Актуальность. Часто артериальная гипертензия (АГ) сочетается с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), особенно у пожилых пациентов и больных с сопутствующими заболеваниями. Как известно, почки, выводящие контраст после проведения чрескожных коронарных вмешательств, являются органом-мишенью АГ, в связи с чем изучение риска развития контраст-ассоциированного острого повреждения почек (КА-ОПП) и его отдаленного влияния на прогноз является важной задачей для ученых в настоящее время. Цель. Определить частоту КА-ОПП у пациентов с ИБС и АГ и его влияние на прогноз. Материалы и методы. В проспективное открытое наблюдательное когортное исследование (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04014153) с периодом наблюдения более 5 лет включены 435 больных со стабильной ИБС и АГ и показаниями к проведению исследований с внутриартериальным введением йодсодержащего контрастного вещества. КА-ОПП определяли в случае повышения уровня сывороточного креатинина на 25% и больше от исходного либо на 0,5 мг/дл (44 мкмоль/л) и более от исходного через 48 ч после введения контраста. Первичной конечной точкой считали развитие контраст-индуцированного острого повреждения почек в соответствии с критериями KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes). В качестве вторичных конечных точек нами выбраны общая, сердечно-сосудистая смертность, развитие инфаркта миокарда, инсульта, острая декомпенсация сердечной недостаточности (ОДСН), повторная реваскуляризация (операция коронарного шунтирования/чрескожное коронарное вмешательство). Результаты. Большинство включенных пациентов – лица мужского пола с избыточной массой тела (индекс массы тела 29,1±4,8 кг/м2). При этом сахарным диабетом страдали лишь 88 (20,2%) больных, а сердечной недостаточностью – 3,9%. Объем введенного контраста составил 236,6±90,2 мл. Частота КА-ОПП – 82 (18,9%) случая. Сердечно-сосудистая смертность составила 3,9%, от инфаркта – 9,4%, инсульта – 2,5%, ОДСН – 9,7%. Заключение. Частота КА-ОПП у пациентов со стабильной ИБС и АГ несколько выше, чем без указанного сочетания заболеваний. Имеется тенденция к лучшей выживаемости без ИМ, инсульта и ОДСН у пациентов без КА-ОПП.
Background. Arterial hypertension (AH) is frequently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), especially in older patients and patients with comorbidities. Kidneys eliminate the contrast media after percutaneous coronary interventions and are considered target organs of AH, what makes the research of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) and its long-term prognosis important topics for the researchers nowadays. Aim. To assess the incidence of CA-AKI in patients with CAD and AH and its prognostic significance. Materials and methods. 435 patients with stable CAD and AH and indications for studies with intraarterial iodine contrast media administration were included in the prospective open observational cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04014153) with a follow-up period more than 5 years. CI-AKI was defined as the 25% rise (or 0.5 mg/dl) of serum creatinine from baseline assessed 48 hours after administration of contrast media. The primary endpoint was CI-AKI according to KDIGO criteria. The secondary endpoints were total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, acute decompensation of heart failure, coronary artery bypass grafting, repeat percutaneous coronary intervention. Results. Most of the patients, included in the study, were overweight (BMI 29.1±4.8 kg/m2) males. 88 (20.2%) patients suffered from diabetes mellitus and 3.9% had heart failure. The mean volume of contrast media administered was 236.6±90.2 ml. The rate of CA-AKI was 82 (18.9%) cases. The cardiovascular mortality rate was 3.9%, myocardial infarction – 9.4%, stroke – 2.5%, acute decompensation of heart failure – 9.7%. Conclusion. The rate of CA-AKI in patients with stable CAD and AH is slightly higher than in patients without such a combination of diseases. There is a trend towards better survival free of myocardial infarction, stroke or acute decompensation of heart failure in patients without CA-AKI.
1. Mehran R, Dangas GD, Weisbord SD. Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (22): 2146–55. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1805256
2. Conen D, Buerkle G, Perruchoud AP et al. Hypertension is an independent risk factor for contrast nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2006; 110 (2): 237–41.
3. McCullough PA. Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68 (13): 1465–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.099
4. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2 (1): 3. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2157171615310406
5. Williams B, Mancia G, De Backer G et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2018; 25 (6): 1105–87.
6. Ma M, Wan X, Gao M et al. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade is associated with higher risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12 (7): 5858–77.
7. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Reboldi G et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy as an independent predictor of acute cerebrovascular events in essential hypertension. Circulation 2001; 104 (17): 2039–44.
8. Lakhal K, Ehrmann S. Iodinated Contrast Medium Renal Toxicity: The Phantom Menace of Much Ado About Nothing? Crit Care Med 2017; 45 (7): e745–6.
9. Lakhal K, Robert-Edan V, Ehrmann S. In the Name of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury… Chest 2020; 157 (4): 751–2. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.12.009
10. Sidhu RB, Brown JR, Robb JF et al. Interaction of Gender and Age on Post Cardiac Catheterization Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102 (11): 1482–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.07.037
11. Mehran R, Aymong ED, Nikolsky E et al. A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: Development and initial validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44 (7): 1393–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.068
12. Maioli M, Toso A, Gallopin M et al. Preprocedural score for risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in elective coronary angiography and intervention. J Cardiovasc Med 2010; 11 (6): 444–9.
13. Ribitsch W, Horina JH, Quehenberger F et al. Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury and its Impact on Mid-Term Kidney Function, Cardiovascular Events and Mortality. Sci Rep 2019; 9 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53040-5
14. McCullough PA. Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Crit Care Nephrol. Third Ed. 2017; 282–8.
15. Mironova O, Perekosova O, Isaev G et al. sp250contrast-induced acute kidney injury: are we preventing better? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34 (Suppl. 1).
16. Kellum JA, Zarbock A, Nadim MK. What endpoints should be used for clinical studies in acute kidney injury? Intensive Care Med 2017; 43 (6): 901–3. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4732-1
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1. Mehran R, Dangas GD, Weisbord SD. Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (22): 2146–55. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1805256
2. Conen D, Buerkle G, Perruchoud AP et al. Hypertension is an independent risk factor for contrast nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2006; 110 (2): 237–41.
3. McCullough PA. Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68 (13): 1465–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.099
4. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2 (1): 3. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2157171615310406
5. Williams B, Mancia G, De Backer G et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2018; 25 (6): 1105–87.
6. Ma M, Wan X, Gao M et al. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade is associated with higher risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12 (7): 5858–77.
7. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Reboldi G et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy as an independent predictor of acute cerebrovascular events in essential hypertension. Circulation 2001; 104 (17): 2039–44.
8. Lakhal K, Ehrmann S. Iodinated Contrast Medium Renal Toxicity: The Phantom Menace of Much Ado About Nothing? Crit Care Med 2017; 45 (7): e745–6.
9. Lakhal K, Robert-Edan V, Ehrmann S. In the Name of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury… Chest 2020; 157 (4): 751–2. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.12.009
10. Sidhu RB, Brown JR, Robb JF et al. Interaction of Gender and Age on Post Cardiac Catheterization Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102 (11): 1482–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.07.037
11. Mehran R, Aymong ED, Nikolsky E et al. A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: Development and initial validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44 (7): 1393–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.068
12. Maioli M, Toso A, Gallopin M et al. Preprocedural score for risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in elective coronary angiography and intervention. J Cardiovasc Med 2010; 11 (6): 444–9.
13. Ribitsch W, Horina JH, Quehenberger F et al. Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury and its Impact on Mid-Term Kidney Function, Cardiovascular Events and Mortality. Sci Rep 2019; 9 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53040-5
14. McCullough PA. Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Crit Care Nephrol. Third Ed. 2017; 282–8.
15. Mironova O, Perekosova O, Isaev G et al. sp250contrast-induced acute kidney injury: are we preventing better? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34 (Suppl. 1).
16. Kellum JA, Zarbock A, Nadim MK. What endpoints should be used for clinical studies in acute kidney injury? Intensive Care Med 2017; 43 (6): 901–3. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4732-1
Авторы
О.Ю. Миронова*, В.В. Фомин
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*mironova_o_yu@staff.sechenov.ru