Skvortsova VA, Borovik TE, Fisenko AP, Timofeeva AG, Bushueva TV, Lukoyanova OL, Akoeva DYu, Chernikov VV, Sokolov I, Belousova TV, Dzhumagaziev AA, Lebedeva JM, Mironenko II, Senkevich OA, Furtsev VI. Results evaluation of the implementation of the “Program for Optimizing Feeding of Children in the First Year of Life in the Russian Federation” dated 2009. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2022;4:286–294.
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2022.4.201969
Оценка результатов внедрения «Национальной программы оптимизации вскармливания детей первого года жизни в Российской Федерации» 2009 г.
Скворцова В.А., Боровик Т.Э., Фисенко А.П., Тимофеева А.Г., Бушуева Т.В., Лукоянова О.Л., Акоева Д.Ю., Черников В.В., Соколов И., Белоусова Т.В., Джумагазиев А.А., Лебедева У.М., Мироненко И.И., Сенькевич О.А., Фурцев В.И. Оценка результатов внедрения «Национальной программы оптимизации вскармливания детей первого года жизни в Российской Федерации» 2009 г. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2022;4:286–294. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2022.4.201969
Skvortsova VA, Borovik TE, Fisenko AP, Timofeeva AG, Bushueva TV, Lukoyanova OL, Akoeva DYu, Chernikov VV, Sokolov I, Belousova TV, Dzhumagaziev AA, Lebedeva JM, Mironenko II, Senkevich OA, Furtsev VI. Results evaluation of the implementation of the “Program for Optimizing Feeding of Children in the First Year of Life in the Russian Federation” dated 2009. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2022;4:286–294.
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2022.4.201969
Обоснование. Своевременное назначение продуктов прикорма позволяет оптимизировать поступление макро- и микронутриентов, обеспечить адекватные показатели роста и развития ребенка, снизить риск формирования неинфекционной патологии. С учетом значимости данной проблемы эксперты Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) совместно с Европейским обществом детских гастроэнтерологов, гепатологов и нутрициологов (ESPGHAN) исследовали вопросы назначения прикорма детям в европейском регионе и их соответствие существующим рекомендациям. Цель. Изучить особенности введения прикорма в Российской Федерации на основании оценки выполнения рекомендаций «Национальной программы оптимизации вскармливания детей первого года жизни в Российской Федерации» 2009 г. и провести сравнительный анализ результатов и данных, полученных экспертами ВОЗ. Материалы и методы. С 2019 по 2020 г. проведено многоцентровое ретроспективное неконтролируемое нерандомизированное исследование в 7 городах РФ. Изучались нутритивный статус ребенка при рождении и в возрасте 1 года, характер вскармливания, время введения и объемы каждого продукта прикорма для детей 6 и 12 мес. Данные оценивали с помощью критерия Шапиро–Уилка или Колмогорова–Смирнова, применяли медиану (Me) и нижний и верхний квартили (Q1–Q3), U-критерий Манна–Уитни, а также критерий Краскела–Уоллиса; апостериорные сравнения производили с помощью критерия Данна с поправкой Холма. Применяли метод анализа ROC-кривых, индекс Юдена, коэффициент Спирмена. Прогностическую модель разрабатывали с помощью метода линейной регрессии. Статистически значимыми различия считали при p<0,05. Результаты. Медиана возраста начала введения прикорма составила 5 [4–6] мес; первыми продуктами прикорма были овощи (51,0%) и каши (31,2%); фрукты дети начали получать преимущественно (77,3%) во втором полугодии жизни; возраст введения мясного пюре – 7 [6–8] мес, при этом каждый 4-й ребенок к 9 мес не получал мясо; соки вводились с 7 [6–9] мес, но у 8,8% детей они стали первым продуктом прикорма; медиана назначения желтка составила 8 [7–10] мес, рыбы – 9 [8–10] мес. Продукты исключительно промышленного производства использовали только 14,0% матерей, 33,9% готовили сами. Корреляционный анализ не выявил взаимосвязи между массой тела ребенка 12 мес и временем введения первого прикорма, а также возрастом введения каждого из продуктов. Установлена связь массы тела ребенка 12 мес и объема отдельных продуктов, которые получают дети в 6 и 12 мес. Рекомендации Программы в целом выполнялись. Выявлены наиболее частые нарушения: позднее начало введения (по достижении 6 мес) у 41,3% детей, отсроченное назначение мяса, частое использование каш домашнего приготовления, необогащенных микронутриентами, разведение детских безмолочных каш водой, нерегулярное включение в рацион яичного желтка. Заключение. Результаты подтверждают важность внедрения обновленной в 2019 г. и утвержденной Минздравом России «Программы оптимизации вскармливания детей первого года жизни в Российской Федерации» и свидетельствуют о необходимости дальнейшей работы над ее совершенствованием.
Ключевые слова: прикорм, дети грудного возраста, профилактика неинфекционных заболеваний, первый продукт прикорма, продукты прикорма промышленного производства, стратегии оптимизации питания
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Background. Appropriate prescribing of complementary food allows to optimize the intake of macro- and micronutrients, provides adequate indicators of growth and development of the child, reduces the risk of non-infectious pathology. Taking into account the significance of this problem, World Health Organization (WHO) experts, together with The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, carried out a research where they studied issues related to the appointment of complementary food for children in the European Region and their compliance with existing recommendations. Aim. To study the features of the introduction of complementary food in the Russian Federation on the basis of an assessment of the implementation of the recommendations of the "National program for optimizing the feeding of children in the first year of life in the Russian Federation", 2009 and to conduct a comparative analysis of the results obtained and the data presented in the study carried out by WHO experts. Materials and methods. A multicenter retrospective, uncontrolled, non-randomized study was conducted in 7 cities of the Russian Federation. Results. The median age at which complementary foods were introduced was 5 [4–6] months; vegetables (51.0%) and cereals (31.2%) were the first complementary food products; children began to receive fruit mainly (77.3%) in the second half of life; the age of introduction of meat puree was 7 [6–8] months, while every 4th child by 9 months did not receive meat; juices were introduced at 7 [6–9] months, but in 8.8% of children juices became the first product of complementary foods; median age for yolk administration was 8 [7–10] months, fish – 9 [8–10] months. Only 14.0% of mothers used products of exclusively industrial production in the nutrition of their children, 33.9% prepared it themselves. Correlation analysis did not revealed any relationship between the body weight of a child at the age of 12 months and the time of introduction of the first complementary food product, as well as with the age of introduction of each of the introduced products. A connection was established between the body weight of a child at the age of 12 months and the volume of individual products that children receive between the age of 6 and 12 months. The recommendations of the “National program for optimizing the feeding of children in the first year of life in the Russian Federation” were generally implemented. Our analyses revealed the most frequent violations during the introduction and use of complementary food products: late start of their introduction (after the age of 6 months) in 41.3% of children, delayed prescription of meat, frequent use of home-made cereals not enriched with micronutrients, dilution of dairy-free porridge with water, irregular inclusion in the diet of egg yolk. Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the importance of implementation of the “Program for Optimizing Feeding of Children in the First Year of Life in the Russian Federation” updated in 2019 and approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia and indicate the need for further work on its improvement.
Keywords: complementary foods, infants, prevention of non-infectious diseases, first supplementary feed products, industrial based supplementary feed products, strategies to optimize the nutrition
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________________________________________________
1. ON THE feeding of solid foods to infants. Pediatrics. 1958;21(4):685-92. DOI:10.1542/peds.21.4.685
2. Vorontsov IM, Mazurin AV. Spravochnik po detskoi dietetike. Leningrad: Meditsina. Leningr. otd-nie, 1980 (in Russian).
3. Sovremennye printsipy i metody vskarmlivaniia detei pervogo goda zhizni. Metodicheskie ukazaniia №225. Moscow, 1999 (in Russian).
4. Koplin JJ, Allen KJ. Optimal timing for solids introduction – why are the guidelines always changing? Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43(8):826-34. DOI:10.1111/cea.12090
5. Fuchs SC, Victora CG, Martines J. Case-control study of risk of dehydrating diarrhoea in infants in vulnerable period after full weaning. BMJ. 1996;313(7054):391-4. DOI:10.1136/bmj.313.7054.391
6. Agostoni C, Decsi T, Fewtrell M, et al; ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Complementary feeding: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;46(1):99-110. DOI:10.1097/01.mpg.0000304464.60788.bd
7. Chantry CJ, Howard CR, Auinger P. Full breastfeeding duration and risk for iron deficiency in U.S. infants. Breastfeed Med. 2007;2(2):63-73. DOI:10.1089/bfm.2007.0002
8. Meinzen-Derr JK, Guerrero ML, Altaye M, et al. Risk of infant anemia is associated with exclusive breast-feeding and maternal anemia in a Mexican cohort. J Nutr. 2006;136(2):452-8. DOI:10.1093/jn/136.2.452
9. Morgan JB, Lucas A, Fewtrell MS. Does weaning influence growth and health up to 18 months? Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(8):728-33. DOI:10.1136/adc.2003.036137
10. Национальная программа оптимизации вскармливания детей первого года жизни в Российской Федерации. Союз Педиатров России. М., 2009 [Natsional'naia programma optimizatsii vskarmlivaniia detei pervogo goda zhizni v Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Soiuz Pediatrov Rossii. Moscow, 2009 (in Russian)].
11. Nwaru BI, Erkkola M, Ahonen S, et al. Age at the introduction of solid foods during the first year and allergic sensitization at age 5 years. Pediatrics. 2010;125(1):50-9. DOI:10.1542/peds.2009-0813
12. Koplin JJ, Osborne NJ, Wake M, et al. Can early introduction of egg prevent egg allergy in infants? A population-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(4):807-13. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.028
13. Perkin MR, Logan K, Tseng A, et al. Randomized Trial of Introduction of Allergenic Foods in Breast-Fed Infants. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(18):1733-43. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1514210
14. Dube K, Schwartz J, Mueller MJ, et al. Complementary food with low (8%) or high (12%) meat content as source of dietary iron: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2010;49(1):11-8. DOI:10.1007/s00394-009-0043-9
15. Skvortsova VA, Borovik TE, Netrebenko OK, et al. Scientific basis of additional food introduction, stated in the national program of the infants feeding optimization in the russian federation. Part II. Current Pediatrics. 2012;11(4):158‑66 (in Russian). DOI:10.15690/vsp.v11i4.377
16. Ziegler EE, Nelson SE, Jeter JM. Iron stores of breastfed infants during the first year of life. Nutrients. 2014;6(5):2023-34. DOI:10.3390/nu6052023
17. Programma optimizatsii vskarmlivaniia detei pervogo goda zhizni v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: metodicheskie rekomendatsii. FGAU “NMITs zdorov'ia detei' Minzdrava Rossii”. Moscow: b. i., 2019 (in Russian).
18. Fewtrell M, Bronsky J, Campoy C, et al. Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64(1):119-32. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001454
19. Lukoyanova OL, Borovik TE, Skvortsova VA, et al. Best Time to Begin Complementary Feeding of Full-Term Exclusively Breastfed Infants: Results of an Observational Study. Current Pediatrics. 2016;15(4):371-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.15690/vsp.v15i4.1588
20. Pearce J, Taylor MA, Langley-Evans SC. Timing of the introduction of complementary feeding and risk of childhood obesity: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37(10):1295-306. DOI:10.1038/ijo.2013.99
21. Moss BG, Yeaton WH. Early childhood healthy and obese weight status: potentially protective benefits of breastfeeding and delaying solid foods. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18(5):1224-32. DOI:10.1007/s10995-013-1357-z
22. Gingras V, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, et al. Timing of Complementary Feeding Introduction and Adiposity Throughout Childhood. Pediatrics. 2019;144(6):e20191320. DOI:10.1542/peds.2019-1320
23. Cohen Kadosh K, Muhardi L, Parikh P, et al. Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children-An Update and Novel Insights. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):199. DOI:10.3390/nu13010199
24. Clinical Paediatric Dietetics. Ed. Vanessa Shaw. Wiley-Blackwell; 5th edition, 2020.
25. Koletzko B, Hirsch NL, Jewell JM, et al. National Recommendations for Infant and Young Child Feeding in the World Health Organization European Region. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;71(5):672-8. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000002912
26. Lee HR, Shin S, Yoon JH, et al. Reference Intervals of Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Analytes for 1-Year-Old Korean Children. Ann Lab Med. 2016;36(5):481‑8. DOI:10.3343/alm.2016.36.5.481
27. Yang Z, Lönnerdal B, Adu-Afarwuah S, et al. Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency in fully breastfed infants at 6 mo of age: comparison of data from 6 studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(5):1433-40. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26964
28. Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Culbertson DL, et al. Comparison of complementary feeding strategies to meet zinc requirements of older breastfed infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(1):30-5. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.112.036046
29. Ţincu IF, Păcurar D, Ţincu RC, et al. Influence of Protein Intake during Complementary Feeding on Body Size and IGF-I Levels in Twelve-month-old Infants. Balkan Med J. 2019;37(1):54-5. DOI:10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.6.5
30. Tang M, Andersen V, Hendricks AE, et al. Different Growth Patterns Persist at 24 Months of Age in Formula-Fed Infants Randomized to Consume a Meat- or Dairy-Based Complementary Diet from 5 to 12 Months of Age. J Pediatr. 2019;206:78-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.10.020
31. Barrera CM, Hamner HC, Perrine CG, et al. Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods to US Infants, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018;118(3):464-70. DOI:10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.020
32. World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: definitions and measurement methods. Geneva, 2021.
33. United Nations Children’s Fund. Improving Young Children’s Diets During the Complementary Feeding Period. UNICEF Programming Guidance. New York: UNICEF, 2020.
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1 ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского», Москва, Россия;
3 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
4 ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова», Москва, Россия;
5 ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Новосибирск, Россия;
6 ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Астрахань, Россия;
7 ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова» Минобрнауки России, Якутск, Россия;
8 ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России, Барнаул, Россия;
9 ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Хабаровск, Россия;
10 ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Минздрава России, Красноярск, Россия
*vera.skvortsova@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Vera A. Skvortsova*1,2, Tatiana E. Borovik1,3, Andrei P. Fisenko1, Anna G. Timofeeva1, Tatiana V. Bushueva1,4, Olga L. Lukoyanova1, Daria Yu. Akoeva1, Vladislav V. Chernikov1, Ina Sokolov1, Tamara V. Belousova5, Anvar A. Dzhumagaziev6, Juliana M. Lebedeva7, Irina I. Mironenko8, Olga A. Senkevich9, Vladimir I. Furtsev10
1 National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia;
2 Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, Russia;
3 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
4 Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia;
5 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia;
6 Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia;
7 Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia;
8 Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia;
9 The Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia;
10 Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
*vera.skvortsova@mail.ru