. Место и польза антипиретиков. Рус. мед. журн. 2011;19(18):1-7 [Dvoretsky LI. Feverish patient. Place and use of antipyretics. Russian Medical Journal. 2011;19(18):1-7 (in Russian)].
11. Литвицкий П.Ф. Нарушение теплового баланса организма: гипертермия, гипертермические реакции, тепловой удар, солнечный удар. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2010;9(1):96-102 [Litvitskiy P. Alteration of Thermal Balance: Hyperthermia, Hyperthermic Reactions, Heat Stroke, and Sunstroke. Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(1):96-102 (in Russian)].
12. Дроздов В.Н., Багдасарян А.А., Сереброва С.Ю., и др. Оптимальный выбор анальгетического и жаропонижающего препарата в педиатрической практике. Мед. совет. 2019;2:106-12 [Drozdov VN, Bagdasaryan AA, Serebrova SYu, et al. The optimal choice of an analgesic and antipyretic drug in paediatric practice. Medical Council. 2019;2:106-12 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2019-2-106-112
13. Захарова И.Н., Творогова Т.М. Применение жаропонижающих препаратов при лихорадке у детей. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2013;8(1):63-6 [Zakharova IN, Tvorogova TM. The use of antipyretic drugs for fever in children. Questions of Practical Pediatrics. 2013;8(1):63-6 (in Russian)].
14. Захарова И.Н., Заплатников А.Л., Творогова Т.М., Холодова И.Н. Лихорадка у детей: от симптома к диагнозу. Мед. совет. 2017;1:212-8 [Zakharova IN, Platnikov AL, Tvorogova TM, Kholodova IN. Fever in children: from symptom to diagnosis. Medical Council. 2017;1:212-18 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2017-1-212-218
15. Баранов А.А., Таточенко В.К., Бакрадзе М.Д. Лихорадящий ребенок. Протоколы диагностики и лечения. Клинические рекомендации для педиатров. М.: ПедиатрЪ, 2015 [Baranov AA, Tatochenko VK, Bakradze MD. Feverish child. Diagnostic and treatment protocols. Clinical recommendations for pediatricians. Moscow: Pediatr, 2015 (in Russian)].
16. Баранов А.А. Педиатрия. Под ред. А.А. Баранова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014.
[Baranov AA, Pediatrics. Ed. AA Baranov. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014 (in Russian)].
17. Полякова А.С., Бакрадзе М.Д., Таточенко В.К., Гадлия Д.Д. Значение лихорадки у детей. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2015;14(2):271-5 [Polyakova AS, Bakradze MD, Tatochenko VK, Gadliya DD. The Meaning of Fever in Children. Current Pediatrics. 2015;14(2):271-5 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15690/vsp.v14i2.1297
18. Локшина Э.Э. Современный взгляд на рациональную терапию лихорадки у детей. Рус. мед. журн. 2013;21(2):103-7 [Lokshina EE. Modern view on rational therapy of fever in children. Russian Medical Journal. 2013;21(2):103-7 (in Russian)].
19. Мельникова И.М., Мизерницкий Ю.Л. Рациональное применение жаропонижающих средств при острых респираторных заболеваниях у детей. Мед. совет. 2018;2:77-81 [Melnikova IM, Mizernitsky YuL. Rational use of antipyretics in acute respiratory diseases in children. Medical Council. 2018;2:77-81 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-2-77-81
20. Плоскирева А.А. Современные подходы к терапии лихорадочных состояний у детей. Практика педиатра. 2012;12:52-6 [Ploskireva AA. Modern approaches to the treatment of fever in children. Pediatrician's Practice. 2012;12:52-6 (in Russian)].
21. Лихорадочные синдромы у детей: рекомендации по диагностике и лечению. Под ред. А.А. Баранова, В.К. Таточенко, М.Д. Бакрадзе. Союз педиатров России. 2017 [Likhoradochnye sindromy u detei: rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu. Ed. AA Baranova, VK Tatochenko, MD Bakradze. Soiuz pediatrov Rossii. 2017 (in Russian)].
22. Котлуков В.К., Казюкова Т.В., Антипова Н.В. Рациональная жаропонижающая терапия при ОРВИ у детей. Мед. совет. 2018;17:109-13 [Kotlukov VK, Kazyukova TV, Antipova NV. Rational antipyretic therapy of arvi in children. Medical Council. 2018;17:109‑13 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-17-109-113
23. Заплатников А.Л. Современные жаропонижающие средства в практике врача-педиатра: вопросы эффективности и безопасности. Рус. мед. журн. 2011;19(3):156-8 [Zaplat'nikov AL. Modern antipyretic agents in the practice of a pediatrician: issues of effectiveness and safety of breast cancer. Russian Medical Journal. 2011;19(3):156-8 (in Russian)].
24. Руженцова Т.А. Нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты в детской практике. Практика педиатра. 2013;1:21-5 [Rozhentsova TA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pediatric practice. Practice Pediatrician. 2013;1:21-5 (in Russian)].
25. Autret-Leca E, Gibb IA, Goulder MA. Ibuprofen versus paracetamol in pediatric fever: objective and subjective findings from a randomized, blinded study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(9):2205-11. DOI:10.1185/030079907X223323
26. Pierce CA, Voss B. Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children and adults: a metaanalysis and qualitative review. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(3):489-506. DOI:10.1345/АПХ.1М332
27. Magni AM, Scheffer DK, Bruniera P. Antipyretic effect of ibuprofen and dipyrone in febrile children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(1):36-42.
28. Del Vecchio MT, Sundel ER. Alternating antipyretics: is this an alternative? Pediatrics. 2001;108:1236-7.
29. Баранов А.А., Таточенко В.К., Бакрадзе М.Д. Лихорадящий ребенок. Протоколы диагностики и лечения (серия «Клинические рекомендации для педиатров»). 3-е изд. М.: Педиатръ, 2017 [Baranov AA, Tatochenko VK, Bakradze MD. Feverish child. Diagnostic and treatment protocols (Clinical guidelines for pediatricians series). 3rd ed. Moscow: Pediatr, 2017 (in Russian)].
30. Pursell E. Treating fever in children: paracetamol or ibuprofen? Br J Community Nurs. 2002;7:316-20.
31. Pereira GL, Dagostini JMC, da Silva Dal Pizzol T. Alternating antipyretics in the treatment of fever in children: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(4):289-96. DOI:10.2223/JPED.2204
32. Wong T, Stang AS, Ganshorn H, et al. Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD009572.
33. Yue Z, Jiang P, Sun H, Wu J. Association between an excess risk of acute kidney injury and concomitant use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children, retrospective analysis of a spontaneous reporting system. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;70(4): 479-82.
34. Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, et al.; Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children. Management of fever in children: summary of the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines. Clin Ther. 2009;31(8):1826-43.
35. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC; Section on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Committee on Drugs. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):580-7.
36. Green R, Jeena P, Kotze S, et al. Management of acute fever in children: Guideline for community healthcare providers and pharmacists. South Africa Med J. 2013;103(12):948‑54.
37. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Feverish Illness in Children – Assessment and Management in Children Younger than 5 Years. NICE Clinical Guideline, 47. London, UK: NICE, 2007.
38. Baraff LJ. Management of fever without source in infants and children. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:602.
39. Bass JW, Steele RW, Wittler RR, et al. Antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12:466.
40. Baskin M, O’Rurke E, Fleisher G. Outpatient treatment of febrile infants 28–90 days of age with intramuscular certriaxone. J Ped. 1992;120:22-7.
41. Baker MD, Avner J, Bell L. Failure of infant observation scales in detecting se-rious illness in febrile 4–8 week old infants. Pediatrics. 1990;85:1040-3.
42. Craig JC, Williams GJ, Jones M, et al. The accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in young febrile children: prospective cohort study of 15 781 febrile illnesses. BMJ. 2010;340:1594. DOI:10.1136/bmj.c1594
43. Yo CH, Hsieh PS, Lee SH, et al. Comparison of the test characteristics of procalcitonin to C-reactive protein and leukocytosis for the detection of serious bacterial infections in children presenting with fever without source: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(5):591-600.
44. Risk for Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Complex Febrile Seizure. Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2010;2.
45. Clinical Guideline Management of Fever without Focus in Children (excluding neonates). Department for Health and Ageing, Government of South Australia. 2013.
46. Elhassanien AF, Hesham AA, Alrefaee F. Fever without source in infants and young children: dilemma in diagnosis and management. Manag Healthc Policy. 2013;6:7-12. DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S40553
47. Rothrock S, Harper MB, Green SM, et al. Do oral antibiotics prevent meningitis and serious bacterial infections in children with Streptococcus pneumoniae occult bacteriemia? A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 1997;99(3):438-44. DOI:10.1542/peds.99.3.438
48. Huppler AR. Performance of low-risk criteria in the evaluation of young infants with fever: review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):228-33. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewpublication/8157. Accessed: 12.05.2021
________________________________________________
2. Uglitskich AK. Therapy of fever in children. Practice of a Pediatrician. 2012;9:64-8 (in Russian)
3. Vertkin AL, Silina EG. Fever: guide for practitioners. Moscow: E, 2017 (in Russian)
4. Geppe NA, Zaitseva OV. Ideas about the mechanisms of fever in children and the principles of antipyretic therapy. Russian Medical Journal. 2003;11(1):31-7 (in Russian)
5. Finkelstein JA, Christiansen CL, Platt R. Fever in pediatric primary care: occurrence, management, and outcomes. Pediatrics. 2000;105:260.
6. Ignatova OA, Menshikova LI, Gozheva AV, Nizovtseva VA. Awareness of parents about fever in children: the view of an ambulance doctor. Family Health – 21 century. 2015;3 (in Russian)
7. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;3:580-7. DOI:10.1542/peds.2010-3852
8. Fugol DS. Increase in body temperature in children and approaches to its correction of breast cancer. Russian Medical Journal. 2013;21(24):1178-82 (in Russian)
9. Kalyuzhnaya LI, Zemlyanoi DA. Violations of heat exchange and fever. Pediatrician. 2015;6(1):124-33 (in Russian)
10. Dvoretsky LI. Feverish patient. Place and use of antipyretics. Russian Medical Journal. 2011;19(18):1-7 (in Russian)
11. Litvitskiy P. Alteration of Thermal Balance: Hyperthermia, Hyperthermic Reactions, Heat Stroke, and Sunstroke. Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(1):96-102 (in Russian)
12. Drozdov VN, Bagdasaryan AA, Serebrova SYu, et al. The optimal choice of an analgesic and antipyretic drug in paediatric practice. Medical Council. 2019;2:106-12 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2019-2-106-112
13. Zakharova IN, Tvorogova TM. The use of antipyretic drugs for fever in children. Questions of Practical Pediatrics. 2013;8(1):63-6 (in Russian)
14. Zakharova IN, Platnikov AL, Tvorogova TM, Kholodova IN. Fever in children: from symptom to diagnosis. Medical Council. 2017;1:212-18 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2017-1-212-218
15. Baranov AA, Tatochenko VK, Bakradze MD. Feverish child. Diagnostic and treatment protocols. Clinical recommendations for pediatricians. Moscow: Pediatr, 2015 (in Russian)
16. Baranov AA, Pediatrics. Ed. AA Baranov. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014 (in Russian)
17. Polyakova AS, Bakradze MD, Tatochenko VK, Gadliya DD. The Meaning of Fever in Children. Current Pediatrics. 2015;14(2):271-5 (in Russian) DOI:10.15690/vsp.v14i2.1297
18. Lokshina EE. Modern view on rational therapy of fever in children. Russian Medical Journal. 2013;21(2):103-7 (in Russian)
19. Melnikova IM, Mizernitsky YuL. Rational use of antipyretics in acute respiratory diseases in children. Medical Council. 2018;2:77-81 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-2-77-81
20. Ploskireva AA. Modern approaches to the treatment of fever in children. Pediatrician's Practice. 2012;12:52-6 (in Russian)
21. Likhoradochnye sindromy u detei: rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu. Ed. AA Baranova, VK Tatochenko, MD Bakradze. Soiuz pediatrov Rossii. 2017 (in Russian)
22. Kotlukov VK, Kazyukova TV, Antipova NV. Rational antipyretic therapy of arvi in children. Medical Council. 2018;17:109‑13 (in Russian) DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-17-109-113
23. Zaplat'nikov AL. Modern antipyretic agents in the practice of a pediatrician: issues of effectiveness and safety of breast cancer. Russian Medical Journal. 2011;19(3):156-8 (in Russian)
24. Rozhentsova TA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pediatric practice. Practice Pediatrician. 2013;1:21-5 (in Russian)
25. Autret-Leca E, Gibb IA, Goulder MA. Ibuprofen versus paracetamol in pediatric fever: objective and subjective findings from a randomized, blinded study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(9):2205-11. DOI:10.1185/030079907X223323
26. Pierce CA, Voss B. Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children and adults: a metaanalysis and qualitative review. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(3):489-506. DOI:10.1345/АПХ.1М332
27. Magni AM, Scheffer DK, Bruniera P. Antipyretic effect of ibuprofen and dipyrone in febrile children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(1):36-42.
28. Del Vecchio MT, Sundel ER. Alternating antipyretics: is this an alternative? Pediatrics. 2001;108:1236-7.
29. Baranov AA, Tatochenko VK, Bakradze MD. Feverish child. Diagnostic and treatment protocols (Clinical guidelines for pediatricians series). 3rd ed. Moscow: Pediatr, 2017 (in Russian)
30. Pursell E. Treating fever in children: paracetamol or ibuprofen? Br J Community Nurs. 2002;7:316-20.
31. Pereira GL, Dagostini JMC, da Silva Dal Pizzol T. Alternating antipyretics in the treatment of fever in children: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(4):289-96. DOI:10.2223/JPED.2204
32. Wong T, Stang AS, Ganshorn H, et al. Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD009572.
33. Yue Z, Jiang P, Sun H, Wu J. Association between an excess risk of acute kidney injury and concomitant use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children, retrospective analysis of a spontaneous reporting system. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;70(4): 479-82.
34. Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, et al.; Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children. Management of fever in children: summary of the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines. Clin Ther. 2009;31(8):1826-43.
35. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC; Section on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Committee on Drugs. Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):580-7.
36. Green R, Jeena P, Kotze S, et al. Management of acute fever in children: Guideline for community healthcare providers and pharmacists. South Africa Med J. 2013;103(12):948‑54.
37. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Feverish Illness in Children – Assessment and Management in Children Younger than 5 Years. NICE Clinical Guideline, 47. London, UK: NICE, 2007.
38. Baraff LJ. Management of fever without source in infants and children. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:602.
39. Bass JW, Steele RW, Wittler RR, et al. Antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12:466.
40. Baskin M, O’Rurke E, Fleisher G. Outpatient treatment of febrile infants 28–90 days of age with intramuscular certriaxone. J Ped. 1992;120:22-7.
41. Baker MD, Avner J, Bell L. Failure of infant observation scales in detecting se-rious illness in febrile 4–8 week old infants. Pediatrics. 1990;85:1040-3.
42. Craig JC, Williams GJ, Jones M, et al. The accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in young febrile children: prospective cohort study of 15 781 febrile illnesses. BMJ. 2010;340:1594. DOI:10.1136/bmj.c1594
43. Yo CH, Hsieh PS, Lee SH, et al. Comparison of the test characteristics of procalcitonin to C-reactive protein and leukocytosis for the detection of serious bacterial infections in children presenting with fever without source: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(5):591-600.
44. Risk for Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Complex Febrile Seizure. Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2010;2.
45. Clinical Guideline Management of Fever without Focus in Children (excluding neonates). Department for Health and Ageing, Government of South Australia. 2013.
46. Elhassanien AF, Hesham AA, Alrefaee F. Fever without source in infants and young children: dilemma in diagnosis and management. Manag Healthc Policy. 2013;6:7-12. DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S40553
47. Rothrock S, Harper MB, Green SM, et al. Do oral antibiotics prevent meningitis and serious bacterial infections in children with Streptococcus pneumoniae occult bacteriemia? A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 1997;99(3):438-44. DOI:10.1542/peds.99.3.438
48. Huppler AR. Performance of low-risk criteria in the evaluation of young infants with fever: review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):228-33. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewpublication/8157. Accessed: 12.05.2021
Авторы
М.Д. Бакрадзе*
ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*bakradze.md@yandex.ru
National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
*bakradze.md@yandex.ru
ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*bakradze.md@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
*bakradze.md@yandex.ru
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