Доказательная база в отношении целевых уровней артериального давления у пациентов, перенесших инсульт: фокус на гериатрическую популяцию - Журнал Системные Гипертензии Том 17, №1 (2020)
Доказательная база в отношении целевых уровней артериального давления у пациентов, перенесших инсульт: фокус на гериатрическую популяцию
Остроумова О.Д., Черняева М.С. Доказательная база в отношении целевых уровней артериального давления у пациентов, перенесших инсульт: фокус на гериатрическую популяцию. Системные гипертензии. 2020; 17 (1): 51–61. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2020.1.200039
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения.
Чтобы посмотреть материал полностью
Авторизуйтесь
или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) является весьма значимым и самым распространенным фактором риска развития инсульта, а снижение артериального давления (АД) – наиболее эффективное действие для предотвращения инсульта у пациентов с АГ. Данная статья представляет обзор существующих рандомизированных контролируемых исследований (РКИ) и метаанализов по изучению оптимальных целевых уровней АД у пациентов с АГ и церебральными событиями в анамнезе с фокусом на гериатрическую популяцию. В результате анализа литературных данных получены противоречивые результаты: РКИ показали преимущества более низких целевых АД, лишь в 2 из них целевой уровень систолического АД (САД) был менее 130 мм рт. ст., причем средний возраст пациентов, включенных в РКИ, варьировал от 60 до 68 лет, число лиц старше 75 лет было незначительным, а некоторые исследования исключали пациентов старше 85 лет. Ряд субанализов, проанализированных РКИ, обнаружил J-образную кривую взаимосвязи между достигнутыми уровнями АД и риском развития неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий. Один из них показал, что при снижении АД ниже САД – 120 мм рт. ст. и ДАД – 65 мм рт. ст. более высокое АД ассоциировано с более низким риском развития неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий. Другой продемонстрировал, что риск повторного инсульта и риск последующих неблагоприятных событий статистически значимо выше у пациентов со средним уровнем САД ниже 120 мм рт. ст., чем у больных с уровнем САД 130–139 мм рт. ст. Опубликованный в Кокрановской базе метаанализ не показал значимых преимуществ снижения АД<130/85 мм рт. ст. против стандартного снижения АД<140–160/90–100 мм рт. ст., тогда как другой метаанализ выявил некоторые преимущества более интенсивного снижения АД для профилактики повторного инсульта. Существующие исследования не учитывали гетерогенность гериатрической популяции и не включали больных с синдромом старческой астении и полиморбидных пациентов, а также не учитывали тип перенесенного инсульта для выработки дифференцированного подхода к тактике снижения АД у пациентов всех возрастных групп. Поэтому в отношении рекомендованных экспертами ЕОК/ЕОАГ (Европейское общество кардиологов/Европейское общество артериальной гипертонии) в 2018 г. целевые уровни АД 120–129/70–79 мм рт. ст. (в возрасте 18–65 лет) и 130–139/70–79 мм рт. ст. (в возрасте 65 лет и старше) для пациентов с АГ и церебральными событиями в анамнезе, сохраняются определенные сомнения относительно преимуществ более низких целевых значений АД для профилактики повторного инсульта и других неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий для всей популяции гериатрических пациентов, особенно пациентов старше 75 лет, что требует организации специально спланированных рандомизированных исследований.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, инсульт, целевые уровни артериального давления, пожилые и очень пожилые пациенты, вторичная профилактика инсульта.
Key words: arterial hypertension, stroke, target blood pressure, old and very old patients, secondary stroke prevention.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, инсульт, целевые уровни артериального давления, пожилые и очень пожилые пациенты, вторичная профилактика инсульта.
________________________________________________
Key words: arterial hypertension, stroke, target blood pressure, old and very old patients, secondary stroke prevention.
Список литературы
1. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (33): 3021–104. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
2. Чазова И.Е., Жернакова Ю.В. от имени экспертов. Клинические рекомендации. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Системные гипертензии. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179
[Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V. on behalf of the experts. Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179 (in Russian).]
3. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (01)06178-5
4. PATS Collaborating Group. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. Chin Med J (Engl) 1995; 108: 710–7.
5. Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Conwit R et al. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: The sps3 randomised trial. Lancet 2013; 382: 507–15. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (13)60852-1
6. Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL et al. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1225–37. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804593
7. Schrader J, Lüders S, Kulschewski et al. A Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005; 36 (6): 1218–26. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000166048.35740.a9
8. Kitagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Arima H et al. Effect of Standard vs Intensive Blood Pressure Control on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2019; Е1–Е10. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2167
9. Wang P, Wang Y, Feng T et al. Rationale and design of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nimodipine in preventing cognitive impairment in ischemic cerebrovascular events (NICE). BMC Neurology 2012; 12: 88. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-88
10. Zanchetti A, Liu L, Mancia G et al. Blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol targets for prevention of recurrent strokes and cognitive decline in the hypertensive patient: design of the European Society of Hypertension-Chinese Hypertension League Stroke in Hypertension Optimal Treatment randomized trial. J Hypertens 2014; 32 (9): 1888–97. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000254
11. Zonneveld TP, Richard E, Vergouwen MD et al. Blood pressure-lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 7: CD007858. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007858.pub2
12. Odden MC, McClure LA, Sawaya BP et al. Achieved blood pressure and outcomes in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Trial. Hypertension 2016; 67: 63–9. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06480
13. White CL, Szychowski JM, Pergola PE et al. Can blood pressure be lowered safely in older adults with lacunar stroke? The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63: 722–9. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13349
14. Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 1201–8. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86
15. Arima H, Anderson C, Omae T et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering on major vascular events among patients with isolated diastolic hypertension: the perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study (PROGRESS) trial. Stroke 2011; 42 (8): 2339–41. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606764
16. Ovbiagele B, Diener HC, Yusuf S et al. Level of systolic blood pressure within the normal range and risk of recurrent stroke. JAMA 2011; 306 (19): 2137–44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1650
17. Weber R, Weimar C, Wanke I et al. Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with silent brain infarction in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) imaging substudy. Stroke 2012; 43 (2): 350–5. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.631739
18. Mant J, McManus RJ, Roalfe A et al. Different systolic blood pressure targets for people with history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: PAST-BP (Prevention After Stroke-Blood Pressure) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2016; 352: i708. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i708
19. Bath PM, Scutt P, Blackburn DJ et al. Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot "Prevention of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial" (PODCAST) randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12 (1): e0164608. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164608
20. Blackburn DJ, Krishnan K, Fox L et al. Prevention Of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial (PODCAST): a study protocol for a factorial randomised controlled trial of intensive versus guideline lowering of blood pressure and lipids. Trials 2013; 14: 401. DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-401
2. Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V. on behalf of the experts. Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179 (in Russian).
3. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (01)06178-5
4. PATS Collaborating Group. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. Chin Med J (Engl) 1995; 108: 710–7.
5. Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Conwit R et al. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: The sps3 randomised trial. Lancet 2013; 382: 507–15. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (13)60852-1
6. Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL et al. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1225–37. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804593
7. Schrader J, Lüders S, Kulschewski et al. A Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005; 36 (6): 1218–26. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000166048.35740.a9
8. Kitagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Arima H et al. Effect of Standard vs Intensive Blood Pressure Control on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2019; Е1–Е10. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2167
9. Wang P, Wang Y, Feng T et al. Rationale and design of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nimodipine in preventing cognitive impairment in ischemic cerebrovascular events (NICE). BMC Neurology 2012; 12: 88. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-88
10. Zanchetti A, Liu L, Mancia G et al. Blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol targets for prevention of recurrent strokes and cognitive decline in the hypertensive patient: design of the European Society of Hypertension-Chinese Hypertension League Stroke in Hypertension Optimal Treatment randomized trial. J Hypertens 2014; 32 (9): 1888–97. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000254
11. Zonneveld TP, Richard E, Vergouwen MD et al. Blood pressure-lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 7: CD007858. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007858.pub2
12. Odden MC, McClure LA, Sawaya BP et al. Achieved blood pressure and outcomes in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Trial. Hypertension 2016; 67: 63–9. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06480
13. White CL, Szychowski JM, Pergola PE et al. Can blood pressure be lowered safely in older adults with lacunar stroke? The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63: 722–9. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13349
14. Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 1201–8. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86
15. Arima H, Anderson C, Omae T et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering on major vascular events among patients with isolated diastolic hypertension: the perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study (PROGRESS) trial. Stroke 2011; 42 (8): 2339–41. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606764
16. Ovbiagele B, Diener HC, Yusuf S et al. Level of systolic blood pressure within the normal range and risk of recurrent stroke. JAMA 2011; 306 (19): 2137–44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1650
17. Weber R, Weimar C, Wanke I et al. Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with silent brain infarction in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) imaging substudy. Stroke 2012; 43 (2): 350–5. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.631739
18. Mant J, McManus RJ, Roalfe A et al. Different systolic blood pressure targets for people with history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: PAST-BP (Prevention After Stroke-Blood Pressure) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2016; 352: i708. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i708
19. Bath PM, Scutt P, Blackburn DJ et al. Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot "Prevention of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial" (PODCAST) randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12 (1): e0164608. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164608
20. Blackburn DJ, Krishnan K, Fox L et al. Prevention Of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial (PODCAST): a study protocol for a factorial randomised controlled trial of intensive versus guideline lowering of blood pressure and lipids. Trials 2013; 14: 401. DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-401
2. Чазова И.Е., Жернакова Ю.В. от имени экспертов. Клинические рекомендации. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Системные гипертензии. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179
[Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V. on behalf of the experts. Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179 (in Russian).]
3. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (01)06178-5
4. PATS Collaborating Group. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. Chin Med J (Engl) 1995; 108: 710–7.
5. Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Conwit R et al. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: The sps3 randomised trial. Lancet 2013; 382: 507–15. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (13)60852-1
6. Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL et al. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1225–37. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804593
7. Schrader J, Lüders S, Kulschewski et al. A Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005; 36 (6): 1218–26. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000166048.35740.a9
8. Kitagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Arima H et al. Effect of Standard vs Intensive Blood Pressure Control on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2019; Е1–Е10. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2167
9. Wang P, Wang Y, Feng T et al. Rationale and design of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nimodipine in preventing cognitive impairment in ischemic cerebrovascular events (NICE). BMC Neurology 2012; 12: 88. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-88
10. Zanchetti A, Liu L, Mancia G et al. Blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol targets for prevention of recurrent strokes and cognitive decline in the hypertensive patient: design of the European Society of Hypertension-Chinese Hypertension League Stroke in Hypertension Optimal Treatment randomized trial. J Hypertens 2014; 32 (9): 1888–97. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000254
11. Zonneveld TP, Richard E, Vergouwen MD et al. Blood pressure-lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 7: CD007858. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007858.pub2
12. Odden MC, McClure LA, Sawaya BP et al. Achieved blood pressure and outcomes in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Trial. Hypertension 2016; 67: 63–9. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06480
13. White CL, Szychowski JM, Pergola PE et al. Can blood pressure be lowered safely in older adults with lacunar stroke? The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63: 722–9. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13349
14. Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 1201–8. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86
15. Arima H, Anderson C, Omae T et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering on major vascular events among patients with isolated diastolic hypertension: the perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study (PROGRESS) trial. Stroke 2011; 42 (8): 2339–41. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606764
16. Ovbiagele B, Diener HC, Yusuf S et al. Level of systolic blood pressure within the normal range and risk of recurrent stroke. JAMA 2011; 306 (19): 2137–44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1650
17. Weber R, Weimar C, Wanke I et al. Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with silent brain infarction in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) imaging substudy. Stroke 2012; 43 (2): 350–5. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.631739
18. Mant J, McManus RJ, Roalfe A et al. Different systolic blood pressure targets for people with history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: PAST-BP (Prevention After Stroke-Blood Pressure) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2016; 352: i708. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i708
19. Bath PM, Scutt P, Blackburn DJ et al. Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot "Prevention of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial" (PODCAST) randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12 (1): e0164608. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164608
20. Blackburn DJ, Krishnan K, Fox L et al. Prevention Of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial (PODCAST): a study protocol for a factorial randomised controlled trial of intensive versus guideline lowering of blood pressure and lipids. Trials 2013; 14: 401. DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-401
________________________________________________
2. Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V. on behalf of the experts. Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179 (in Russian).
3. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (01)06178-5
4. PATS Collaborating Group. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. Chin Med J (Engl) 1995; 108: 710–7.
5. Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Conwit R et al. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: The sps3 randomised trial. Lancet 2013; 382: 507–15. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (13)60852-1
6. Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL et al. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1225–37. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804593
7. Schrader J, Lüders S, Kulschewski et al. A Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005; 36 (6): 1218–26. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000166048.35740.a9
8. Kitagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Arima H et al. Effect of Standard vs Intensive Blood Pressure Control on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2019; Е1–Е10. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2167
9. Wang P, Wang Y, Feng T et al. Rationale and design of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nimodipine in preventing cognitive impairment in ischemic cerebrovascular events (NICE). BMC Neurology 2012; 12: 88. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-88
10. Zanchetti A, Liu L, Mancia G et al. Blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol targets for prevention of recurrent strokes and cognitive decline in the hypertensive patient: design of the European Society of Hypertension-Chinese Hypertension League Stroke in Hypertension Optimal Treatment randomized trial. J Hypertens 2014; 32 (9): 1888–97. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000254
11. Zonneveld TP, Richard E, Vergouwen MD et al. Blood pressure-lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 7: CD007858. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007858.pub2
12. Odden MC, McClure LA, Sawaya BP et al. Achieved blood pressure and outcomes in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Trial. Hypertension 2016; 67: 63–9. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06480
13. White CL, Szychowski JM, Pergola PE et al. Can blood pressure be lowered safely in older adults with lacunar stroke? The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63: 722–9. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13349
14. Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 1201–8. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86
15. Arima H, Anderson C, Omae T et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering on major vascular events among patients with isolated diastolic hypertension: the perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study (PROGRESS) trial. Stroke 2011; 42 (8): 2339–41. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606764
16. Ovbiagele B, Diener HC, Yusuf S et al. Level of systolic blood pressure within the normal range and risk of recurrent stroke. JAMA 2011; 306 (19): 2137–44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1650
17. Weber R, Weimar C, Wanke I et al. Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with silent brain infarction in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) imaging substudy. Stroke 2012; 43 (2): 350–5. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.631739
18. Mant J, McManus RJ, Roalfe A et al. Different systolic blood pressure targets for people with history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: PAST-BP (Prevention After Stroke-Blood Pressure) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2016; 352: i708. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i708
19. Bath PM, Scutt P, Blackburn DJ et al. Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot "Prevention of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial" (PODCAST) randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12 (1): e0164608. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164608
20. Blackburn DJ, Krishnan K, Fox L et al. Prevention Of Decline in Cognition After Stroke Trial (PODCAST): a study protocol for a factorial randomised controlled trial of intensive versus guideline lowering of blood pressure and lipids. Trials 2013; 14: 401. DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-401
Авторы
О.Д. Остроумова*1, М.С. Черняева2
1 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ, Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
2 Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ, Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
2 Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.
