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Современный взгляд на место b-адреноблокаторов в лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: выбор препарата внутри класса имеет определяющее значение - Журнал Системные Гипертензии Том 12, №4
Современный взгляд на место b-адреноблокаторов в лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: выбор препарата внутри класса имеет определяющее значение
Остроумова О.Д., Фомина В.М., Смолярчук Е.А. Современный взгляд на место b-адреноблокаторов в лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: выбор препарата внутри класса имеет определяющее значение. Системные гипертензии. 2015; 12 (4): 69–74.
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Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены вопросы применения b-адреноблокаторов (b-АБ) для лечения артериальной гипертензии, ишемической болезни сердца, хронической сердечной недостаточности. Приведены данные из современных российских и европейских рекомендаций о месте b-АБ при лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Подробно проанализирован выбор b-АБ внутри класса с позиций особенностей фармакокинетики, селективности, изученности в клинических исследованиях. Приведены данные об эффективности и безопасности применения метопролола сукцината для лечения артериальной гипертензии, ишемической болезни сердца, хронической сердечной недостаточности.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, ишемическая болезнь сердца, хроническая сердечная недостаточность, b-адреноблокаторы, метопролола сукцинат.
Key words: arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, β-blockers, metoprolol succinate.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, ишемическая болезнь сердца, хроническая сердечная недостаточность, b-адреноблокаторы, метопролола сукцинат.
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Key words: arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, β-blockers, metoprolol succinate.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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21. Sandberg A, Abrahamsson B, Regardh C-G et al. Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic aspects of once daily treatment with metoprolol CR/ZOK: a review article. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: S2–S16.
22. Lee Y-T, Liau C-S, Wong ECK et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of conventional and controlled release formulation of metoprolol in healthy Chinese subjects. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1989; 3 (4): 529–33.
23. Lucker P, Moore G, Wiselgren I et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of metoprolol CR/ZOK once daily with conventional tablets once daily and in divided doses. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30 (Suppl.): S17–S27.
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27. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Ohman EM et al. International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis. JAMA 2006; 295: 180–9.
28. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for thediagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report ofthe American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association TaskForce on, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: e44–64.
29. Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ent296.
30. Egstrup K, Gundersen T, Harkonen R et al. The antianginal efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release metoprolol once daily: a comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets twice daily. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S45–9.
31. Шпектор А.В., Васильева Е.Ю. Современные подходы к вторичной профилактике острого инфаркта миокарда. Креативная кардиология. 2014; 2: 71–80. / Shpektor A.V., Vasil'eva E.Iu. Sovremennye podkhody k vtorichnoi profilaktike ostrogo infarkta miokarda. Kreativnaia kardiologiia. 2014; 2: 71–80. [in Russian]
32. Кириченко А.А. Ишемическая болезнь сердца и контроль частоты сердечных сокращений. Сonsilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (5): 23–5. / Kirichenko A.A. Ishemicheskaia bolezn' serdtsa i kontrol' chastoty serdechnykh sokrashchenii. Sonsilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (5): 23–5. [in Russian]
33. McMurray JJV, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al. ESC Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787–847.
34. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311 (13): 819–23.
35. Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 1990; 82 (5): 1724–9.
36. Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Избранные лекции по кардиологии. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2006. / Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. Khronicheskaia serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. Izbrannye lektsii po kardiologii. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. [in Russian]
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38. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Lancet 1997; 349 (9049): 375–80.
39. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9–13.
40. Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F et al. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in chronic heart failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40 (3): 491–8.
2. Bradley HA, Wiyonge CS, Volmink VA et al. How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers as first line therapy for hypertension? J Hypertens 2006; 24: 2131–41.
3. Wiyonge CS, Bradley HA, Volmink J et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Nov 14, 11: CD002003.doi.
4. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the preventionof cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context ofexpectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
5. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of different bloodpressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in individuals with and withoutdiabetes mellitus: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1410–9.
6. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of different bloodpressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectivelydesignedoverviews ofrandomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527–35.
7. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) J Hypertans 2013; 31: 1281–357.
8. Klinicheskaia farmakologiia. 4-e izd. Pod red. V.G.Kukesa. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008; s. 392–5. [in Russian]
9. MERIT-HF Study Group. Effects of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized International Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353 (9169): 2001–7.
10. MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure. MERIT-HF Study Group. JAMA 2000; 283: 1295–02.
11. Falkner B, Kushner H. Treatment With Metoprolol Succinate, a Selective Beta Adrenergic Blocker, Lowers Blood Pressure Without Altering Insulin Sensitivity in Diabetic Patients. J ClinHypertens 2008; 10: 51–7.
12. Camsari A, Arikan S, Avan C et al. Metoprolol, a beta-1 selective blocker, can be used safely in coronary artery disease patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Vessels 2003; 18: 188–92.
13. Franzen D, Metha A, Seifert N et al. Effects of beta-blockers on sexual performance in men with coronary heart disease. A prospective, randomized and double blinded study. Int J Impot Res 2001; 13: 348–351.
14. Elliott W, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 201–7.
15. Chazova I.E., Ratova L.G., Boitsov S.A., Nebieridze D.V. Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 7 (3): 5–26. [in Russian]
16. Hedblad B, Wikstrand J, Jabzon L et al. Low dose metoprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness: main resultsfrom the Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS). Circulation 2001; 103: 1721–6.
17. Wiklund O, Hulthe J, Wikstrand J et al. Effect of controlled release/extended release metoprolol on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a 3-year randomized study. Stroke 2002; 33 (2): 572–7.
18. Rutten FH, Zuithoff NP, Halk F et al. Beta-Blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 880–7.
19. Sandberg A, Blomqvist I, Jonsson UE, Lundborg P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new controlled-release formulation of metoprolol: A comparison with conventional tablets. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S9.
20. Oosterhuis B, Jonkman J, Zuiderwijk P, Sollie F. A pharmacokineticand pharmacodynamic comparison of metoprolol CR/ZOK with aconventional slow release preparation. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: S33–S38.
21. Sandberg A, Abrahamsson B, Regardh C-G et al. Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic aspects of once daily treatment with metoprolol CR/ZOK: a review article. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: S2–S16.
22. Lee Y-T, Liau C-S, Wong ECK et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of conventional and controlled release formulation of metoprolol in healthy Chinese subjects. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1989; 3 (4): 529–33.
23. Lucker P, Moore G, Wiselgren I et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of metoprolol CR/ZOK once daily with conventional tablets once daily and in divided doses. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30 (Suppl.): S17–S27.
24. Houtzagers JJ, Smilde JG, Creytens G, Westergren G. Efficacy and tolerability of a new controlled-release formulation of metoprolol: a comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets in mild to moderate hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S39–44.
25. Shkolnikov V, McKee M, Leon DA. Changes in life expectancy in Russia in the mid-1990s. Lancet 2001; 357: 917–21.
26. Shal'nova S.A., Deev A.D., Oganov R.G. Faktory, vliiaiushchie na smertnost' ot serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v rossiiskoi populiatsii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2006; 2: 73–7. [in Russian]
27. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Ohman EM et al. International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis. JAMA 2006; 295: 180–9.
28. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for thediagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report ofthe American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association TaskForce on, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: e44–64.
29. Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ent296.
30. Egstrup K, Gundersen T, Harkonen R et al. The antianginal efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release metoprolol once daily: a comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets twice daily. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S45–9.
31. Shpektor A.V., Vasil'eva E.Iu. Sovremennye podkhody k vtorichnoi profilaktike ostrogo infarkta miokarda. Kreativnaia kardiologiia. 2014; 2: 71–80. [in Russian]
32. Kirichenko A.A. Ishemicheskaia bolezn' serdtsa i kontrol' chastoty serdechnykh sokrashchenii. Sonsilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (5): 23–5. [in Russian]
33. McMurray JJV, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al. ESC Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787–847.
34. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311 (13): 819–23.
35. Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 1990; 82 (5): 1724–9.
36. Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. Khronicheskaia serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. Izbrannye lektsii po kardiologii. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. [in Russian]
37. Belenkov Iu. N., Mareev V. Iu., Skvortsov A. A. i dr. Kliniko- gemodinamicheskie i neirogumoral'nye effekty dlitel'noi terapii beta-adrenoblokatorom bisoprololom bol'nykh s tiazheloi khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Kardiologiia. 2003; 43 (10): 11–22. [in Russian]
38. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Lancet 1997; 349 (9049): 375–80.
39. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9–13.
40. Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F et al. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in chronic heart failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40 (3): 491–8.
2. Bradley HA, Wiyonge CS, Volmink VA et al. How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers as first line therapy for hypertension? J Hypertens 2006; 24: 2131–41.
3. Wiyonge CS, Bradley HA, Volmink J et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Nov 14, 11: CD002003.doi.
4. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the preventionof cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context ofexpectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
5. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of different bloodpressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in individuals with and withoutdiabetes mellitus: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1410–9.
6. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of different bloodpressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectivelydesignedoverviews ofrandomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527–35.
7. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) J Hypertans 2013; 31: 1281–357.
8. Клиническая фармакология. 4-е изд. Под ред. В.Г.Кукеса. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2008; с. 392–5. / Klinicheskaia farmakologiia. 4-e izd. Pod red. V.G.Kukesa. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008; s. 392–5. [in Russian]
9. MERIT-HF Study Group. Effects of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized International Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353 (9169): 2001–7.
10. MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure. MERIT-HF Study Group. JAMA 2000; 283: 1295–02.
11. Falkner B, Kushner H. Treatment With Metoprolol Succinate, a Selective Beta Adrenergic Blocker, Lowers Blood Pressure Without Altering Insulin Sensitivity in Diabetic Patients. J ClinHypertens 2008; 10: 51–7.
12. Camsari A, Arikan S, Avan C et al. Metoprolol, a beta-1 selective blocker, can be used safely in coronary artery disease patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Vessels 2003; 18: 188–92.
13. Franzen D, Metha A, Seifert N et al. Effects of beta-blockers on sexual performance in men with coronary heart disease. A prospective, randomized and double blinded study. Int J Impot Res 2001; 13: 348–351.
14. Elliott W, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 201–7.
15. Чазова И.Е., Ратова Л.Г., Бойцов С.А., Небиеридзе Д.В. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии. Системные гипертензии. 2010; 7 (3): 5–26. / Chazova I.E., Ratova L.G., Boitsov S.A., Nebieridze D.V. Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 7 (3): 5–26. [in Russian]
16. Hedblad B, Wikstrand J, Jabzon L et al. Low dose metoprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness: main resultsfrom the Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS). Circulation 2001; 103: 1721–6.
17. Wiklund O, Hulthe J, Wikstrand J et al. Effect of controlled release/extended release metoprolol on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a 3-year randomized study. Stroke 2002; 33 (2): 572–7.
18. Rutten FH, Zuithoff NP, Halk F et al. Beta-Blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 880–7.
19. Sandberg A, Blomqvist I, Jonsson UE, Lundborg P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new controlled-release formulation of metoprolol: A comparison with conventional tablets. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S9.
20. Oosterhuis B, Jonkman J, Zuiderwijk P, Sollie F. A pharmacokineticand pharmacodynamic comparison of metoprolol CR/ZOK with aconventional slow release preparation. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: S33–S38.
21. Sandberg A, Abrahamsson B, Regardh C-G et al. Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic aspects of once daily treatment with metoprolol CR/ZOK: a review article. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: S2–S16.
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34. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311 (13): 819–23.
35. Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 1990; 82 (5): 1724–9.
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18. Rutten FH, Zuithoff NP, Halk F et al. Beta-Blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 880–7.
19. Sandberg A, Blomqvist I, Jonsson UE, Lundborg P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new controlled-release formulation of metoprolol: A comparison with conventional tablets. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S9.
20. Oosterhuis B, Jonkman J, Zuiderwijk P, Sollie F. A pharmacokineticand pharmacodynamic comparison of metoprolol CR/ZOK with aconventional slow release preparation. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: S33–S38.
21. Sandberg A, Abrahamsson B, Regardh C-G et al. Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic aspects of once daily treatment with metoprolol CR/ZOK: a review article. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: S2–S16.
22. Lee Y-T, Liau C-S, Wong ECK et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of conventional and controlled release formulation of metoprolol in healthy Chinese subjects. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1989; 3 (4): 529–33.
23. Lucker P, Moore G, Wiselgren I et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of metoprolol CR/ZOK once daily with conventional tablets once daily and in divided doses. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30 (Suppl.): S17–S27.
24. Houtzagers JJ, Smilde JG, Creytens G, Westergren G. Efficacy and tolerability of a new controlled-release formulation of metoprolol: a comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets in mild to moderate hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S39–44.
25. Shkolnikov V, McKee M, Leon DA. Changes in life expectancy in Russia in the mid-1990s. Lancet 2001; 357: 917–21.
26. Shal'nova S.A., Deev A.D., Oganov R.G. Faktory, vliiaiushchie na smertnost' ot serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v rossiiskoi populiatsii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2006; 2: 73–7. [in Russian]
27. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Ohman EM et al. International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis. JAMA 2006; 295: 180–9.
28. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for thediagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report ofthe American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association TaskForce on, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: e44–64.
29. Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ent296.
30. Egstrup K, Gundersen T, Harkonen R et al. The antianginal efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release metoprolol once daily: a comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets twice daily. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33 (Suppl.): S45–9.
31. Shpektor A.V., Vasil'eva E.Iu. Sovremennye podkhody k vtorichnoi profilaktike ostrogo infarkta miokarda. Kreativnaia kardiologiia. 2014; 2: 71–80. [in Russian]
32. Kirichenko A.A. Ishemicheskaia bolezn' serdtsa i kontrol' chastoty serdechnykh sokrashchenii. Sonsilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (5): 23–5. [in Russian]
33. McMurray JJV, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al. ESC Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787–847.
34. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311 (13): 819–23.
35. Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 1990; 82 (5): 1724–9.
36. Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. Khronicheskaia serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. Izbrannye lektsii po kardiologii. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. [in Russian]
37. Belenkov Iu. N., Mareev V. Iu., Skvortsov A. A. i dr. Kliniko- gemodinamicheskie i neirogumoral'nye effekty dlitel'noi terapii beta-adrenoblokatorom bisoprololom bol'nykh s tiazheloi khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Kardiologiia. 2003; 43 (10): 11–22. [in Russian]
38. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Lancet 1997; 349 (9049): 375–80.
39. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9–13.
40. Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F et al. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in chronic heart failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40 (3): 491–8.
Авторы
О.Д.Остроумова*1,2, В.М.Фомина1, Е.А.Смолярчук2
1 ГБОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1;
2 ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 127473, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Delegatskaia, d. 20, str. 1;
2 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2.
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 ГБОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1;
2 ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1 A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 127473, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Delegatskaia, d. 20, str. 1;
2 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2.
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
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