1. Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. J Hypertens Suppl. 1996; 14 (5): S83–93.
2. Luscher TF, Tschudi MR, Dohi Y. Resistance arteries in hypertension role of the endothehum. In: Mulvany MJ, Aalkjaer C, Haegerty AM, Nyborg NCB, Strandgaard S (eds). Resistance Arteries, Structure and Function. Elsevier Science Publishers B 1991: 312–5.
3. Rizzoni D, Porteri E, Castellano M et al. Vascular hypertrophy and remodeling in secondary hypertension. Hypertension 1996; 28: 785–90. Cockcroft JR, Chowienczyk PJ, Benjamin N, Ritter JM. Preserved endothelium dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1036–40.
4. Katusic ZS. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Am. J Physiol 2001; 281: H981–6.
5. Ignarro LJ, Bug GM, Wood KS. Endothelium derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1987; 84: 9265–9. Ignarro LJ. Biosynthesis and metabolism of endotheliumderived nitric oxide. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1990; 30: 535–60.
6. Moncada S. The l-arginine nitric oxide pathway. Acta Physiol Scand 1992; 145: 201–22.
7. Rossi M, Taddei S, Fabbri A et al. Cutaneous vasodilation to acetylcholine in patients with essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1997; 29: 406–11.
8. Taddei S, Virdis A, Mattei P, Salvetti A. Vasodilation to acetylcholine in primary and secondary forms of human hypertension. Hypertension 1993; 21: 929–33.
9. Lijnder L, Kiowski W, Buhler FR, Luscher TF. Indirect evidence for the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the human forearm circulation in vivo: blunted response in essential hypertension. Circulation 1990; 81: 1762–7.
10. Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Brush Jr JE, Epstein SE. Abnormal endothelium dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 22–7.
11. Brush JE, Faxon DP, Salmon S et al. Abnormal endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 809–15.
12. Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Salvetti A. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: fact or fancy? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32 (Suppl 3): S41–7.
13. Rizzoni D, Castellano M, Porten E et al. Vascular structural and functional alterations before and after the development of hypertension m SHR. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7: 193–200.
14. Rizzoni D, Castellano M, Porten E et al. Delayed development of hypertension after short-term nitren-dipine treatment Hypertension 1994; 24: 131–9.
15. Rizzoni D, Castellano M, Porten E et al. Effects of low and high doses of fosinopnl on the structure and function of resistance arteries Hypertension 1995; 26: 118–23.
16. Rizzoni D, Porteri E, Castellano M et al. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension Is Independent From the Etiology and From Vascular Structure. Hypertension 1998; 31; 335–41.
17. Schiffrin EL, Deng LY. Comparison of effects of angiotensm I-converting enzyme inhibition and beta-blockade for 2 years on function of small arteries from hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1995; 25 (Part 2): 699–703.
18. Schiffrin EL, Deng I-Y. Structure and function of resistance arteries of hypertensive patients treated with a beta-blocker or a calcium channel antagonists J Hyperrens 1996; 14: 1247–55.
19. Umans JG. Less nitric oxide, more pressure, or the converse ? Commentary Lancet 1997; 349: 837–16.
20. Taddei S, Virdis A, Mattei P et al. Defective L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in offspring of essential hypertensive patients. Circulation 1996; 94: 1298–303.
21. Al Suwaidi JA, Hamasaki S, Higano ST et al. Long term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2000; 101: 948–54.
22. Schachinger V, Britten MB, Zeiher AM. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation 2000; 101: 1899–906.
23. Neunteufl T, Heher S, Katzenschlager R et al. Late prognostic value of flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery of patients with chest pain. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 207–10.
24. Heitzer T, Schlinzig T, Krohn K et al. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease. Circulation 2001; 104: 2673–8.
25. Perticone F, Ceravolo R, Pujia A et al. Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2001; 104: 191–6.
26. Gao YS, Nagao T, Bond RA et al. Nebivolol induces endothelium-dependent relaxations of canine coronary arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991; 17: 964–9.
27. Cockcroft JR, Chowienczyk PJ, Brett SE et al. Nebivolol vasodilates human forearm vasculature: Evidence for an l-arginine/NO dependent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Therap 1995; 374: 1067–71.
28. Zanchetti A. Clinical pharmacodynamics of nebivolol: new evidence of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilating activity and peculiar haemodynamic properties in hypertensive patients. Blood Pressure 2004; 13 (Suppl 1): 18–33.
29. Dawes M, Brett SE, Chowienczyk PJ et al. The vasodilator action of nebivolol in forearm vasculature of subjects with essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48: 460–3.
30. Himmelmann A, Hedner T, Snoeck E et al. Haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of oral dand l-nebivolol in hypertensive patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 51: 259–64.
31. Brett SE, Forte P, Chowienczyk et al. Comparison of the effects of nebivolol and bisoprolol on systemic vascular resistance in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22: 355–9.
32. Tzemos N, Lim PO, MacDonald TM. Nebivolol reverses endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. A randomized, double blind, cross-over study. Circulation 2001; 104: 511–4.
33. Pasini FA, Garbin U, Nava MC et al. Nebivolol decreases oxidative stress in essential hypertensive patients and increases nitric oxide by reducing its oxidative inactivation J Hypertens. 2005; 23 (3): 589–96.
34. Pasinil AF, Garbin U, Stranieri C et al. doi 10.1038/ajh.2008.260. Nebivolol Treatment Reduces Serum Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertensive Patients. Am J Hypertens 2008. Publ online 4 Sept. 2008.
35. Garbina U, Pasinia AF, Stranieria C et al. Nebivolol reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine in endothelial cells by increasing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) expression and activity. Pharmacol Res 2007; 56: 515–521.
36. Flather M, Shibata M, Coats A et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 215–25.
37. Nodari S, Metra M, Dei Cas L. Beta blocker treatment of the patients with diastolic heart failure and arterial hypertension. A prospective, randomised comparison of the long-term effects of atenolol versus nebivolol. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5: 621–7.
38. Kamp O, Sieswerda GT, Visser CA. Favourable effects on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function of nebivolol in comparison to atenolol in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 344–8.
39. Masoli O, Redruello M, Balino NP et al. Use of Nebivolol For the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Hypertension: The EDEN Registry. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51 (2): 202–7.
40. Flather M, Shibata M, Coats A et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 215–25.

________________________________________________

1. Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. J Hypertens Suppl. 1996; 14 (5): S83–93.
2. Luscher TF, Tschudi MR, Dohi Y. Resistance arteries in hypertension role of the endothehum. In: Mulvany MJ, Aalkjaer C, Haegerty AM, Nyborg NCB, Strandgaard S (eds). Resistance Arteries, Structure and Function. Elsevier Science Publishers B 1991: 312–5.
3. Rizzoni D, Porteri E, Castellano M et al. Vascular hypertrophy and remodeling in secondary hypertension. Hypertension 1996; 28: 785–90. Cockcroft JR, Chowienczyk PJ, Benjamin N, Ritter JM. Preserved endothelium dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1036–40.
4. Katusic ZS. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Am. J Physiol 2001; 281: H981–6.
5. Ignarro LJ, Bug GM, Wood KS. Endothelium derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1987; 84: 9265–9. Ignarro LJ. Biosynthesis and metabolism of endotheliumderived nitric oxide. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1990; 30: 535–60.
6. Moncada S. The l-arginine nitric oxide pathway. Acta Physiol Scand 1992; 145: 201–22.
7. Rossi M, Taddei S, Fabbri A et al. Cutaneous vasodilation to acetylcholine in patients with essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1997; 29: 406–11.
8. Taddei S, Virdis A, Mattei P, Salvetti A. Vasodilation to acetylcholine in primary and secondary forms of human hypertension. Hypertension 1993; 21: 929–33.
9. Lijnder L, Kiowski W, Buhler FR, Luscher TF. Indirect evidence for the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the human forearm circulation in vivo: blunted response in essential hypertension. Circulation 1990; 81: 1762–7.
10. Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Brush Jr JE, Epstein SE. Abnormal endothelium dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 22–7.
11. Brush JE, Faxon DP, Salmon S et al. Abnormal endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 809–15.
12. Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Salvetti A. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: fact or fancy? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32 (Suppl 3): S41–7.
13. Rizzoni D, Castellano M, Porten E et al. Vascular structural and functional alterations before and after the development of hypertension m SHR. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7: 193–200.
14. Rizzoni D, Castellano M, Porten E et al. Delayed development of hypertension after short-term nitren-dipine treatment Hypertension 1994; 24: 131–9.
15. Rizzoni D, Castellano M, Porten E et al. Effects of low and high doses of fosinopnl on the structure and function of resistance arteries Hypertension 1995; 26: 118–23.
16. Rizzoni D, Porteri E, Castellano M et al. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension Is Independent From the Etiology and From Vascular Structure. Hypertension 1998; 31; 335–41.
17. Schiffrin EL, Deng LY. Comparison of effects of angiotensm I-converting enzyme inhibition and beta-blockade for 2 years on function of small arteries from hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1995; 25 (Part 2): 699–703.
18. Schiffrin EL, Deng I-Y. Structure and function of resistance arteries of hypertensive patients treated with a beta-blocker or a calcium channel antagonists J Hyperrens 1996; 14: 1247–55.
19. Umans JG. Less nitric oxide, more pressure, or the converse ? Commentary Lancet 1997; 349: 837–16.
20. Taddei S, Virdis A, Mattei P et al. Defective L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in offspring of essential hypertensive patients. Circulation 1996; 94: 1298–303.
21. Al Suwaidi JA, Hamasaki S, Higano ST et al. Long term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2000; 101: 948–54.
22. Schachinger V, Britten MB, Zeiher AM. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation 2000; 101: 1899–906.
23. Neunteufl T, Heher S, Katzenschlager R et al. Late prognostic value of flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery of patients with chest pain. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 207–10.
24. Heitzer T, Schlinzig T, Krohn K et al. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease. Circulation 2001; 104: 2673–8.
25. Perticone F, Ceravolo R, Pujia A et al. Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2001; 104: 191–6.
26. Gao YS, Nagao T, Bond RA et al. Nebivolol induces endothelium-dependent relaxations of canine coronary arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991; 17: 964–9.
27. Cockcroft JR, Chowienczyk PJ, Brett SE et al. Nebivolol vasodilates human forearm vasculature: Evidence for an l-arginine/NO dependent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Therap 1995; 374: 1067–71.
28. Zanchetti A. Clinical pharmacodynamics of nebivolol: new evidence of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilating activity and peculiar haemodynamic properties in hypertensive patients. Blood Pressure 2004; 13 (Suppl 1): 18–33.
29. Dawes M, Brett SE, Chowienczyk PJ et al. The vasodilator action of nebivolol in forearm vasculature of subjects with essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48: 460–3.
30. Himmelmann A, Hedner T, Snoeck E et al. Haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of oral dand l-nebivolol in hypertensive patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 51: 259–64.
31. Brett SE, Forte P, Chowienczyk et al. Comparison of the effects of nebivolol and bisoprolol on systemic vascular resistance in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22: 355–9.
32. Tzemos N, Lim PO, MacDonald TM. Nebivolol reverses endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. A randomized, double blind, cross-over study. Circulation 2001; 104: 511–4.
33. Pasini FA, Garbin U, Nava MC et al. Nebivolol decreases oxidative stress in essential hypertensive patients and increases nitric oxide by reducing its oxidative inactivation J Hypertens. 2005; 23 (3): 589–96.
34. Pasinil AF, Garbin U, Stranieri C et al. doi 10.1038/ajh.2008.260. Nebivolol Treatment Reduces Serum Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertensive Patients. Am J Hypertens 2008. Publ online 4 Sept. 2008.
35. Garbina U, Pasinia AF, Stranieria C et al. Nebivolol reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine in endothelial cells by increasing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) expression and activity. Pharmacol Res 2007; 56: 515–521.
36. Flather M, Shibata M, Coats A et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 215–25.
37. Nodari S, Metra M, Dei Cas L. Beta blocker treatment of the patients with diastolic heart failure and arterial hypertension. A prospective, randomised comparison of the long-term effects of atenolol versus nebivolol. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5: 621–7.
38. Kamp O, Sieswerda GT, Visser CA. Favourable effects on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function of nebivolol in comparison to atenolol in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 344–8.
39. Masoli O, Redruello M, Balino NP et al. Use of Nebivolol For the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Hypertension: The EDEN Registry. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51 (2): 202–7.
40. Flather M, Shibata M, Coats A et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 215–25.

Н.А.Ваулин

ГКБ №29, Москва

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N.A.Vaulin