Лечение диссеминированной меланомы кожи остается серьезной проблемой современной онкологии. В данном обзоре рассмотрены основные особенности эпидемиологии меланомы кожи, описаны основные подходы системного лечения диссеминированных форм заболевания. Особое внимание уделено молекулярно-генетическим механизмам патогенеза меланомы кожи, в первую очередь мутациям в гене BRAFV600. В статье подробно описаны результаты клинических исследований таргетного ингибитора BRAF-киназы – вемурафениба, рассмотрены нежелательные эффекты препарата, способы их профилактики и лечения. Авторы также обсуждают дальнейшие перспективы применения вемурафениба в терапии меланомы кожи.
Up to date, therapy of disseminated skin melanoma remains a serious issue. In this review authors describe the main features of melanoma epidemiology, general approaches in the systemic therapy of disseminated forms of the disease. Special attention is paid to molecular-genetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of melanoma. This publication describes the results of novel BRAF-kinase inhibitor targeted drug vemurafenib clinical trials, its safety profile and adverse reactions management. The authors also discuss the further perspectives for vemurafenib use in the therapy of skin melanoma.
Key words: melanoma of the skin, therapy, chemotherapy, vemurafenib.
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Авторы
Л.В.Демидов, И.А.Утяшев, Г.Ю.Харкевич
ФГБУ Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН, Москва