Формирование микробиоты младенца в зависимости от характера вскармливания

Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г., Оробинская Я.В. Формирование микробиоты младенца в зависимости от характера вскармливания. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2024;2:106–111.
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.2.202939

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.

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Zakharova IN, Sugian NG, Orobinskaya YaV. Development of the infant’s microbiota depending on the nature of feeding: A review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2024;2:106–111. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.2.202939

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Аннотация

Олигосахариды грудного молока (ОГМ) представляют собой короткие полимеры простых сахаров, которые в высоких концентрациях присутствуют в ГМ женщины. Их содержание динамично меняется с течением времени. На уровень ОГМ особое влияние оказывают генетические факторы, а также имеют значение продолжительность лактации, особенности окружающей среды. ОГМ могут поддерживать развитие иммунной системы и обеспечивать защиту от инфекционных заболеваний непосредственно через взаимодействие эпителиальных клеток кишечника или косвенно через модуляцию кишечной микробиоты, включая стимуляцию роста Bifidobacterium. Клинические данные свидетельствуют о том, что добавление ОГМ в детские молочные смеси способствует нормальному росту новорожденного и приносит пользу его здоровью. Добавление 1 или 2 ОГМ в молочные смеси безопасно и приближает их состав к ГМ, позволяя ребенку гармонично развиваться.

Ключевые слова: грудное вскармливание, грудное молоко, олигосахариды грудного молока, искусственное вскармливание, смеси, микробиота кишечника, галактоолигосахариды, 2’-фукозиллактоза

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Breast milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) are short polymers of simple sugars that are present in high concentrations in a woman’s breast milk (BM). Their content changes fast over time. Genetic factors, the duration of lactation, and environmental factors particularly influence the level of BMOs. BMOs can facilitate the development of the immune system and protect against infectious diseases directly through the interaction of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, including stimulating Bifidobacterium growth. Clinical data suggest that adding BMOs to infant formula promotes normal neonatal growth and benefits infant health. Adding 1 or 2 BMOs to infant formulas is safe and brings their composition closer to the BM, allowing the child to develop harmoniously.

Keywords: breastfeeding, breast milk, breast milk oligosaccharides, formula feeding, formulae, intestinal microbiota, galacto-oligosaccharides, 2’-fucosyllactose

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23. Gómez-Gallego C, Morales JM, Monleón D, et al. Human Breast Milk NMR Metabolomic Profile across Specific Geographical Locations and Its Association with the Milk Microbiota. Nurients. 2018;10(10). DOI:10.3390/nu10101355
24. Akkerman R, Faas MM, de Vos P. Non-digestible carbohydrates in infant formula as substitution for human milk oligosaccharide functions: Effects on microbiota and gut maturation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(9):1486-97. DOI:10.1080/10408398.2017.1414030
25. Vandenplas Y, Berger B, Carnielli VP, et al. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: 2’-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) in Infant Formula. Nutrients. 2018;10(9). DOI:10.3390/nu10091161
26. Fassio F, Facioni MS, Guagnini F. Lactose Maldigestion, Malabsorption, and Intolerance: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on Current Management and Future Perspectives. Nutrients. 2018;10(11). DOI:10.3390/nu10111599
27. Cheong KL, Chen S, Teng B, et al. Oligosaccharides as Potential Regulators of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Health in Post-COVID-19 Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(6). DOI:10.3390/ph16060860
28. Moukarzel S, Bode L. Human Milk Oligosaccharides and the Preterm Infant: A Journey in Sickness and in Health. Clin Perinatol. 2017;44(1):193-207. DOI:10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.014
29. Lawson MAE, O’Neill IJ, Kujawska M, et al. Breast milk-derived human milk oligosaccharides promote Bifidobacterium interactions within a single ecosystem. ISME J. 2020;14(2):635-48. DOI:10.1038/s41396-019-0553-2
30. Gurung M, Schlegel BT, Rajasundaram D, et al. Microbiota from human infants consuming secretors or non-secretors mothers’ milk impacts the gut and immune system in mice. mSystems. 2024;9(4):e0029424. DOI:10.1128/msystems.00294-24
31. Tonon KM, Morais TB, Taddei CR, et al. Gut microbiota comparison of vaginally and cesarean born infants exclusively breastfed by mothers secreting α1-2 fucosylated oligosaccharides in breast milk. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246839. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0246839
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Авторы

И.Н. Захарова*¹, Н.Г. Сугян^1,2, Я.В. Оробинская^1,2

¹ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
²ГБУЗ МО «Химкинская больница», Химки, Россия
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Irina N. Zakharova*¹, Narine G. Sugian^1,2, Yana V. Orobinskaya^1,2

¹Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
²Khimki Hospital, Khimki, Russia
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

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