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Применение торасемида у больных артериальной гипертонией: доказательные и практические подходы
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Аннотация
В статье обсуждается роль диуретиков при лечении артериальной гипертонии (АГ). Приводятся доказательные основы терапии диуретиками. Рассматриваются показания к применению петлевых диуретиков в лечении АГ, а также возможная роль использования торасемида у больных АГ в определенных клинических ситуациях.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, диуретики, торасемид.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, диуретики, торасемид.
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The article deals with therole of diuretics in treatment of patients suffering from arterial hypertension (AH). We showed evidence-based results of diuretic therapy. We discussed the loop diuretic indications in treatment patients with AH, as well as the possible role of torasemide application in AH patients in certain clinical cases.
Key words: arterial hypertension, diuretics, torasemide.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии (Рекомендации Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертонии и Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов). Системные гипертензии 2010; 3: 5–26.
2. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507–20.
3. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2159–219.
4. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
5. Carter BL, Ernst ME, Cohen JD. Hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone: evidence supporting their interchangeability. Hypertension 2004; 43: 4–9.
6. McLeod PJ, Ogilvie RI, Ruedy J. Effects of large and small doses of hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1970; 11: 733–9.
7. Freis ED, Reda DJ, Materson BJ. Volume (weight) loss and blood pressure response following thiazide diuretics. Hypertension 1988; 12: 244–50.
8. Kohvakka A, Salo H, Gordin A, Eisalo A. Antihypertensive and biochemical effects of different doses of hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with triamterene. Acta Med Scand 1986; 219: 381–6.
9. Degnbol B, Dorph S, Marner T. The effect of different diuretics on elevated blood pressure and serum potassium. Acta Med Scand 1973; 193: 407–10.
10. Beermann B, Groschinsky-Grind M. Antihypertensive effect of various doses of hydrochlorothiazide and its relation to the plasma level of the drug. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1978; 13: 195–201.
11. Cushman WC, Khatri I, Materson BJ et al. Treatment of hypertension in the elderly, III: response of isolated systolic hypertension to various doses of hydrochlorothiazide: results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1954–60.
12. Skoularigis J, Strugo V, Chopamba A et al. Low dose hydrochlorothiazide (12,5 to 25 mg daily) as monotherapy in black patients with mild to moderate hypertension: assessment by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8 (pt. 1): 1046–50.
13. McKenney JM, Goodman RP, Wright JT et al. The effect of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, serum potassium, and lipoproteins. Pharmacotherapy 1986; 6: 179–84.
14. Jounela AJ, Lilja M, Lumme J et al. Relation between low dose of hydrochlorothiazide, antihypertensive effect and adverse effects. Blood Press 1994; 3: 231–5.
15. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD et al. Left ventricular mass and incidence of coronary heart disease in an elderly cohort. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 101–7.
16. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD et al. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham heart study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1561–6.
17. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C et al. Prognostic significance of serial changes in left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Circulation 1998; 97: 48–54.
18. Devereux RB, Wachtell K, Gerdts E et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during treatment of hypertension. JAMA 2004; 292: 2350–6.
19. Long-Ernst ME, Neaton JD, Grimm RH et al. Long-term effects of chlorthalidone versus hydrochlorothiazide on electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Hypertension 2011; 58: 1001–7.
20. SDI/Verispan, VONA, Full year 2008. Drug topics. 2010; www.drugtopics.com
21. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560–72.
22. Messerli FH, Makani H, Benjo A et al. Antihypertensive Efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide as Evaluated by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 590–600.
23. Materson BJ, Reda DJ, Cushman WC et al. Single-drug therapy for hypertension in men: a comparison of six antihypertensive agents with placebo. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 914–21.
24. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S et al. Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment. A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 2008; 51: 1403–19.
25. O'Riordan M. Obesity paradox observed with hydrochlorothiazide, not amlodipine: ACCOMPLISH. 2012; theheart.org
26. Kent ST, Shimbo D, Huang L et al. Antihypertensive medication classes used among medicare beneficiaries initiating treatment in 2007–2010. PLoS One 2014; 9 (8): e105888. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105888
27. Ernst ME, Moser M. Use of Diuretics in Patients with Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2153–64.
28. Knauf H, Mutschler E. Diuretic effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide alone and in combination in chronic renal failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995; 26: 394–400.
29. Dussol B, Moussi-Frances J, Morange S et al. A randomized trial of furosemide vs hydrochlorothiazide in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20: 349–53.
30. Sica DA, Moser M, Black H et al. Diuretic therapy in cardiovascular disease. Hypertension: a companion to Braunwald’s heart disease. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 2007.
31. Paton RR, Kane RE. Long-term diuretic therapy with metolazone of renal failure and the nephrotic syndrome. J Clin Pharmacol 1977; 17: 243–51.
32. De la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR et al. Clinical Features of 8295 Patients With Resistant Hypertension Classified on the Basis of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Hypertension 2011; 57: 898–902.
33. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Augustine JE. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemody-namic management to specialist care. Hypertension 2002; 39: 982–8.
34. Garg JP, Elliott WJ, Folker A et al. Resistant hypertension revisited: a comparison of 2 university-based cohorts. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 619–26.
35. Vlase HL, Panagopoulos G, Michelis MF. Effectiveness of furosemide in uncon-trolled hypertension in the elderly: role of renin profiling. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16: 187–93.
36. Ernst ME, Carter BL, Goerdt CJ et al. Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure. Hypertension 2006; 47: 352–8.
37. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
38. Mortality after 10 1/2 years for hypertensive participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Circulation 1990; 82: 1616–28.
39. Sica DA. Chlorthalidone: has it always been the best thiazide-type diuretic? Hypertension 2006; 47: 321–2.
40. Преображенский Д.В., Сидоренко Б.A., Тарыкина Е.В. и др. Торасемид – петлевой диуретик нового поколения: особенности клинической фармакологии и терапевтическое применение. Кардиология. 2006; 10: 75–86.
41. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
42. Puschett JB, Jordan LL, Eichelbaum FM et al. Mode of action of torasemide in man. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol Stuttgart–New York, 1990; 8 (1): 3–13.
43. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a non-diuretic dose of torasemide as once-daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients. A randomized and double-blind study. Eds. F.М.Eichelbaum et al. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol Stuttgart–New York, 1990; 8 (1): 183–209.
44. Barr WH, Smith H, Karnes HT et al. Comparison of bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide in young and elderly healthy volunteers. Eds. F.M.Eichelbaum et al. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol Stuttgart–New York, 1990; 8 (1): 15–28.
45. Finnerty FA Jr, Maxwell MH, Lunn J, Moser M. Long-term effects of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension: a two-year comparison of efficacy and safety. Angiology 1977; 28: 125–33.
46. Uchida T, Yamanaga K, Nishikawa M et al. Anti-aldosteronergic effect of torasemide. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 26: 145–50.
47. Tsutamoto T, Sakai H, Wada A et al. Torasemide inhibits transcardiac extraction of aldosterone in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 2252–3.
48. Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Maeda K et al. Spironolactone inhibits the transcardiac extraction of aldosterone in patients with congestive heart failure J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 838–44.
49. López B, González A, Beaumont J et al. Identification of a potential cardiac antifibrotic mechanism of torasemide in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 859–67.
50. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
51. Luft FC. Torasemide in the treatment of arterial hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 22 (Suppl. 3): S32–9.
52. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
2. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507–20.
3. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2159–219.
4. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
5. Carter BL, Ernst ME, Cohen JD. Hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone: evidence supporting their interchangeability. Hypertension 2004; 43: 4–9.
6. McLeod PJ, Ogilvie RI, Ruedy J. Effects of large and small doses of hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1970; 11: 733–9.
7. Freis ED, Reda DJ, Materson BJ. Volume (weight) loss and blood pressure response following thiazide diuretics. Hypertension 1988; 12: 244–50.
8. Kohvakka A, Salo H, Gordin A, Eisalo A. Antihypertensive and biochemical effects of different doses of hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with triamterene. Acta Med Scand 1986; 219: 381–6.
9. Degnbol B, Dorph S, Marner T. The effect of different diuretics on elevated blood pressure and serum potassium. Acta Med Scand 1973; 193: 407–10.
10. Beermann B, Groschinsky-Grind M. Antihypertensive effect of various doses of hydrochlorothiazide and its relation to the plasma level of the drug. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1978; 13: 195–201.
11. Cushman WC, Khatri I, Materson BJ et al. Treatment of hypertension in the elderly, III: response of isolated systolic hypertension to various doses of hydrochlorothiazide: results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1954–60.
12. Skoularigis J, Strugo V, Chopamba A et al. Low dose hydrochlorothiazide (12,5 to 25 mg daily) as monotherapy in black patients with mild to moderate hypertension: assessment by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8 (pt. 1): 1046–50.
13. McKenney JM, Goodman RP, Wright JT et al. The effect of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, serum potassium, and lipoproteins. Pharmacotherapy 1986; 6: 179–84.
14. Jounela AJ, Lilja M, Lumme J et al. Relation between low dose of hydrochlorothiazide, antihypertensive effect and adverse effects. Blood Press 1994; 3: 231–5.
15. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD et al. Left ventricular mass and incidence of coronary heart disease in an elderly cohort. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 101–7.
16. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD et al. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham heart study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1561–6.
17. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C et al. Prognostic significance of serial changes in left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Circulation 1998; 97: 48–54.
18. Devereux RB, Wachtell K, Gerdts E et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during treatment of hypertension. JAMA 2004; 292: 2350–6.
19. Long-Ernst ME, Neaton JD, Grimm RH et al. Long-term effects of chlorthalidone versus hydrochlorothiazide on electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Hypertension 2011; 58: 1001–7.
20. SDI/Verispan, VONA, Full year 2008. Drug topics. 2010; www.drugtopics.com
21. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560–72.
22. Messerli FH, Makani H, Benjo A et al. Antihypertensive Efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide as Evaluated by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 590–600.
23. Materson BJ, Reda DJ, Cushman WC et al. Single-drug therapy for hypertension in men: a comparison of six antihypertensive agents with placebo. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 914–21.
24. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S et al. Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment. A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 2008; 51: 1403–19.
25. O'Riordan M. Obesity paradox observed with hydrochlorothiazide, not amlodipine: ACCOMPLISH. 2012; theheart.org
26. Kent ST, Shimbo D, Huang L et al. Antihypertensive medication classes used among medicare beneficiaries initiating treatment in 2007–2010. PLoS One 2014; 9 (8): e105888. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105888
27. Ernst ME, Moser M. Use of Diuretics in Patients with Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2153–64.
28. Knauf H, Mutschler E. Diuretic effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide alone and in combination in chronic renal failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995; 26: 394–400.
29. Dussol B, Moussi-Frances J, Morange S et al. A randomized trial of furosemide vs hydrochlorothiazide in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20: 349–53.
30. Sica DA, Moser M, Black H et al. Diuretic therapy in cardiovascular disease. Hypertension: a companion to Braunwald’s heart disease. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 2007.
31. Paton RR, Kane RE. Long-term diuretic therapy with metolazone of renal failure and the nephrotic syndrome. J Clin Pharmacol 1977; 17: 243–51.
32. De la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR et al. Clinical Features of 8295 Patients With Resistant Hypertension Classified on the Basis of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Hypertension 2011; 57: 898–902.
33. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Augustine JE. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemody-namic management to specialist care. Hypertension 2002; 39: 982–8.
34. Garg JP, Elliott WJ, Folker A et al. Resistant hypertension revisited: a comparison of 2 university-based cohorts. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 619–26.
35. Vlase HL, Panagopoulos G, Michelis MF. Effectiveness of furosemide in uncon-trolled hypertension in the elderly: role of renin profiling. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16: 187–93.
36. Ernst ME, Carter BL, Goerdt CJ et al. Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure. Hypertension 2006; 47: 352–8.
37. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
38. Mortality after 10 1/2 years for hypertensive participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Circulation 1990; 82: 1616–28.
39. Sica DA. Chlorthalidone: has it always been the best thiazide-type diuretic? Hypertension 2006; 47: 321–2.
40. Преображенский Д.В., Сидоренко Б.A., Тарыкина Е.В. и др. Торасемид – петлевой диуретик нового поколения: особенности клинической фармакологии и терапевтическое применение. Кардиология. 2006; 10: 75–86.
41. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
42. Puschett JB, Jordan LL, Eichelbaum FM et al. Mode of action of torasemide in man. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol Stuttgart–New York, 1990; 8 (1): 3–13.
43. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a non-diuretic dose of torasemide as once-daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients. A randomized and double-blind study. Eds. F.М.Eichelbaum et al. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol Stuttgart–New York, 1990; 8 (1): 183–209.
44. Barr WH, Smith H, Karnes HT et al. Comparison of bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide in young and elderly healthy volunteers. Eds. F.M.Eichelbaum et al. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol Stuttgart–New York, 1990; 8 (1): 15–28.
45. Finnerty FA Jr, Maxwell MH, Lunn J, Moser M. Long-term effects of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension: a two-year comparison of efficacy and safety. Angiology 1977; 28: 125–33.
46. Uchida T, Yamanaga K, Nishikawa M et al. Anti-aldosteronergic effect of torasemide. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 26: 145–50.
47. Tsutamoto T, Sakai H, Wada A et al. Torasemide inhibits transcardiac extraction of aldosterone in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 2252–3.
48. Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Maeda K et al. Spironolactone inhibits the transcardiac extraction of aldosterone in patients with congestive heart failure J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 838–44.
49. López B, González A, Beaumont J et al. Identification of a potential cardiac antifibrotic mechanism of torasemide in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 859–67.
50. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
51. Luft FC. Torasemide in the treatment of arterial hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 22 (Suppl. 3): S32–9.
52. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
Авторы
С.Р.Гиляревский*1, И.М.Кузьмина2, М.В.Голшмид1
1 Кафедра клинической фармакологии и терапии ГБОУ ДПО РМАПО Минздрава России, Москва;
2 ГБУЗ Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В.Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы
*sgilarevsky@rambler.ru
1 Кафедра клинической фармакологии и терапии ГБОУ ДПО РМАПО Минздрава России, Москва;
2 ГБУЗ Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В.Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы
*sgilarevsky@rambler.ru
________________________________________________
S.R.Gilyarevsky*, I.M.Kuzmina, M.V.Golshmid
*sgilarevsky@rambler.ru
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