В настоящее время подходы к терапии рака молочной железы (РМЖ) основаны на определении наличия или отсутствия основных маркеров – рецепторов эстрогенов, рецепторов прогестерона и HER2-рецепторов. Современные научные данные позволяют предполагать, что процесс подразделения РМЖ на более мелкие, но четкие подгруппы будет продолжаться, а подходы к лечению – совершенствоваться. Значимость скрининга и ранней диагностики в улучшении результатов лечения и снижении уровня смертности от РМЖ несомненна, однако появляется все больше данных, свидетельствующих о преимущественном значении адъювантной химиотерапии (ХТ). Данные клинических исследований показывают, что включение трастузумаба в адъювантные схемы ХТ HER2-положительного РМЖ существенно улучшает отдаленные результаты лечения, уменьшает частоту рецидивов и снижает вероятность летального исхода. Особый интерес вызывают возможности двойного ингибирования HER2-рецепторов препаратами с разными механизмами действия. Использование таргетной терапии, в частности трастузумаба, позволило кардинально изменить прогноз в прошлом абсолютно летального варианта РМЖ, а применение комбинированной таргетной терапии еще больше приблизит эру персонализированной медицины.
The current approaches to therapy for breast cancer (BC) are based on whether the major markers, such as estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2 receptors, are present or absent. Scientific update suggests that subdividing BC into more minor, but distinct subgroups will be continued and treatment approaches will be improved. There is no question that screening and early diagnosis are important in improving treatment results and reducing BC mortality; however, there is increasing evidence for the precedence of adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical trials show that incorporation of trastuzumab in adjuvant treatment regimens for HER2-positive BC improves substantially long-term results and reduces recurrence rates and the likelihood of a fatal outcome. Of particular interest is the fact that the drugs having different modes of action can produce double inhibition of HER2 receptor. Targeted therapy with trastuzumab in particular could change dramatically the prognosis of the previously absolutely fatal variant of BC, and combination targeted therapy will bring the era of personalized medicine closer.
Key words: breast cancer, adjuvant therapy, targeted therapy, trastuzumab.
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