Ранее проведенные исследования показали взаимосвязь между артериальной гипертензией (АГ) и когнитивными функциями, однако этот вопрос является малоизученным. В статье представлены данные самого крупного исследования, посвященного данной проблеме, – OSCAR(открытое исследование, проведенное в 28 странах), целью которого являлась оценка влияния терапии эпросартаном на когнитивную функцию. Для оценки когнитивной функции использовали краткую шкалу оценки психического статуса (MMSE). Наблюдали 42 412 больных АГ в возрасте от 50 лет в течение 6 мес. Терапия АГ включала эпросартан в моно- или комбинированной терапии в дозе 600 мг 1 раз в сутки. Применение эпросартана как в режиме монотерапии, так и в комбинации с другими препаратами приводило к достоверному снижению артериального давления (АД) с 161,9/93,1 до 136,1/80,8 мм рт. ст. через 6 мес (p<0,0001). Общий средний балл по краткой шкале MMSE составил 27,9±2,9 в конце периода наблюдения по сравнению с 27,1±3,4 на момент включения (p<0,0001). Выявлена достоверная корреляция между средним абсолютным баллом по MMSE и величиной снижения систолического АД. В конце исследования пациенты с систолическим АД менее 140 мм рт. ст. имели более выраженное улучшение по MMSE(0,88±0,01) по сравнению с теми, у кого систолическое АД было равно 140–159 мм рт. ст. (0,69±0,02; p<0,001), или теми, у кого систолическое АД было 160 мм рт. ст. и более (0,38±0,05; p<0,0001). Результаты исследования OSCAR доказывают, что адекватное снижение систолического АД позволяет улучшить когнитивные функции, а также подтверждают о том, что антигипертензивная терапия на основе препаратов, блокирующих ренин-ангиотензиновую систему, ассоциируется с особой эффективностью в церебропротекции.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, систолическое артериальное давление, когнитивные функции, антигипертензивная терапия, блокаторы рецепторов к ангиотензину II.
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Previous studies have shown an association between essential hypertension (EH) and cognitive functions; however, this issue is little studied. The paper gives the data of the largest study of this problem – Observational Study on Cognitive function And SBP Reduction (OSCAR), an open-label study conducted in 28 countries. Its aim was to evaluate the impact of eprosartan therapy on cognitive function. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was used to assess cognitive function; 42412 hypertensive patients over 50 years of age were followed up for 6 months. Treatment of EH involved eprosartan used as mono- and combination therapy in a single daily dose of 600 mg. The use of eprosartan both alone and in combination with other drugs resulted in a significant reduction in blood pressure (BP) from 161,9/93,1 to 136,1/80,8 mm Hg following 6 months (p<0,0001). The total mean MMSE score was 27,9±2,9 at the end of the follow-up versus 27,1±3,4 at baseline (p<0,0001). A significant correlation was found between the mean absolute MMSE score and the magnitude of a reduction in systolic BP. At the end of the study, the patients with a systolic BP of less than 140 mm Hg showed an obvious improvement in MMSE scores (0,88±0,01) as compared with those who had a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg (0,69±0,02); p<0,001) or those who had a systolic BP of >160 mm Hg (0,38±0,05); p<0,0001). The results of the OSCAR study prove that an adequate systolic BP lowering improves cognitive function and support the existing hypothesis that antihypertensive therapy based on renin-angiotensin system blockers is associated with its special efficiency in cerebral protection.
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