Метаболический синдром

1. Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595–1607.
2. Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1514–1520.
3. Bjorntop P. "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Aterosclerosis 1990; 10: 493–6.
4. Julius S, Gudbrandsson T, Jamerson K et al. The hemodynamic link between insulin resistance and hypertension. J Hypertens 1991; 9: 983–6.
5. Hone J, Accili D, Al-Gazali LI et al. Homozygosity for a new mutation (ILe - Met) in the insulin receptor gene in five sibs with familial insulin resistance. J Med Genet 1994; 31: 715–6.
6. Widen E, Lehto M, Kannen T et al. Association of a polymorphism in the β3-adrenergic-receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. New Engl J Med 1995; 333: 348–51.
7. Neel JM. Diabetes mellitus: a thrifty genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"? Am J Hum Genet 1962; 14(2): 353–62.
8. Piatti PM, Monti LD et al. Forearm insulin-and-non-insulin mediated glucose uptake and muscle metabolism in man: role of free fatty acids and blood glucose levels. Metab Clin Exp 1991; 40: 926–33.
9. Evans DJ, Murray R, Kisselbah AH. Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin mediated glucose disposal, and insulin binding. Effects of obesity and body fat topography. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 74(4): 1515–25.
10. Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. Vital exhauston, anger expression, pituatry and adrenocortical hormones. Implications for the insulin resistance syndrime: Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 1996; 16: 273–88.
11. Uysal KT, Wiesbrock SM, Marino MW et al. Protection from obecity – induced insulin resistance in mice. Lacking TNF-alpha function. Nature 1997; 389: 610–4.
12. Muller G, Ertl J, Gerl M, Preibisch G. Leptin impairs metabolic actions of insulin in isolated rat adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 10585–93.
13. Kern PA, Saghizadeh M, Ong JM et al. The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2111–9.
14. Howard BV. Lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes mellitus. J Lipid Res 1987; 28: 613–28.
15. Lissner L, Bengtsson C, Lapidus L, Kristjansson K, Wedel H. Fasting insulin in relation to subsequent blood pressure changes and hypertension in women. Hypertension 1992; 20: 797–801.
16. Kamide K, Hori M, Zhu J et al. Insulin-mediated growth in aortic smooth muscle and the vascular rennin-angiotensin system. Hypertension 1998; 32: 482–7.
17. Taddei S, Virdis A, Chiadoni L, Salvetti A. The pivotal role of endothelium in hypertension. Medicographia 1999; 59: 21–9.

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1. Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595–1607.
2. Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1514–1520.
3. Bjorntop P. "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Aterosclerosis 1990; 10: 493–6.
4. Julius S, Gudbrandsson T, Jamerson K et al. The hemodynamic link between insulin resistance and hypertension. J Hypertens 1991; 9: 983–6.
5. Hone J, Accili D, Al-Gazali LI et al. Homozygosity for a new mutation (ILe - Met) in the insulin receptor gene in five sibs with familial insulin resistance. J Med Genet 1994; 31: 715–6.
6. Widen E, Lehto M, Kannen T et al. Association of a polymorphism in the β3-adrenergic-receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. New Engl J Med 1995; 333: 348–51.
7. Neel JM. Diabetes mellitus: a thrifty genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"? Am J Hum Genet 1962; 14(2): 353–62.
8. Piatti PM, Monti LD et al. Forearm insulin-and-non-insulin mediated glucose uptake and muscle metabolism in man: role of free fatty acids and blood glucose levels. Metab Clin Exp 1991; 40: 926–33.
9. Evans DJ, Murray R, Kisselbah AH. Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin mediated glucose disposal, and insulin binding. Effects of obesity and body fat topography. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 74(4): 1515–25.
10. Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. Vital exhauston, anger expression, pituatry and adrenocortical hormones. Implications for the insulin resistance syndrime: Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 1996; 16: 273–88.
11. Uysal KT, Wiesbrock SM, Marino MW et al. Protection from obecity – induced insulin resistance in mice. Lacking TNF-alpha function. Nature 1997; 389: 610–4.
12. Muller G, Ertl J, Gerl M, Preibisch G. Leptin impairs metabolic actions of insulin in isolated rat adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 10585–93.
13. Kern PA, Saghizadeh M, Ong JM et al. The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2111–9.
14. Howard BV. Lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes mellitus. J Lipid Res 1987; 28: 613–28.
15. Lissner L, Bengtsson C, Lapidus L, Kristjansson K, Wedel H. Fasting insulin in relation to subsequent blood pressure changes and hypertension in women. Hypertension 1992; 20: 797–801.
16. Kamide K, Hori M, Zhu J et al. Insulin-mediated growth in aortic smooth muscle and the vascular rennin-angiotensin system. Hypertension 1998; 32: 482–7.
17. Taddei S, Virdis A, Chiadoni L, Salvetti A. The pivotal role of endothelium in hypertension. Medicographia 1999; 59: 21–9.

В.Б.Мычка, И.Е.Чазова

Отдел системных гипертензий Института клинической кардиологии им. А.Л.Мясникова, ФГУ Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс Росмедтехнологий, Москва

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V.B. Mychka, I.E. Chazova