Обоснование. Хронический панкреатит (ХП) у детей – относительно редкое полиэтиологическое заболевание поджелудочной железы (ПЖ), сопровождающееся прогрессирующим воспалением паренхимы с постепенной утратой ее функции и (или) возникновением специфических осложнений. Показания к тому или иному методу лечения для конкретного пациента с определенной этиологией и стадией ХП однозначно не определены и во многом зависят от опыта и технических возможностей конкретной клиники. В последние годы единичными центрами накоплен опыт применения эндоскопических методов для лечения ХП у детей, который кажется весьма перспективным. Цель. Проанализировать результаты нашего опыта эндоскопического лечения ХП у детей. Материалы и методы. С 2018 по июнь 2023 г. эндоскопические методы лечения применены у 31 ребенка с ХП. Показаниями к эндоскопическому лечению явились частые эпизоды обострения панкреатита в сочетании с признаками протоковой гипертензии с вирсунголитиазом или без. По этиологии больные разделены на группы: аномалии протоков ПЖ, аномальное панкреатикобилиарное соустье (АПБС), наследственный ХП, приобретенные стриктуры протоков и идиопатический панкреатит. Результаты оценивали по частоте эпизодов обострения панкреатита. Результаты. Эндоскопическое лечение не достигло цели у двух пациентов ввиду невозможности канюляции главного панкреатического протока у ребенка, оперированного по поводу кольцевидной ПЖ, и невозможности реканализировать посттравматическую стриктуру протока в области перешейка. Из ранних осложнений отмечены постманипуляционный панкреатит (n=2; 6,4%), бессимптомная гиперферментемия (n=5; 16,1%), выпадение стента (n=2; 6,4%), обтурация стента преципитатами панкреатического сока (n=2; 6,4%). Средняя длительность катамнеза составила 2,31±1,32 года. Во всех группах, кроме АПБС, наблюдалось значительное уменьшение эпизодов обострений с их полным отсутствием у большинства пациентов. Неэффективность эндоскопического лечения отмечена в одном наблюдении сочетания полного типа разделенной ПЖ и патогенной мутацией гена SPINK1. Таким образом, эндоскопическое лечение оказалось эффективным у 28 (90,3%) детей в раннем периоде и у 22 (71%) – в отдаленном периоде за счет возвращения симптоматики в группе АПБС. Заключение. Эндоскопическое лечение ХП у детей эффективно и может быть рекомендовано как терапия 1-й линии. Эндоскопическое лечение симптоматического АПБС имеет временный клинический эффект.
Background. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children is a relatively rare polyetiological disease of the pancreas, accompanied by progressive inflammation of the parenchyma with gradual loss of its function and/or the occurrence of specific complications. Indications for a particular treatment method for a specific patient with a specific etiology and stage of CP are not clearly defined and largely depend on the experience and technical capabilities of a specific clinic. In recent years, individual centers have accumulated experience in using endoscopic methods for the treatment of CP in children, which seems very promising. Aim. To analyze the results of our experience in endoscopic treatment of CP in children. Materials and methods. From 2018 to June 2023, endoscopic treatment methods were used in 31 children with CP. Indications for endoscopic treatment were frequent episodes of exacerbation of pancreatitis in combination with signs of ductal hypertension with or without Wirsungolithiasis. According to etiology, patients were divided into groups: pancreatic duct anomalies, abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction (APBJ), hereditary CP, acquired duct strictures and idiopathic pancreatitis. The results were assessed by the frequency of episodes of exacerbation of pancreatitis. Results. Endoscopic treatment failed in two patients due to: impossibility of cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in a child operated on for annular pancreas and impossibility of recanalization of posttraumatic duct stricture in the isthmus area. Early complications included post-manipulation pancreatitis (n=2; 6.4%), asymptomatic hyperenzymemia (n=5; 16.1%), stent loss (n=2; 6.4%), stent obstruction with pancreatic precipitates (n=2; 6.4%). The average follow-up period was 2.31±1.32 years. In all groups except APBJ, there was a significant decrease in exacerbation episodes with their complete absence in most patients. Ineffectiveness of endoscopic treatment was noted in one case of a combination of the complete type of divided pancreas and a pathogenic mutation of the gene SPINK1. Thus, endoscopic treatment was effective in 28 (90.3%) children in the early period and in 22 (71%) in the late period due to the return of symptoms in the APBJ group. Conclusion. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis in children is effective and can be recommended as first-line therapy. Endoscopic treatment of symptomatic APBJ has a temporary clinical effect.
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2. Morinville VD, Husain SZ, Bai H, et al. INSPPIRE Group. Definitions of pediatric pancreatitis and survey of present clinical practices. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55(3):261-5.
3. Párniczky A, Czakó L, Dubravcsik Z, et al. Magyar Hasnyálmirigy Munkacsoport, Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Gyermekkori pancreatitis. A Magyar Hasnyálmirigy Munkacsoport bizonyítékon alapuló kezelési irányelvei. Orv Hetil. 2015;156(8):308-25.
4. Pohl JF, Uc A. Paediatric pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015;31(5):380-6.
5. Kumar S, Ooi CY, Werlin S, et al. Risk factors associated with pediatric acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis: lessons from INSPPIRE. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(6):562-9.
6. Agarwal J, Nageshwar Reddy D, Talukdar R, et. al. ERCP in the management of pancreatic diseases in children. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(2):271-8.
7. Troendle DM, Fishman DS, Barth BA, et al. Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric patients with acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis: data from the INSPPIRE (INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE) Study. Pancreas. 2017;46(6):764-9.
8. Парфенов И.П., Карпачев А.А., Ярош А.Л., и др. Эндоскопические трансмуральные и транспапиллярные вмешательства в лечении хронического панкреатита. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2011;12:38-43 [Parfenov IP, Karpachev AA, Yarosh AL, et al. Endoscopic transmural and transpapillary interventions in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. NI Pirogova. 2011;12:38-43 (in Russian)].
9. Солодинина Е.Н., Соколов Ю.Ю., Ефременков А.М., и др. Эндоскопические вмешательства при пороках развития и заболеваниях поджелудочной железы у детей. Детская хирургия. 2022;26(6):314-20 [Solodinina EN, Sokolov YuYu, Efremenkov AM, et al. Endoscopic interventions for malformations and diseases of the pancreas in children. Detskaya Khirurgiya. 2022;26(6):314-20 (in Russian)].
10. Al-Rashdan A, LeBlanc J, Sherman S, et al. Role of endoscopic ultrasound for evaluating gastrointestinal tract disorders in pediatrics: a tertiary care center experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51(6):718-22.
11. Cheng CL, Fogel EL, Sherman S, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children: a large series report. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41(4):445-53.
12. Kohoutova D, Tringali A, Papparella G, et al. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis in pediatric population: Long-term efficacy and safety. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019;7(2):270-7.
13. Liu QY, Gugig R, Troendle DM, et al. The roles of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation and treatment of chronic pancreatitis in children: a position paper from the North American Society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition pancreas committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.
2020;70(5):681-93.
14. Oracz G, Pertkiewicz J, Kierkus J, et al. Efficiency of pancreatic duct stenting therapy in children with chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;80(6):1022-9.
15. Zeng JQ, Deng ZH, Yang KH, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children with symptomatic pancreaticobiliary maljunction: A retrospective multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(40):6107-15.
16. Otto AK, Neal MD, Slivka AN, Kane TD. An appraisal of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for pancreaticobiliary disease in children: our institutional experience in 231 cases. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(8):2536-40.
17. Kargl S, Kienbauer M, Duba HC, et al. Therapeutic step-up strategy for management of hereditary pancreatitis in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50(4):511-4.
18. Gerke H, Byrne MF, Stiffler HL, et al. Outcome of endoscopic minor papillotomy in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum. JOP. 2004;5(3):122-31.
19. Wang D, Bi YW, Ji JT, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is safe and effective for pediatric patients with chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy. 2017;49(5):447-55.
20. De Angelis P, Foschia F, Romeo E, et al. Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis and management of congenital choledochal cysts: 28 pediatric cases. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47(5):885-8.
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1. Belmer SV. Bolezni podzheludochnoi zhelezy u detei. Moscow: Medpraktika, 2019 (in Russian).
2. Morinville VD, Husain SZ, Bai H, et al. INSPPIRE Group. Definitions of pediatric pancreatitis and survey of present clinical practices. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55(3):261-5.
3. Párniczky A, Czakó L, Dubravcsik Z, et al. Magyar Hasnyálmirigy Munkacsoport, Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Gyermekkori pancreatitis. A Magyar Hasnyálmirigy Munkacsoport bizonyítékon alapuló kezelési irányelvei. Orv Hetil. 2015;156(8):308-25.
4. Pohl JF, Uc A. Paediatric pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015;31(5):380-6.
5. Kumar S, Ooi CY, Werlin S, et al. Risk factors associated with pediatric acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis: lessons from INSPPIRE. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(6):562-9.
6. Agarwal J, Nageshwar Reddy D, Talukdar R, et. al. ERCP in the management of pancreatic diseases in children. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(2):271-8.
7. Troendle DM, Fishman DS, Barth BA, et al. Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric patients with acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis: data from the INSPPIRE (INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE) Study. Pancreas. 2017;46(6):764-9.
8. Parfenov IP, Karpachev AA, Yarosh AL, et al. Endoscopic transmural and transpapillary interventions in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. NI Pirogova. 2011;12:38-43 (in Russian).
9. Solodinina EN, Sokolov YuYu, Efremenkov AM, et al. Endoscopic interventions for malformations and diseases of the pancreas in children. Detskaya Khirurgiya. 2022;26(6):314-20 (in Russian).
10. Al-Rashdan A, LeBlanc J, Sherman S, et al. Role of endoscopic ultrasound for evaluating gastrointestinal tract disorders in pediatrics: a tertiary care center experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51(6):718-22.
11. Cheng CL, Fogel EL, Sherman S, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children: a large series report. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41(4):445-53.
12. Kohoutova D, Tringali A, Papparella G, et al. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis in pediatric population: Long-term efficacy and safety. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019;7(2):270-7.
13. Liu QY, Gugig R, Troendle DM, et al. The roles of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation and treatment of chronic pancreatitis in children: a position paper from the North American Society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition pancreas committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.
2020;70(5):681-93.
14. Oracz G, Pertkiewicz J, Kierkus J, et al. Efficiency of pancreatic duct stenting therapy in children with chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;80(6):1022-9.
15. Zeng JQ, Deng ZH, Yang KH, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children with symptomatic pancreaticobiliary maljunction: A retrospective multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(40):6107-15.
16. Otto AK, Neal MD, Slivka AN, Kane TD. An appraisal of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for pancreaticobiliary disease in children: our institutional experience in 231 cases. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(8):2536-40.
17. Kargl S, Kienbauer M, Duba HC, et al. Therapeutic step-up strategy for management of hereditary pancreatitis in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50(4):511-4.
18. Gerke H, Byrne MF, Stiffler HL, et al. Outcome of endoscopic minor papillotomy in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum. JOP. 2004;5(3):122-31.
19. Wang D, Bi YW, Ji JT, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is safe and effective for pediatric patients with chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy. 2017;49(5):447-55.
20. De Angelis P, Foschia F, Romeo E, et al. Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis and management of congenital choledochal cysts: 28 pediatric cases. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47(5):885-8.
1ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; 2ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента РФ, Москва, Россия; 3ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*efremart@yandex.ru
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Artem M. Efremenkov*1,2, Yurij Yu. Sokolov1,2, Elena N. Solodinina2, Igor` V. Kirgizov1,2, Aleksandr P. Zykin1,2, Natalya V. Fomicheva2, Sergey A. Korovin1,3, Maksim A. Popov2
1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia; 2Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Moscow, Russia; 3Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
*efremart@yandex.ru