Роль b-адреноблокаторов в лечении артериальной гипертонии: что мы знаем сегодня

1. Ahlquist RP. A study of theadrenotropic receptors. Am J Physiol 1948; 153: 586–600.
2. Ощепкова Е.В. Роль b-блокаторов в лечении артериальной гипертензии. Кардиология 2005; 3: 39–42. / Oshchepkova E.V. Rol' b-blokatorov v lechenii arterial'noi gipertenzii. Kardiologiia 2005; 3: 39–42. [In Russian]
3. Рациональная фармакотерапия сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Руководство для практикующих врачей под общей редакцией Е.И. Чазова, Ю.А. Карпова. 2-е изд. М.: Литтерра, 2014. / Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii. Rukovodstvo dlia praktikuiushchikh vrachei pod obshchei redaktsiei E.I. Chazova, Iu.A. Karpova. 2-e izd. M.: Litterra, 2014. [In Russian]
4. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Клинические рекомендации. Кардиологический вестн. 2015; 1: 3–30. / Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertonii. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Kardiologicheskii vestn. 2015; 1: 3–30. [In Russian]
5. Krause T, Lovibond K, Caulfield M et al. Managemant of hypertension: summary of NICE guildelines. BMJ 2011; p. 343.
6. James P, Oparil S, Carter B. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427
7. Webera M, Schiffrinb E, Whitec W. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community A Statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2014, 32: 3–15.
8. Messerli F, Grossman E, Goldbourt U. Are beta-blockers efficacious as first-line therapy for hypertension in the Elderly? JAMA 1998; 279: 1903–7.
9. Lever A, Brennan P. MRC trial of treatment in elderly hypertensives. High Blood Press 1992; 1: 132–7.
10. Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR. For the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT–BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895–906.
11. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen S et al. For the LIFE Study group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995–1003.
12. Elliott W, Meyer P. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 201–7.
13. Williams B. b-Blockers and the treatment of hypertension. J Hypertens 2007; 25: 1351–3.
14. Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Cohen JD et al. INVEST Investigators. Verapamil-sustained release-based treatment strategy is equivalent to atenolol-based treatment strategy at reducing cardiovascular events in patients with prior myocardial infarction: an International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril (INVEST) substudy. Am Heart J 2008; 156 (2): 241–7.
15. Law M, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the p context of expectations from prospective revention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: 1665.
16. Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P et al. b-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease. REACH registry. JAMA 2012; 308 (13): 1340–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.12559.
17. Wiyonge CS, Bradley HA, Volmink J et al. Beta-blockers for hypertension (Cochraine Database Syst Rev). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012.
18. Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil H et al. On behalf of the UK Prospective Study group. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321: 412–9.
19. Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK et al. Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med 2009; 122: 290–300.
20. Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kizer JR et al. High central pulse pressure is independently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome the strong heart study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 1730–4.
21. Williams B, Lacy P. For the CAFE and the ASCOT (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial) Investigators Impact of Heart Rate on Central Aortic Pressures and Hemodynamics Analysis From the CAFE (Conduit Artery Function Evaluation) Study: CAFE-Heart Rate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 705–13.
22. Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM et al. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation 2006; 113: 1213–25.
23. Manisty CH, Hughes AD. Meta-analysis of the comparative effects of different classes of antihypertensive agents on brachial and central systolic blood pressure, and augmentation index. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04342.x.
24. Dart AM, Cameron JD, Gatzka CD et al. Similar effects of treatment on central and brachial blood pressures in older hypertensive subjects in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Trial. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1242–7.
25. Mitchell GF, Conlin PR, Dunlap ME et al. Aortic diameter, wall stiffness, and wave reflection in systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2008; 51: 105–11.
26. Zanchetti A. Clinical pharmacodynamics of nebivolol: new evidence of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilating activity and peculiar haemodynamic properties in hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2004; 13 (Suppl. 1): 18–33.
27. Dhakam Z, Yasmin, McEniery CM et al. A comparison of atenolol and nebivolol in isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 2008; 26: 351–6.
28. Mancia G, Grassi G, Zanchetti A. New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 3–10.
29. Mancia G, Bombelli M, Facchetti R et al. Long-term risk of diabetes, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy associated with the metabolic syndrome in a general population. J Hypertens 2008; 26: 1602–11.
30. Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman E, Messerli FH. A meta-analysis of 94,492 patients with hypertension treated with beta blockers to determine the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100: 1254–62.
31. Zanchetti A, Hennig M, Baurecht H et al. Prevalence and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness. J Hypertens 2007; 25: 2463–70.
32. Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Freudenberger RS et al. SHEP Collaborative Research Group. Long-term effect ofdiuretic-based therapy on fatal outcomes in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension with and without diabetes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 29–35.
33. Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA et al. Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Circulation 2007; 116: 151–7.
34. Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Julius S. Risk/benefit assessment of betablockers and diuretics precludes their use for first-line therapy in hypertension. Circulation 2008; 117: 2706–15.
35. Mozaffarian D, Marfisi R, Levantesi G et al. Incidence of new-onset diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in patients with recent myocardial infarction and the effect of clinical and lifestyle risk factors. Lancet 2007; 370: 667–75.
36. Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S. Diabetes and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1999; 33: 1130–4.
37. Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE et al. GEMINI Investigators. Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 2227–36.
38. Celik T, Iyisoy A, Kursaklioglu H et al. Comparative effects of nebivolol and metoprolol on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin and soluble P-selectin levels in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 591–6.
39. Kaiser T, Heise T, Nosek L et al. Influence of nebivolol and enalapril on metabolic parameters and arterial stiffness in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 1397–403.
40. Жернакова Ю.В. Клиническая характеристика различных вариантов течения метаболического синдрома и возможности влияния антигипертензивной терапии на уровень артериального давления, состояние углеводного, липидного обменов и выраженность ожирения у больных артериальной гипертонией и метаболическим синдромом. Дис. ... д-ра мед. наук. М., 2012. / Zhernakova Iu.V. Klinicheskaia kharakteristika razlichnykh variantov techeniia metabolicheskogo sindroma i vozmozhnosti vliianiia antigipertenzivnoi terapii na uroven' arterial'nogo davleniia, sostoianie uglevodnogo, lipidnogo obmenov i vyrazhennost' ozhireniia u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei i metabolicheskim sindromom. Dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. M., 2012. [In Russian]
41. Klingbeil AU, Schneider M, Martus P et al. A metaanalysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Med 2003; 115: 41–6.
42. Laurent S, Briet M, Boutouyrie P. Large/small artery cross talk and recent morbidity-mortality trials in hypertension. Hypertension 2009; 54: 388–92.
43. Grimm RHJr, Grandits GA, Prineas RJ et al. Long-term effects on sexual function of five antihypertensive drugs and nutritional hygienic treatment in hypertensive men and women. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS). Hypertension 1997; 29: 8–14.
44. Goose P, Roudault R, Herrero G et al. Beta-blockers vs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension: effects of left ventricular hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 16 (Suppl. 5): 145–50.
45. McMurray JJV, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC) Eur Heart J 2012; 14 (8): 803–69.
46. Torp-Pedersen C, Metra M, Charlesworth A et al. Effects of metoprolol and carvedilol on preexisting and new onset diabetes in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET). Heart 2007; 93: 968–73.
47. Agabiti Rosei E, Rizzoni D. Metabolic profile of nebivolol, a beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist with unique characteristics. Drugs 2007; 67: 1097–107.
48. Galderisi M, D’Enrico A, Sidiropulos M et al. Nebivolol induces parallel improvement of left ventricular filling pressure and coronary flow reserve in uncomplicated arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2009; 27: 2106–13.
49. Kuller LH, Ockene JK, Townsend M et al. The epidemiology of pulmonary function and COPD mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 76–81.
50. Vilkman S, Keistinen T, Tuuponen T, Kivela SL. Survival and cause of death among elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after first admission to hospital. Respiration 1997; 64: 281–4.
51. Boulet LP, Franssen E. Influence of obesity on response to fluticasone with or without salmeterol in moderate asthma. Respir Med 2007; 101 (11): 2240–7.
52. Asthma. Ed by F.Chung. Eur Respir Mon 2003; 8: 295.
53. Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 2005; 366: 1545–53.
54. Wiysonge C, Bradley H, Mayosi B et al. Beta blockers for hypertension. Cochrane Database Review 2007; 1: CD002003.
55. Salpeter S, Ormiston T, Salpeter E. Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 19: CD003566
56. Овчаренко С.И., Литвинова И.В., Маколкин В.И. Использование кардиоселективного b-адреноблокатора метопролола сукцината у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистой патологией и бронхообструктивным синдромом. Клин. фармакология и терапия. 2006; 15 (4): 43–6. / Ovcharenko S.I., Litvinova I.V., Makolkin V.I. Ispol'zovanie kardioselektivnogo b-adrenoblokatora metoprolola suktsinata u patsientov s serdechno-sosudistoi patologiei i bronkhoobstruktivnym sindromom. Klin. farmakologiia i terapiia. 2006; 15 (4): 43–6 [In Russian]
57. Овчаренко С.И., Литвинова И.В., Маколкин В.И. Использование кардиоселективных b-адреноблокаторов у пациентов с артериальной гипертонией и/или ИБС и сопутствующим бронхообструктивным синдромом. Терапевт. арх. 2007; 9 (79): 12–8. / Ovcharenko S.I., Litvinova I.V., Makolkin V.I. Ispol'zovanie kardioselektivnykh b-adrenoblokatorov u patsientov s arterial'noi gipertoniei i/ili IBS i soputstvuiushchim bronkhoobstruktivnym sindromom. Terapevt. arkh. 2007; 9 (79): 12–8. [In Russian]
58. Овчаренко С.И., Литвинова И.В., Маколкин В.И. Успешное применение кардиоселективного бета-адреноблокатора небиволола у пациентов с артериальной гипертонией и/или ИБС и бронхообструктивным синдромом. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2007; 4: 57–62. / Ovcharenko S.I., Litvinova I.V., Makolkin V.I. Uspeshnoe primenenie kardioselektivnogo beta-adrenoblokatora nebivolola u patsientov s arterial'noi gipertoniei i/ili IBS i bronkhoobstruktivnym sindromom. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2007; 4: 57–62. [In Russian]
59. Овчаренко С.И., Литвинова И.В., Маколкин В.И. Селективные b-адреноблокаторы (небиволол и метопролола сукцинат) в терапии больных артериальной гипертонией и/или ишемической болезнью сердца в сочетании с бронхообструктивным синдромом: оценка эффективности и безопасности. Пульмонология. 2008; 3: 28–34. / Ovcharenko S.I., Litvinova I.V., Makolkin V.I. Selektivnye b-adrenoblokatory (nebivolol i metoprolola suktsinat) v terapii bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei i/ili ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa v sochetanii s bronkhoobstruktivnym sindromom: otsenka effektivnosti i bezopasnosti. Pul'monologiia. 2008; 3: 28–34. [In Russian]
60. Кукес В.Г., Остроумова О.Д., Мамаев В.И. и др. Эффективность и безопасность различных бета-блокаторов у пациентов с изолированной систолической гипертонией и сопутствующими сахарным диабетом и обструктивными заболеваниями легких. Терапевт. арх. 2003; 75: 43–7. / Kukes V.G., Ostroumova O.D., Mamaev V.I. i dr. Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' razlichnykh beta-blokatorov u patsientov s izolirovannoi sistolicheskoi gipertoniei i soputstvuiushchimi sakharnym diabetom i obstruktivnymi zabolevaniiami legkikh. Terapevt. arkh. 2003; 75: 43–7. [In Russian]
61. Fogari R, Preti P, Derosa G et al. Effect of antihypertensive treatment with valsartan or atenolol on sexual activity and plasma testosterone in hypertensive men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 58: 177–80.
62. Nur-Mammadova G, Mustafayev I. State of autonomic nervous system, penile hemodynamic and sexual function in men with arterial hypertension. Abstract. J Hypertens 2010; 28: 475e.
63. Erdmann E. Safety and tolerability of beta-blockers: prejudices ad reality. Eur Heart J 2009; 11: 21–5.
64. Radack K, Deck C. Beta-adrenergic blocker therapy does not worsen intermittent claudication in subjects with peripheral arterial disease. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1991; 151: 1769–76.
65. Paravastu SC, Mendonca DA, da Silva A. Beta blockers for peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009; 38: 66–70.
66. Feringa H, van Waning V, Bax J et al. Cardioprotective medications associated with improved survive in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47 (9): 1182–7.

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1. Ahlquist RP. A study of theadrenotropic receptors. Am J Physiol 1948; 153: 586–600.
2. Oshchepkova E.V. Rol' b-blokatorov v lechenii arterial'noi gipertenzii. Kardiologiia 2005; 3: 39–42. [In Russian]
3. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii. Rukovodstvo dlia praktikuiushchikh vrachei pod obshchei redaktsiei E.I. Chazova, Iu.A. Karpova. 2-e izd. M.: Litterra, 2014. [In Russian]
4. Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertonii. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Kardiologicheskii vestn. 2015; 1: 3–30. [In Russian]
5. Krause T, Lovibond K, Caulfield M et al. Managemant of hypertension: summary of NICE guildelines. BMJ 2011; p. 343.
6. James P, Oparil S, Carter B. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427
7. Webera M, Schiffrinb E, Whitec W. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community A Statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2014, 32: 3–15.
8. Messerli F, Grossman E, Goldbourt U. Are beta-blockers efficacious as first-line therapy for hypertension in the Elderly? JAMA 1998; 279: 1903–7.
9. Lever A, Brennan P. MRC trial of treatment in elderly hypertensives. High Blood Press 1992; 1: 132–7.
10. Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR. For the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT–BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895–906.
11. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen S et al. For the LIFE Study group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995–1003.
12. Elliott W, Meyer P. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 201–7.
13. Williams B. b-Blockers and the treatment of hypertension. J Hypertens 2007; 25: 1351–3.
14. Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Cohen JD et al. INVEST Investigators. Verapamil-sustained release-based treatment strategy is equivalent to atenolol-based treatment strategy at reducing cardiovascular events in patients with prior myocardial infarction: an International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril (INVEST) substudy. Am Heart J 2008; 156 (2): 241–7.
15. Law M, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the p context of expectations from prospective revention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: 1665.
16. Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P et al. b-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease. REACH registry. JAMA 2012; 308 (13): 1340–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.12559.
17. Wiyonge CS, Bradley HA, Volmink J et al. Beta-blockers for hypertension (Cochraine Database Syst Rev). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012.
18. Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil H et al. On behalf of the UK Prospective Study group. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321: 412–9.
19. Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK et al. Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med 2009; 122: 290–300.
20. Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kizer JR et al. High central pulse pressure is independently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome the strong heart study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 1730–4.
21. Williams B, Lacy P. For the CAFE and the ASCOT (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial) Investigators Impact of Heart Rate on Central Aortic Pressures and Hemodynamics Analysis From the CAFE (Conduit Artery Function Evaluation) Study: CAFE-Heart Rate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 705–13.
22. Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM et al. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation 2006; 113: 1213–25.
23. Manisty CH, Hughes AD. Meta-analysis of the comparative effects of different classes of antihypertensive agents on brachial and central systolic blood pressure, and augmentation index. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04342.x.
24. Dart AM, Cameron JD, Gatzka CD et al. Similar effects of treatment on central and brachial blood pressures in older hypertensive subjects in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Trial. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1242–7.
25. Mitchell GF, Conlin PR, Dunlap ME et al. Aortic diameter, wall stiffness, and wave reflection in systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2008; 51: 105–11.
26. Zanchetti A. Clinical pharmacodynamics of nebivolol: new evidence of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilating activity and peculiar haemodynamic properties in hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2004; 13 (Suppl. 1): 18–33.
27. Dhakam Z, Yasmin, McEniery CM et al. A comparison of atenolol and nebivolol in isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 2008; 26: 351–6.
28. Mancia G, Grassi G, Zanchetti A. New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 3–10.
29. Mancia G, Bombelli M, Facchetti R et al. Long-term risk of diabetes, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy associated with the metabolic syndrome in a general population. J Hypertens 2008; 26: 1602–11.
30. Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman E, Messerli FH. A meta-analysis of 94,492 patients with hypertension treated with beta blockers to determine the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100: 1254–62.
31. Zanchetti A, Hennig M, Baurecht H et al. Prevalence and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) and its relation with carotid intima-media thickness. J Hypertens 2007; 25: 2463–70.
32. Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Freudenberger RS et al. SHEP Collaborative Research Group. Long-term effect ofdiuretic-based therapy on fatal outcomes in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension with and without diabetes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 29–35.
33. Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA et al. Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Circulation 2007; 116: 151–7.
34. Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Julius S. Risk/benefit assessment of betablockers and diuretics precludes their use for first-line therapy in hypertension. Circulation 2008; 117: 2706–15.
35. Mozaffarian D, Marfisi R, Levantesi G et al. Incidence of new-onset diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in patients with recent myocardial infarction and the effect of clinical and lifestyle risk factors. Lancet 2007; 370: 667–75.
36. Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S. Diabetes and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1999; 33: 1130–4.
37. Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE et al. GEMINI Investigators. Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 2227–36.
38. Celik T, Iyisoy A, Kursaklioglu H et al. Comparative effects of nebivolol and metoprolol on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin and soluble P-selectin levels in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 591–6.
39. Kaiser T, Heise T, Nosek L et al. Influence of nebivolol and enalapril on metabolic parameters and arterial stiffness in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 1397–403.
40. Zhernakova Iu.V. Klinicheskaia kharakteristika razlichnykh variantov techeniia metabolicheskogo sindroma i vozmozhnosti vliianiia antigipertenzivnoi terapii na uroven' arterial'nogo davleniia, sostoianie uglevodnogo, lipidnogo obmenov i vyrazhennost' ozhireniia u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei i metabolicheskim sindromom. Dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. M., 2012. [In Russian]
41. Klingbeil AU, Schneider M, Martus P et al. A metaanalysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Med 2003; 115: 41–6.
42. Laurent S, Briet M, Boutouyrie P. Large/small artery cross talk and recent morbidity-mortality trials in hypertension. Hypertension 2009; 54: 388–92.
43. Grimm RHJr, Grandits GA, Prineas RJ et al. Long-term effects on sexual function of five antihypertensive drugs and nutritional hygienic treatment in hypertensive men and women. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS). Hypertension 1997; 29: 8–14.
44. Goose P, Roudault R, Herrero G et al. Beta-blockers vs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension: effects of left ventricular hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 16 (Suppl. 5): 145–50.
45. McMurray JJV, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC) Eur Heart J 2012; 14 (8): 803–69.
46. Torp-Pedersen C, Metra M, Charlesworth A et al. Effects of metoprolol and carvedilol on preexisting and new onset diabetes in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET). Heart 2007; 93: 968–73.
47. Agabiti Rosei E, Rizzoni D. Metabolic profile of nebivolol, a beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist with unique characteristics. Drugs 2007; 67: 1097–107.
48. Galderisi M, D’Enrico A, Sidiropulos M et al. Nebivolol induces parallel improvement of left ventricular filling pressure and coronary flow reserve in uncomplicated arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2009; 27: 2106–13.
49. Kuller LH, Ockene JK, Townsend M et al. The epidemiology of pulmonary function and COPD mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 76–81.
50. Vilkman S, Keistinen T, Tuuponen T, Kivela SL. Survival and cause of death among elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after first admission to hospital. Respiration 1997; 64: 281–4.
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Ю.В.Жернакова*, И.Е.Чазова

Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л.Мясникова ФГБУ Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс Минздрава России. 121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15а
*juli001@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Yu.V.Zhernakova*, I.E.Chazova

A.L.Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiological Scientific-Industrial Complex, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ia Cherepkovskaia, d. 15a
*juli001@mail.ru