В последнее время достигнуты определенные успехи в изучении естественного течения фибрилляции предсердий (ФП): от стадии, не имеющей клинических проявлений, до конечной стадии, представляющей собой необратимую аритмию, ассоциирующуюся с развитием серьезных сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Прогрессия аритмии ухудшает клинический статус пациентов и их прогноз. Замедление прогрессии ФП следует рассматривать в качестве одной из приоритетных задач лечения данного нарушения сердечного ритма. Цель – изучить предикторы прогрессирования ФП у больных артериальной гипертензией (АГ). Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 136 пациентов с эссенциальной АГ и пароксизмами ФП. Проспективное наблюдение за больными проводилось с 2011 по 2015 г. Прогрессированием аритмии считали: увеличение частоты пароксизмов ФП; появление длительно персистирующих приступов или постоянной формы аритмии. Результаты нашей работы позволяют сделать вывод, что предикторами прогрессирования ФП у пациентов с АГ с сохраненной систолической функцией левого желудочка являются: дисфункция эндотелия, повышение жесткости сосудистой стенки, гипертрофия левого желудочка и увеличение размеров левого предсердия.
Recently progress has been made in the study of the natural history of atrial fibrillation (AF) from the stage without clinical manifestations, to the final stage, represent an irreversible arrhythmia associated with the development of serious cardiovascular complications. The progression of the arrhythmia worsens the clinical status of patients and prognosis. Slowing down progression of AF should be considered as a priority treatment of this cardiac arrhythmia. Aim. The study the predictors of AF progression in patients with arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. The study included 136 patients with essential hypertension and paroxysms of AF. Prospective observation of the patients was carried out from 2011 to 2015. The progression of the arrhythmia was considered: increased frequency of paroxysms of AF; the emergence of long-term persistent attacks or permanent form of arrhythmia. The results of our work allow to conclude that the predictors of progression of AF in patients with hypertension and preserved systolic left ventricular function are: endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular wall stiffness, left ventricle hypertrophy and increased size of the left atrium.
Key words: atrial fibrillation, predictors of progression, arterial hypertension.
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1. Kanorskii S.G. Sovremennaia medikamentoznaia terapiia fibrilliatsii predserdii: vybor strategii, antiaritmicheskikh preparatov i skhem lecheniia. Lechashchii vrach. 2012; 7: 48–53. [in Russian]
2. Holmqvist F, Kim S, Steinberg BA et al. Heart rate is associated with progression of atrial fibrillation, independent of rhythm. Heart 2015; 101: 894–9.
3. De Vos CB, Pisters R, Nieuwlaat R et al. Progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol JACC 2010; 55 (8): 725–31.
4. Im SI, Chun KJ, Park SJ et al. Long-term prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and predictors for progression to persistnt or chronic atrial fibrillation in the korean population. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30 (7): 895–902.
5. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vasiri SM. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1994; 271: 840–4.
6. Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM. Non-invasive detection of endothelial disfunction in children and adult at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992; 340: 1111–5.
7. De Vos CB, Breithardt G, Camm AJ et al. Progression of atrial fibrillation in the REgistry on Cardiac rhythm disORDers assessing the control of Atrial Fibrillation cohort: clinical correlates and the effect of rhythm-control therapy. Am Heart J 2012; 163: 887–93.
8. Guidelines for management of atrial fibrillation. The task force for the management of Atrial Fibrillation of European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013; 31 (19): 2369–439.
9. Park BJ, Lee HR, Shim JY et al. Association between resting heart rate and arterial stiffness in Korean adults. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 103: 246–52.
10. Lakatta E, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part I: aging arteries: a «set up» for vascular disease. Circulation 2003; 107: 139–46.
11. Xu JZ, Wu SY, Yan YQ et al. Left atrial diameter, flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery and target organ damage in Chinese patients with hypertension. Hum Hypertens 2012; 26 (1): 41–7.
Авторы
В.И.Подзолков, А.И.Тарзиманова*
ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*tarzimanova@mail.ru
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V.I.Podzolkov, A.I.Tarzimanova*
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2
*tarzimanova@mail.ru