Приведено сопоставление фармакологических свойств, клинической эффективности фуросемида и торасемида у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) и при отечном синдроме. Торасемид сходен с фуросемидом по механизму диуретического действия, но имеет более высокую биодоступность (>80%) и более длительный период полувыведения (3–4 ч). В недиуретических дозах (2,5–5 мг/сут) торасемид используется при лечении эссенциальной АГ, как в качестве монотерапии, так и в комбинации с другими антигипертензивными препаратами. При использовании в этих дозах торасемид снижает диастолическое артериальное давление (АД) до уровня ниже 90 мм рт. ст. у 70–80% больных. Антигипертензивная эффективность торасемида сходна с таковой тиазидных и тиазидоподобных диуретиков. У пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) торасемид в дозе от 5 до 20 мг/сут является эффективным диуретиком. Биодоступность торасемида при приеме внутрь у больных ХСН снижается лишь незначительно, диуретическое действие более плавное, он реже вызывает феномен «рикошета», его калийуретическое действие менее выражено. Общая и сердечно-сосудистая смертность в группе пациентов, принимавших торасемид, оказалась ниже (2,2% против 4,5% в группе сравнения; p<0,05). Фармакокинетические параметры торасемида не меняются при III (скорость клубочковой фильтрации – СКФ 30–59 мл/мин) и IV (СКФ 15–29 мл/мин) стадиях хронической болезни почек. У больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью терапия торасемидом и фуросемидом сопровождается сопоставимым возрастанием натрийуреза и снижением АД.
The comparison of the pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy of furosemide and torasemide in patients with hypertension and edema. Torasemid similar to furosemide mechanism of diuretic action but has a higher bioavailability (>80%) and a longer half-life (3–4 h). In-non-diuretic doses (2.5–5 mg/day) torasemide used in the treatment of essential hypertension, both as monotherapy and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. When used in these doses torasemide reduces diastolic blood pressure to below 90 mm Hg in 70–80% of patients. In patients with chronic heart failure torasemide in a dose of from 5 to 20 mg/day is an effective diuretic. The bioavailability of torasemide when administered in patients with CHF decreases only slightly, the diuretic action is smoother, it is less likely to cause the phenomenon of "rebound". Total and cardiovascular mortality in patients treated with torasemide, was lower (2.2% compared with 4.5% in the comparison group; p<0.05). Pharmacokinetic parameters are not changed when torasemide III (GFR 30-59 ml/min) and IV (GFR 15-29 ml/min) CKD stages. In patients with chronic renal failure therapy furosemide torasemide and is accompanied by a comparable increase in natriuresis and blood pressure reduction.
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4. Dunn CJ, Fitton A, Brogden RN. Torasemide. Review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 1995; 49: 121–42.
5. Brater DC. Torasemide. In: F.Messerli (ed.). Cardiovascular drug therapy. 2th edition. Philadelphia, 1996; p. 402–12.
6. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension: Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
7. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G et al. La torasemide, nuovo diuretico del’ansa, nell trattamento dell’ipertensione ar-teriosa: Studio con trolla to in doppla cecita. BasRazion Terapia 1990; 20: 407–10.
8. Baumgart P, Walger P, Von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 169–81.
9. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
10. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 183–209.
11. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
12. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 211–20.
13. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
14. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S et al. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
15. Bоеlke T, Achhammer I. Torasemide: review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs of today 1994; 8: 1–28.
16. Метелица В.И. Справочник по клинической фармакологии сердечно-сосудистых лекарственных средств. 3-е изд. М., 2005. / Metelitsa V.I. Spravochnik po klinicheskoi farmakologii serdechno-sosudistykh lekarstvennykh sredstv. 3-e izd. M., 2005. [in Russian]
17. Patterson J, Adams K, Applefeld M et al. Oral torsemide in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: effects on body weight, edema, and electrolyte excretion. Torasemide Investigators Group. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14 (5): 514–21.
18. Cosin J, Diez J and TORIC investigators. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
19. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, Hess B. Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV – efficacy and quality of life. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5 (6): 793–801.
20. Murray M, Deer M, Ferguson J et al. Open-label randomized trial of torsemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111 (7): 513–20.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: are there differences between furo-semide and torasemide? Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 2002; 91 (37): 1467–75.
22. Мареев В.Ю., Выгодин В.А., Беленков Ю.Н. Диуретическая терапия Эффективными дозами перораЛЬных диуретиков торасемида (Диувер) и фуросемида в лечении больных с обострением Хронической Сердечной Недостаточности (ДУЭЛЬ-ХСН). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 1: 3–10. / Mareev V.Iu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Iu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia Effektivnymi dozami peroraL''nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuver) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL''-KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 1: 3–10. [in Russian]
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24. Vargo DL, Kramer WG, Black PK et al. Bioavailiability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and fu-rosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57 (6): 601–9.
25. Swedberg K, Cleland C, Dargie H et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: full text (update 2005). The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005. Doi: 10.193/eurheartj/ehi 205.
26. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of chronic heart Failure in the Adult. Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2009.
27. Risler T, Kramer B, Muller G. The efficacy of diuretics in acute and chronic renal failure. Focus on torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 69–79.
28. Kult J, Hacker J, Glocke M. Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of different oral doses of torasemide and furosemide in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Arznt-Forsch/Drug Res 1998; 38: 212–4.
29. Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R. A double-blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2003; 64 (2): 632–40.
30. Gerbes A, Bertheau-Reitha U, Falkner C et al. Advantages of the new loop diuretic torasemide over furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A randomized, double blind cross-over trial. J Hepatol 1993; 17 (3): 353–8.
31. Fiaccadori F, Pedretti G, Pasetti G et al. Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clin Invest 1993; 71 (7): 579–84.
32. Фомин В.В. Свойства антагониста альдостерона у петлевого диуретика: случайность или необходимость? Справ. поликлин. врача. 2010; 4. / Fomin V.V. Svoistva antagonista al'dosterona u petlevogo diuretika: sluchainost' ili neobkhodimost'? Sprav. poliklin. vracha. 2010; 4. [in Russian]
33. Моисеев С.В. Клиническая эффективность и безопасность применения петлевого диуретика торасемида. Кардиология. 2006; 4. / Moiseev S.V. Klinicheskaia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' primeneniia petlevogo diuretika torasemida. Kardiologiia. 2006; 4. [in Russian]
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1. Preobrazhenskii D.V., Sidorenko B.A. Differentsial'naia medikamentoznaia terapiia pri arterial'noi gipertenzii. Sonsilium Medicum. 2001; 3 (10): 83. [in Russian]
2. Preobrazhenskii D.V., Sidorenko B.A., Shatunova I.M., Mar'enich A.V. Mesto diuretikov v lechenii AG. M.: Indap, 2000. [in Russian]
3. Gorbunov V.M., Oganov R.G. Torasemid – petlevoi diuretik s osobymi svoistvami. Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2006; 5 (5). [in Russian]
4. Dunn CJ, Fitton A, Brogden RN. Torasemide. Review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 1995; 49: 121–42.
5. Brater DC. Torasemide. In: F.Messerli (ed.). Cardiovascular drug therapy. 2th edition. Philadelphia, 1996; p. 402–12.
6. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension: Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
7. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G et al. La torasemide, nuovo diuretico del’ansa, nell trattamento dell’ipertensione ar-teriosa: Studio con trolla to in doppla cecita. BasRazion Terapia 1990; 20: 407–10.
8. Baumgart P, Walger P, Von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 169–81.
9. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
10. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 183–209.
11. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
12. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 211–20.
13. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
14. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S et al. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
15. Bоеlke T, Achhammer I. Torasemide: review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs of today 1994; 8: 1–28.
16. Metelitsa V.I. Spravochnik po klinicheskoi farmakologii serdechno-sosudistykh lekarstvennykh sredstv. 3-e izd. M., 2005. [in Russian]
17. Patterson J, Adams K, Applefeld M et al. Oral torsemide in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: effects on body weight, edema, and electrolyte excretion. Torasemide Investigators Group. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14 (5): 514–21.
18. Cosin J, Diez J and TORIC investigators. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
19. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, Hess B. Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV – efficacy and quality of life. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5 (6): 793–801.
20. Murray M, Deer M, Ferguson J et al. Open-label randomized trial of torsemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111 (7): 513–20.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: are there differences between furo-semide and torasemide? Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 2002; 91 (37): 1467–75.
22. Mareev V.Iu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Iu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia Effektivnymi dozami peroraL''nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuver) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL''-KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 1: 3–10. [in Russian]
23. Ageev F.T., Zhubrina E.S., Seredenina E.M. i dr. Sravnitel'naia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniia torasemida i furosemida u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vliianie na markery fibroza miokarda. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 14 (2). [in Russian]
24. Vargo DL, Kramer WG, Black PK et al. Bioavailiability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and fu-rosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57 (6): 601–9.
25. Swedberg K, Cleland C, Dargie H et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: full text (update 2005). The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005. Doi: 10.193/eurheartj/ehi 205.
26. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of chronic heart Failure in the Adult. Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2009.
27. Risler T, Kramer B, Muller G. The efficacy of diuretics in acute and chronic renal failure. Focus on torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 69–79.
28. Kult J, Hacker J, Glocke M. Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of different oral doses of torasemide and furosemide in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Arznt-Forsch/Drug Res 1998; 38: 212–4.
29. Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R. A double-blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2003; 64 (2): 632–40.
30. Gerbes A, Bertheau-Reitha U, Falkner C et al. Advantages of the new loop diuretic torasemide over furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A randomized, double blind cross-over trial. J Hepatol 1993; 17 (3): 353–8.
31. Fiaccadori F, Pedretti G, Pasetti G et al. Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clin Invest 1993; 71 (7): 579–84.
32. Fomin V.V. Svoistva antagonista al'dosterona u petlevogo diuretika: sluchainost' ili neobkhodimost'? Sprav. poliklin. vracha. 2010; 4. [in Russian]
33. Moiseev S.V. Klinicheskaia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' primeneniia petlevogo diuretika torasemida. Kardiologiia. 2006; 4. [in Russian]
Авторы
А.А.Кириченко
ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1 andrey.apollonovich@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
A.A.Kirichenko
Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1 andrey.apollonovich@yandex.ru