Почему педиатра интересует вопрос, родился ли ребенок естественным путем или с помощью операции кесарева сечения?

Захарова И.Н., Оробинская Я.В., Бережная И.В., Сугян Н.Г., Дедикова О.В., Малявская С.И., Курбакова Д.М. Почему педиатра интересует вопрос, родился ли ребенок естественным путем или с помощью операции кесарева сечения? Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2024;1:8–14. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.1.202613

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.

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Zakharova IN, Orobinskaya YaV, Berezhnaya IV, Sugian NG, Dedikova OV, Malyavskaya SI, Kurbakova DM. Why does it matter to the pediatrician whether the baby was born naturally or by Cesarean section? A review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2024;1:8–14. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.1.202613

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Аннотация

Кесарево сечение – одна из самых распространенных операций в акушерстве и гинекологии. Однако, несмотря на широкое использование этой процедуры, она не лишена определенных рисков не только для матери, но и для ребенка. В результате операции кесарева сечения (КС) новорожденные не получают целый ряд важных микроорганизмов при прохождении родовых путей матери, что может привести к нарушению развития и функционирования микробной экосистемы ребенка. Микробиота кишечника играет важную роль в поддержании здоровья человека. Она способствует пищеварению, укреплению иммунной системы и синтезу некоторых витаминов. Исследования последних лет показывают, что кишечная микробиота детей, рожденных при помощи КС, отличается от той, которая формируется у детей, рожденных естественным путем. В статье рассмотрим последствия этого различия для здоровья детей, а также возможности коррекции состава кишечной микробиоты у детей после КС. Понимание механизмов формирования и функционирования кишечной микробиоты у этих детей может помочь разработать эффективные стратегии профилактики и лечения различных заболеваний, связанных с нарушением баланса кишечной микробиоты.

Ключевые слова: кесарево сечение, микробиота новорожденного, микробиом, кишечная микробиота

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Cesarean section is one of the most common operations in obstetrics and gynecology. However, despite the widespread use of this procedure, it is associated with certain risks for the mother and the child. As a result of cesarean section (CS), newborns do not acquire some important microorganisms during the passage of the maternal birth canal, which can impact the development and alter the functioning of the microbial ecosystem of the child. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining human health. It promotes digestion, strengthens the immune system, and produces some vitamins. Recent studies show that the intestinal microbiota of children born with CS differs from that of children born naturally. This article addresses the consequences of this difference on children's health and available ways of correcting the intestinal microbiota composition in children born via CS. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota formation and function in these children can help develop effective strategies to prevent and treat various diseases associated with gut microbiota imbalance.

Keywords: cesarean section, newborn microbiota, microbiome, intestinal microbiota

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23. Mold JE, Michaëlsson J, Burt TD, et al. Maternal alloantigens promote the development of tolerogenic fetal regulatory T cells in utero. Science. 2008;322(5907):1562‑5. DOI:10.1126/science.1164511
24. Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(26):11971‑5. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1002601107
25. Rutayisire E, Huang K, Liu Y, Tao F. The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants’ life: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016;16(1):86. DOI:10.1186/s12876‑016‑0498‑0
26. Zhou P, Manoil D, Belibasakis GN, Kotsakis GA. Veillonellae: Beyond Bridging Species in Oral Biofilm Ecology. Front Oral Health. 2021;2:774115. DOI:10.3389/froh.2021.774115
27. Hewitt KM, Mannino FL, Gonzalez A, et al. Bacterial diversity in two Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). PLoS One. 2013;8(1): e54703. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0054703
28. Putignani L, Carsetti R, Signore F, Manco M. Additional maternal and nonmaternal factors contribute to microbiota shaping in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(42): E159; author reply E160. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1010526107
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Авторы

И.Н. Захарова*^1,2, Я.В. Оробинская^1,3, И.В. Бережная^1,2, Н.Г. Сугян^1,4, О.В. Дедикова¹, С.И. Малявская⁵, Д.М. Курбакова⁵

¹ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
²ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы», Москва, Россия;
³Поликлиника «Мама и малыш» ГАУЗ МО «Химкинская центральная клиническая больница», Химки, Россия;
⁴ГАУЗ МО «Химкинская центральная клиническая больница», Химки, Россия;
⁵ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Архангельск, Россия
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Irina N. Zakharova*^1,2, Yana V. Orobinskaya^1,3, Irina V. Berezhnaya^1,2, Narine G. Sugian^1,4, Olga V. Dedikova¹, Svetlana I. Malyavskaya⁵, Daria M. Kurbakova⁵

¹Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
²Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Care Department, Moscow, Russia;
³Mommy and Baby Outpatient clinic of Khimki Central Clinical Hospital, Khimki, Russia;
⁴Khimki Central Clinical Hospital, Khimki, Russia;
⁵Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

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