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Активация каскада PI3K-AKT-mTOR при лейомиосаркоме матки
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Rozonova OA, Artamonova EV, Kozlov NA, Delektorskaya VV, Egorova AV, Stilidi IS. Activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascade in uterine leiomyosarcoma: a retrospective study of 31 patients. Journal of Modern Oncology. 2021;23(4):660–665.
DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2021.4.201221
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Цель. Изучить частоту экспрессии маркеров mTOR и phospho-mTOR при рецидиве высокозлокачественной ЛМС матки и оценить влияние экспрессии phospho-mTOR на непосредственные и отдаленные результаты применения доксорубицинсодержащих режимов химиотерапии и комбинации гемцитабин + доцетаксел.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включена 31 пациентка с ЛМС матки high-grade, прооперированная по поводу рецидива. На готовых гистологических препаратах операционного материала проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование с использованием антител mTOR и phospho-mTOR. Оценен уровень экспрессии данных маркеров от 0 до 100%. Проанализированы непосредственные и отдаленные результаты наиболее часто используемых режимов лекарственного лечения (доксорубицинсодержащих режимов и комбинации гемцитабин + доцетаксел) в зависимости от уровня экспрессии phospho-mTOR в опухоли.
Результаты. Экспрессия mTOR в опухоли выявлена у 4 пациенток с уровнем экспрессии от 1 до 2%, а экспрессия phospho-mTOR – у 20 пациенток с уровнем экспрессии от 1 до 70%. Медиана общей выживаемости в группе без экспрессии phospho-mTOR – 135 мес, в группе с экспрессией – 104 мес, р=0,732. При использовании доксорубицинсодержащих режимов в группе с экспрессией phospho-mTOR у 12% пациентов зафиксирован частичный эффект (ЧЭ), медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования (ВБП) – 26,7 мес, в группе без экспрессии не было ни одного ЧЭ, медиана ВБП – 8,7 мес, р=0,67. При использовании комбинации гемцитабин + доцетаксел в группе с экспрессией phospho-mTOR у 24% пациентов отмечен ЧЭ, медиана ВБП – 11,1 мес, в группе без экспрессии у 14% пациентов выявлен ЧЭ, медиана ВБП – 12,4 мес, р=0,372.
Заключение. У 2/3 пациентов с ЛМС матки high-grade выявлена экспрессия phospho-mTOR. Не получено влияния экспрессии данного маркера на общую выживаемость всех включенных пациентов и на ВБП у пациентов, получивших химиотерапию по схеме гемцитабин + доцетаксел. Отмечена тенденция к увеличению ВБП в группе с экспрессией phospho-mTOR у пациентов, получивших доксорубицинсодержащие режимы химиотерапии.
Ключевые слова: лейомиосаркома, каскад PI3K-AKT-mTOR, mTOR-ингибиторы
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Background. Taking into account the literature data, the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascade plays a role in the development of leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and the expression of markers of this signaling pathway in the tumor is associated with a more aggressive course of the disease. In addition, there is some data on the effective use of mTOR inhibitors in LMS.
Aim. To study the frequency of expression of mTOR and phospho-mTOR markers in relapse of high-grade uterine LMS and to evaluate the effect of phospho-mTOR expression on the immediate and long-term results of the use of doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimens and the combination of gemcitabine + docetaxel.
Materials and methods. The study included 31 patients with high-grade uterine LMS operated on for relapse. IHC was performed using mTOR and phospho-mTOR antibodies on ready-made histological preparations of the surgical material. The expression level of these markers was estimated as a percentage from 0 to 100%. The immediate and long-term results of the most commonly used drug treatment regimens (doxorubicin-containing regimens and gemcitabine + docetaxel combinations) were analyzed depending on the level of phospho-mTOR expression in the tumor.
Results. The expression of mTOR in the tumor was detected in 4 patients with an expression level from 1 to 2%, and the expression of phospho-mTOR was detected in 20 patients with an expression level from 1 to 70%. Median OS in the group without phospho-mTOR expression was 135 months, in the group with expression – 104 months, p=0.732. When using doxorubicin-containing regimens in the group with phospho-mTOR expression, 12% of patients had a partial response (PR), median PFS was 26.7 months, in the group without expression there was no PR, median PFS was 8.7 months, p=0.67. When using a combination of gemcitabine + docetaxel, in the group with phospho-mTOR expression, 24% of patients had PR, median PFS was 11.1 months, in the group without expression, 14% of patients had PR, median PFS was 12.4 months, p=0.372.
Conclusion. Phospho-mTOR expression was detected in 2/3 of patients with high-grade uterine LMS. There was no effect of the expression of this marker on the OS of all included patients and on PFS in patients who received chemotherapy according to the gemcitabine + docetaxel regime. There was a tendency to an increase in PFS in the group with phospho-mTOR expression in patients who received doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimens.
Keywords: leiomyosarcoma, PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascade, mTOR-inhibitors
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12. Yang J, Du X, Chen K, et al. Genetic aberrations in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. Cancer Lett. 2009;275:1-8.
13. Seelinger H, Guba M, Kleespies A, et al. Role of mTOR in solid tumour systems: a therapeutical target against primary tumour growth, metastases, and angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007;26(3-4):611-21.
14. Cuppens T, Annibali D, Coosemans A, et al. Potential Targets' Analysis Reveals Dual PI3K/mTOR Pathway Inhibition as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Uterine Leiomyosarcomas – an ENITEC Group Initiative. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(5):1274‑85.
15. Brewer Savannah KJ, Demicco EG, Lusby K, et al. Dual targeting of mTOR and aurora-A kinase for the treatment of uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(17):4633-45. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0436
16. Dobashi Y, Suzuki S, Sato E, et al. EGFR-dependent and independent activation of Akt/mTOR cascade in bone and soft tissue tumors. Mod Pathol. 2009;22(10):1328‑40.
17. Setsu N, Yamamoto H, Kohashi K, et al. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated and associated with adverse prognosis in soft tissue leiomyosarcomas. Cancer. 2012;118(6):1637-48.
18. Gibault L, Ferreira C, Pérot G, et al. From PTEN loss of expression to RICTOR role in smooth muscle differentiation: complex involvement of the mTOR pathway in leiomyosarcomas and pleomorphic sarcomas. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(2):197-211.
19. Hernando E, Charytonowicz E, Dudas ME, et al. The AKT-mTOR pathway plays a critical role in the development of leiomyosarcomas. Nat Med. 2007;13(6):748-53.
20. Italiano A, Kind M, Stoeckle E, et al. Temsirolimus in advanced leiomyosarcomas: patterns of response and correlation with the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Anticancer Drugs. 2011;22(5):463-7.
DOI:10.1097/CAD.0b013e3283442074
21. Yoo C, Lee J, Rha SY, et al. Multicenter phase II study of everolimus in patients with metastatic or recurrent bone and soft-tissue sarcomas after failure of anthracycline and ifosfamide. Invest New Drugs. 2013;31(6):1602-8.
DOI:10.1007/s10637-013-0028-7
22. Demetri GD, Chawla SP, Ray-Coquard I, et al. Results of an international randomized phase III trial of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor ridaforolimus versus placebo to control metastatic sarcomas in patients after benefit from prior chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(19):2485-92.
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1. Farshid G, Pradhan M, Goldblum J, Weiss S. Leiomyosarcoma of somatic soft tissues. A tumor of vascular origin with multivariate analysis of outcome in 42 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:14-24.
2. Siniachkin MS. Optimizatsiia diagnostiki i lecheniia leiomiosarkom miagkikh tkanei. Avtoref. dis. … kand. med. nauk. Saint Petersburg, 2016 (in Russian).
3. Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Leiomyosarcoma. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR (ed.). Enzinger and Weiss’s Soft Tissue Tumors. 6th ed. Philadelphia, 2014; р. 549-68.
4. Roberts ME, Aynardi JT, Chu CS. Uterine leiomyosarcoma: A review of the literature and update on management options. Gynecol Oncol. 2018;151(3):562‑72. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.010
5. Seagle BLL, Sobecki-Rausch J, Strohl AE, et al. Prognosis and treatment of uterine leiomyosarcoma: A National Cancer Database study. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;145(1):61-70.
6. Harati K, Daigeler A, Lange K, et al. Somatic Leiomyosarcoma of the Soft Tissues: A Single-Institutional Analysis of Factors Predictive of Survival in 164 Patients. World J Surg. 2017;41(6):1534-41.
7. Gootee J, Sioda N, Aurit S, et al. Important prognostic factors in leiomyosarcoma survival: a National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis. Clin Transl Oncol. 2020;22(6):860-9. DOI:10.1007/s12094-019-02196-7
8. Nikogosyan SO, Gordeev SS, Tumanyan AO, Malikhov AG. Surgical anatomy of the pelvis: role of parametrium. Pelvic Surgery and Oncology. 2019;9(1):11-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.17650/2220-3478-2019-9-1-11-18
9. Helman LJ, Meltzer P. Mechanisms of sarcoma development. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3(9):685-94. DOI:10.1038/nrc1168
10. Hu J, Khanna V, Jones M, Surti U. Genomic alterations in uterine leiomyosarcomas: potential markers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2001;31:117-24. DOI:10.1002/gcc.1125
11. Hu J, Rao UN, Jasani S, et al. Loss of DNA copy number of 10q is associated with aggressive behavior of leiomyosarcomas: a comparative genomic hybridization study. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2005;161(1):20-7. DOI:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.01.011
12. Yang J, Du X, Chen K, et al. Genetic aberrations in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. Cancer Lett. 2009;275:1-8.
13. Seelinger H, Guba M, Kleespies A, et al. Role of mTOR in solid tumour systems: a therapeutical target against primary tumour growth, metastases, and angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007;26(3-4):611-21.
14. Cuppens T, Annibali D, Coosemans A, et al. Potential Targets' Analysis Reveals Dual PI3K/mTOR Pathway Inhibition as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Uterine Leiomyosarcomas – an ENITEC Group Initiative. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(5):1274‑85.
15. Brewer Savannah KJ, Demicco EG, Lusby K, et al. Dual targeting of mTOR and aurora-A kinase for the treatment of uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(17):4633-45. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0436
16. Dobashi Y, Suzuki S, Sato E, et al. EGFR-dependent and independent activation of Akt/mTOR cascade in bone and soft tissue tumors. Mod Pathol. 2009;22(10):1328‑40.
17. Setsu N, Yamamoto H, Kohashi K, et al. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated and associated with adverse prognosis in soft tissue leiomyosarcomas. Cancer. 2012;118(6):1637-48.
18. Gibault L, Ferreira C, Pérot G, et al. From PTEN loss of expression to RICTOR role in smooth muscle differentiation: complex involvement of the mTOR pathway in leiomyosarcomas and pleomorphic sarcomas. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(2):197-211.
19. Hernando E, Charytonowicz E, Dudas ME, et al. The AKT-mTOR pathway plays a critical role in the development of leiomyosarcomas. Nat Med. 2007;13(6):748-53.
20. Italiano A, Kind M, Stoeckle E, et al. Temsirolimus in advanced leiomyosarcomas: patterns of response and correlation with the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Anticancer Drugs. 2011;22(5):463-7.
DOI:10.1097/CAD.0b013e3283442074
21. Yoo C, Lee J, Rha SY, et al. Multicenter phase II study of everolimus in patients with metastatic or recurrent bone and soft-tissue sarcomas after failure of anthracycline and ifosfamide. Invest New Drugs. 2013;31(6):1602-8.
DOI:10.1007/s10637-013-0028-7
22. Demetri GD, Chawla SP, Ray-Coquard I, et al. Results of an international randomized phase III trial of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor ridaforolimus versus placebo to control metastatic sarcomas in patients after benefit from prior chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(19):2485-92.
1 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
3 ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского», Москва, Россия;
4 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*rozonova.oa@yandex.ru
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Olga A. Rozonova*1, Elena V. Artamonova1–3, Nikolai A. Kozlov1, Vera V. Delektorskaya1, Angelina V. Egorova2, Ivan S. Stilidi1,2,4
1 Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia;
2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
3 Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia;
4 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*rozonova.oa@yandex.ru