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Петлевые диуретики в лечении артериальной гипертензии и отечного синдрома - Журнал Системные Гипертензии Том 13, №1
Петлевые диуретики в лечении артериальной гипертензии и отечного синдрома
Кириченко А.А. Петлевые диуретики в лечении артериальной гипертензии и отечного синдрома. Системные гипертензии. 2016; 13 (1): 47–51.
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Аннотация
Приведено сопоставление фармакологических свойств, клинической эффективности фуросемида и торасемида у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) и при отечном синдроме. Торасемид сходен с фуросемидом по механизму диуретического действия, но имеет более высокую биодоступность (>80%) и более длительный период полувыведения (3–4 ч). В недиуретических дозах (2,5–5 мг/сут) торасемид используется при лечении эссенциальной АГ, как в качестве монотерапии, так и в комбинации с другими антигипертензивными препаратами. При использовании в этих дозах торасемид снижает диастолическое артериальное давление (АД) до уровня ниже 90 мм рт. ст. у 70–80% больных. Антигипертензивная эффективность торасемида сходна с таковой тиазидных и тиазидоподобных диуретиков. У пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) торасемид в дозе от 5 до 20 мг/сут является эффективным диуретиком. Биодоступность торасемида при приеме внутрь у больных ХСН снижается лишь незначительно, диуретическое действие более плавное, он реже вызывает феномен «рикошета», его калийуретическое действие менее выражено. Общая и сердечно-сосудистая смертность в группе пациентов, принимавших торасемид, оказалась ниже (2,2% против 4,5% в группе сравнения; p<0,05). Фармакокинетические параметры торасемида не меняются при III (скорость клубочковой фильтрации – СКФ 30–59 мл/мин) и IV (СКФ 15–29 мл/мин) стадиях хронической болезни почек. У больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью терапия торасемидом и фуросемидом сопровождается сопоставимым возрастанием натрийуреза и снижением АД.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, торасемид, петлевой диуретик.
Key words: arterial hypertension, torasemide, loop diuretic.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, торасемид, петлевой диуретик.
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Key words: arterial hypertension, torasemide, loop diuretic.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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5. Brater DC. Torasemide. In: F.Messerli (ed.). Cardiovascular drug therapy. 2th edition. Philadelphia, 1996; p. 402–12.
6. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension: Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
7. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G et al. La torasemide, nuovo diuretico del’ansa, nell trattamento dell’ipertensione ar-teriosa: Studio con trolla to in doppla cecita. BasRazion Terapia 1990; 20: 407–10.
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9. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
10. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 183–209.
11. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
12. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 211–20.
13. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
14. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S et al. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
15. Bоеlke T, Achhammer I. Torasemide: review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs of today 1994; 8: 1–28.
16. Метелица В.И. Справочник по клинической фармакологии сердечно-сосудистых лекарственных средств. 3-е изд. М., 2005. / Metelitsa V.I. Spravochnik po klinicheskoi farmakologii serdechno-sosudistykh lekarstvennykh sredstv. 3-e izd. M., 2005. [in Russian]
17. Patterson J, Adams K, Applefeld M et al. Oral torsemide in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: effects on body weight, edema, and electrolyte excretion. Torasemide Investigators Group. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14 (5): 514–21.
18. Cosin J, Diez J and TORIC investigators. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
19. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, Hess B. Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV – efficacy and quality of life. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5 (6): 793–801.
20. Murray M, Deer M, Ferguson J et al. Open-label randomized trial of torsemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111 (7): 513–20.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: are there differences between furo-semide and torasemide? Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 2002; 91 (37): 1467–75.
22. Мареев В.Ю., Выгодин В.А., Беленков Ю.Н. Диуретическая терапия Эффективными дозами перораЛЬных диуретиков торасемида (Диувер) и фуросемида в лечении больных с обострением Хронической Сердечной Недостаточности (ДУЭЛЬ-ХСН). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 1: 3–10. / Mareev V.Iu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Iu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia Effektivnymi dozami peroraL''nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuver) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL''-KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 1: 3–10. [in Russian]
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24. Vargo DL, Kramer WG, Black PK et al. Bioavailiability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and fu-rosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57 (6): 601–9.
25. Swedberg K, Cleland C, Dargie H et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: full text (update 2005). The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005. Doi: 10.193/eurheartj/ehi 205.
26. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of chronic heart Failure in the Adult. Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2009.
27. Risler T, Kramer B, Muller G. The efficacy of diuretics in acute and chronic renal failure. Focus on torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 69–79.
28. Kult J, Hacker J, Glocke M. Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of different oral doses of torasemide and furosemide in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Arznt-Forsch/Drug Res 1998; 38: 212–4.
29. Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R. A double-blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2003; 64 (2): 632–40.
30. Gerbes A, Bertheau-Reitha U, Falkner C et al. Advantages of the new loop diuretic torasemide over furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A randomized, double blind cross-over trial. J Hepatol 1993; 17 (3): 353–8.
31. Fiaccadori F, Pedretti G, Pasetti G et al. Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clin Invest 1993; 71 (7): 579–84.
32. Фомин В.В. Свойства антагониста альдостерона у петлевого диуретика: случайность или необходимость? Справ. поликлин. врача. 2010; 4. / Fomin V.V. Svoistva antagonista al'dosterona u petlevogo diuretika: sluchainost' ili neobkhodimost'? Sprav. poliklin. vracha. 2010; 4. [in Russian]
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2. Preobrazhenskii D.V., Sidorenko B.A., Shatunova I.M., Mar'enich A.V. Mesto diuretikov v lechenii AG. M.: Indap, 2000. [in Russian]
3. Gorbunov V.M., Oganov R.G. Torasemid – petlevoi diuretik s osobymi svoistvami. Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2006; 5 (5). [in Russian]
4. Dunn CJ, Fitton A, Brogden RN. Torasemide. Review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 1995; 49: 121–42.
5. Brater DC. Torasemide. In: F.Messerli (ed.). Cardiovascular drug therapy. 2th edition. Philadelphia, 1996; p. 402–12.
6. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension: Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
7. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G et al. La torasemide, nuovo diuretico del’ansa, nell trattamento dell’ipertensione ar-teriosa: Studio con trolla to in doppla cecita. BasRazion Terapia 1990; 20: 407–10.
8. Baumgart P, Walger P, Von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 169–81.
9. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
10. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 183–209.
11. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
12. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 211–20.
13. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
14. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S et al. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
15. Bоеlke T, Achhammer I. Torasemide: review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs of today 1994; 8: 1–28.
16. Metelitsa V.I. Spravochnik po klinicheskoi farmakologii serdechno-sosudistykh lekarstvennykh sredstv. 3-e izd. M., 2005. [in Russian]
17. Patterson J, Adams K, Applefeld M et al. Oral torsemide in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: effects on body weight, edema, and electrolyte excretion. Torasemide Investigators Group. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14 (5): 514–21.
18. Cosin J, Diez J and TORIC investigators. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
19. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, Hess B. Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV – efficacy and quality of life. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5 (6): 793–801.
20. Murray M, Deer M, Ferguson J et al. Open-label randomized trial of torsemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111 (7): 513–20.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: are there differences between furo-semide and torasemide? Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 2002; 91 (37): 1467–75.
22. Mareev V.Iu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Iu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia Effektivnymi dozami peroraL''nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuver) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL''-KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 1: 3–10. [in Russian]
23. Ageev F.T., Zhubrina E.S., Seredenina E.M. i dr. Sravnitel'naia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniia torasemida i furosemida u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vliianie na markery fibroza miokarda. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 14 (2). [in Russian]
24. Vargo DL, Kramer WG, Black PK et al. Bioavailiability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and fu-rosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57 (6): 601–9.
25. Swedberg K, Cleland C, Dargie H et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: full text (update 2005). The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005. Doi: 10.193/eurheartj/ehi 205.
26. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of chronic heart Failure in the Adult. Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2009.
27. Risler T, Kramer B, Muller G. The efficacy of diuretics in acute and chronic renal failure. Focus on torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 69–79.
28. Kult J, Hacker J, Glocke M. Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of different oral doses of torasemide and furosemide in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Arznt-Forsch/Drug Res 1998; 38: 212–4.
29. Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R. A double-blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2003; 64 (2): 632–40.
30. Gerbes A, Bertheau-Reitha U, Falkner C et al. Advantages of the new loop diuretic torasemide over furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A randomized, double blind cross-over trial. J Hepatol 1993; 17 (3): 353–8.
31. Fiaccadori F, Pedretti G, Pasetti G et al. Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clin Invest 1993; 71 (7): 579–84.
32. Fomin V.V. Svoistva antagonista al'dosterona u petlevogo diuretika: sluchainost' ili neobkhodimost'? Sprav. poliklin. vracha. 2010; 4. [in Russian]
33. Moiseev S.V. Klinicheskaia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' primeneniia petlevogo diuretika torasemida. Kardiologiia. 2006; 4. [in Russian]
2. Преображенский Д.В., Сидоренко Б.А., Шатунова И.М., Марьенич А.В. Место диуретиков в лечении АГ. М.: Индап, 2000. / Preobrazhenskii D.V., Sidorenko B.A., Shatunova I.M., Mar'enich A.V. Mesto diuretikov v lechenii AG. M.: Indap, 2000. [in Russian]
3. Горбунов В.М., Оганов Р.Г. Торасемид – петлевой диуретик с особыми свойствами. Кардиоваск. терапия и профилактика. 2006; 5 (5). / Gorbunov V.M., Oganov R.G. Torasemid – petlevoi diuretik s osobymi svoistvami. Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2006; 5 (5). [in Russian]
4. Dunn CJ, Fitton A, Brogden RN. Torasemide. Review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 1995; 49: 121–42.
5. Brater DC. Torasemide. In: F.Messerli (ed.). Cardiovascular drug therapy. 2th edition. Philadelphia, 1996; p. 402–12.
6. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension: Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
7. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G et al. La torasemide, nuovo diuretico del’ansa, nell trattamento dell’ipertensione ar-teriosa: Studio con trolla to in doppla cecita. BasRazion Terapia 1990; 20: 407–10.
8. Baumgart P, Walger P, Von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 169–81.
9. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
10. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 183–209.
11. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
12. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Stuttgart: Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, 1990; 8: 211–20.
13. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
14. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S et al. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
15. Bоеlke T, Achhammer I. Torasemide: review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs of today 1994; 8: 1–28.
16. Метелица В.И. Справочник по клинической фармакологии сердечно-сосудистых лекарственных средств. 3-е изд. М., 2005. / Metelitsa V.I. Spravochnik po klinicheskoi farmakologii serdechno-sosudistykh lekarstvennykh sredstv. 3-e izd. M., 2005. [in Russian]
17. Patterson J, Adams K, Applefeld M et al. Oral torsemide in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: effects on body weight, edema, and electrolyte excretion. Torasemide Investigators Group. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14 (5): 514–21.
18. Cosin J, Diez J and TORIC investigators. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
19. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, Hess B. Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV – efficacy and quality of life. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5 (6): 793–801.
20. Murray M, Deer M, Ferguson J et al. Open-label randomized trial of torsemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111 (7): 513–20.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: are there differences between furo-semide and torasemide? Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 2002; 91 (37): 1467–75.
22. Мареев В.Ю., Выгодин В.А., Беленков Ю.Н. Диуретическая терапия Эффективными дозами перораЛЬных диуретиков торасемида (Диувер) и фуросемида в лечении больных с обострением Хронической Сердечной Недостаточности (ДУЭЛЬ-ХСН). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 1: 3–10. / Mareev V.Iu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Iu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia Effektivnymi dozami peroraL''nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuver) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL''-KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 1: 3–10. [in Russian]
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26. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of chronic heart Failure in the Adult. Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2009.
27. Risler T, Kramer B, Muller G. The efficacy of diuretics in acute and chronic renal failure. Focus on torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 69–79.
28. Kult J, Hacker J, Glocke M. Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of different oral doses of torasemide and furosemide in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Arznt-Forsch/Drug Res 1998; 38: 212–4.
29. Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R. A double-blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2003; 64 (2): 632–40.
30. Gerbes A, Bertheau-Reitha U, Falkner C et al. Advantages of the new loop diuretic torasemide over furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A randomized, double blind cross-over trial. J Hepatol 1993; 17 (3): 353–8.
31. Fiaccadori F, Pedretti G, Pasetti G et al. Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clin Invest 1993; 71 (7): 579–84.
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21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: are there differences between furo-semide and torasemide? Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 2002; 91 (37): 1467–75.
22. Mareev V.Iu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Iu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia Effektivnymi dozami peroraL''nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuver) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL''-KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 1: 3–10. [in Russian]
23. Ageev F.T., Zhubrina E.S., Seredenina E.M. i dr. Sravnitel'naia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniia torasemida i furosemida u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vliianie na markery fibroza miokarda. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 14 (2). [in Russian]
24. Vargo DL, Kramer WG, Black PK et al. Bioavailiability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and fu-rosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57 (6): 601–9.
25. Swedberg K, Cleland C, Dargie H et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: full text (update 2005). The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005. Doi: 10.193/eurheartj/ehi 205.
26. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of chronic heart Failure in the Adult. Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2009.
27. Risler T, Kramer B, Muller G. The efficacy of diuretics in acute and chronic renal failure. Focus on torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 69–79.
28. Kult J, Hacker J, Glocke M. Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of different oral doses of torasemide and furosemide in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Arznt-Forsch/Drug Res 1998; 38: 212–4.
29. Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R. A double-blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2003; 64 (2): 632–40.
30. Gerbes A, Bertheau-Reitha U, Falkner C et al. Advantages of the new loop diuretic torasemide over furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A randomized, double blind cross-over trial. J Hepatol 1993; 17 (3): 353–8.
31. Fiaccadori F, Pedretti G, Pasetti G et al. Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clin Invest 1993; 71 (7): 579–84.
32. Fomin V.V. Svoistva antagonista al'dosterona u petlevogo diuretika: sluchainost' ili neobkhodimost'? Sprav. poliklin. vracha. 2010; 4. [in Russian]
33. Moiseev S.V. Klinicheskaia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' primeneniia petlevogo diuretika torasemida. Kardiologiia. 2006; 4. [in Russian]
Авторы
А.А.Кириченко
ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
andrey.apollonovich@yandex.ru
Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
andrey.apollonovich@yandex.ru
ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
andrey.apollonovich@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
andrey.apollonovich@yandex.ru
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