Karpova EP, Tulupov DA, Naumov OG, Usenia LI, Belov VA. Adenoiditis in children: A modern view of the etiology and preventive treatment. A review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(4):1–9. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.4.203087
Аденоидит у детей: современный взгляд на этиологию и профилактическое лечение
Карпова Е.П., Тулупов Д.А., Наумов О.Г., Усеня Л.И., Белов В.А. Аденоидит у детей: современный взгляд на этиологию и профилактическое лечение. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(4):1–9. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.4.203087
Karpova EP, Tulupov DA, Naumov OG, Usenia LI, Belov VA. Adenoiditis in children: A modern view of the etiology and preventive treatment. A review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(4):1–9. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.4.203087
Глоточная миндалина (ГМ) у ребенка – неотъемлемая часть NALT (Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) – лимфоидной ткани, ассоциированной со слизистой носоглотки, которая входит в структуру лимфоглоточного кольца Пирогова–Вальдейера. Терминология патологических процессов со стороны ГМ у детей до сих пор является поводом для дискуссии. В последней версии российского согласительного документа под термином «аденоидит» подразумевались реактивные воспалительные изменения ГМ как органа регионарного мукозального иммунитета, которые возникают при воздействии антигенов на слизистую оболочку полости носа и глотки. В настоящее время нет однозначного консенсуса в отношении объективных маркеров аденоидита, а также четких критериев, обусловливающих постановку такого диагноза, кроме того, достаточно многочисленны причины, вызывающие проявления аденоидита в детском возрасте. В статье рассматриваются эти и другие дискуссионные вопросы, а также практические шаги по профилактике и лечению аденоидита.
Ключевые слова: аденоидит у детей, глоточная миндалина, хронический аденоидит, хронический риносинусит, острый аденоидит, хронический назофарингит, аллергический ринит, рефлюкс-индуцированный аденоидит, фитотерапия, экстракт BNO1030/BNO1035, Тонзилгон Н
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The pharyngeal tonsil (PT) in a child is an integral part of the NALT (Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue), lymphoid tissue associated with the nasopharyngeal mucosa, which is part of the structure of the Waldeyer's tonsillar ring. The terminology of PT disorders in children is still debatable. In the current edition of the Russian consensus paper, "adenoiditis" means reactive inflammatory changes in the PT, as an organ of regional mucosal immunity, occurring when the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa are exposed to antigens. Currently, there is no definitive consensus on the objective markers of adenoiditis, as well as clear diagnostic criteria. In addition, the causes of adenoiditis in children are quite numerous. The article discusses these and other controversial issues, as well as practical approaches to prevent and treat adenoiditis.
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1ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; 2ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. Н.Ф. Филатова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия; 3ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия; 4ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*edoctor@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Elena P. Karpova*1, Denis A. Tulupov1,2, Oleg G. Naumov1–3, Larisa I. Usenia1, Vladimir A. Belov1,4
1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia; 2Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia; 3Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia; 4Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*edoctor@mail.ru