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Плоскоклеточный рак кожи после трансплантации сердца: клинический случай
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
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Ognerubov NA, Ognerubova MA. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after cardiac transplantation: a clinical case. Journal of Modern Oncology. 2023;25(2):253–256. DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202298
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Материалы и методы. Мы представляем клинический случай первично-множественного плоскоклеточного рака с метастатическим поражением регионарных лимфатических узлов у пациента после трансплантации сердца.
Результаты. Пациенту 67 лет в сентябре 2018 г. по поводу ишемической кардиомиопатии успешно выполнена ортотопическая трансплантация сердца. В последующем проводилась иммуносупрессивная тройная терапия, включая такролимус в комбинации с микофенолатом мофетилом и преднизолоном. В мае 2022 г. на коже лопаточной области справа появилась плотная опухоль с изъязвлением. Через некоторое время на коже теменной области слева, задней поверхности ушной раковины и затылочной области слева появились аналогичные опухоли. Позднее пациент обнаружил плотную безболезненную опухоль в области угла нижней челюсти слева. При обследовании в онкодиспансере произведена биопсия опухоли кожи лопаточной области, соскобы с опухолей и аспирационная биопсия подчелюстных лимфоузлов. При гистологическом и цитологических исследованиях во всех образованиях установлен плоскоклеточный ороговевающий рак с метастазами в подчелюстные лимфоузлы. По данным дополнительных методов обследования признаков прогрессирования не обнаружено. Установлен диагноз: первично-множественный синхронный рак кожи: лопаточной области справа – стадия III cT3N0M0, теменной области слева – стадия II cT2N0M0, затылочной области – стадия I cT1N0M0, ушной раковины слева – стадия IV cT1N2M0. С учетом локализации опухолей выполнено хирургическое лечение в объеме иссечения опухолей лопаточной и теменной областей. На метастатически пораженные лимфоузлы проведена лучевая терапия. Через 6 мес обнаружен рецидив опухоли в зоне облучения.
Заключение. После трансплантации сердца плоскоклеточный рак кожи является распространенным гистологическим вариантом. Чаще он поражает кожу головы и шеи с метастазами в регионарные лимфоузлы, склонен к рецидивированию. Основным методом лечения является хирургический и лучевая терапия.
Ключевые слова: трансплантация сердца, рак кожи, плоскоклеточный вариант, лечение, прогноз
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Background. Solid organ transplantation recipients have a high risk of non-melanoma skin tumors. Patients after heart transplantation are prone to a higher incidence of malignant skin tumors due to intensive immunosuppressive therapy. The most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma, followed by basal cell carcinoma. These tumors have a more aggressive clinical course, including the frequency of recurrence and metastasis, and a tendency to multifocal lesions.
Materials and methods. We present a clinical case of primary multiple squamous cell carcinoma with metastatic lesions of regional lymph nodes in a patient after heart transplantation.
Results. A 67-year-old patient underwent an orthotopic heart transplant in September 2018 for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Subsequently, triple immunosuppressive therapy was administered, including tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone. In May 2022, a solid tumor with ulceration occurred on the skin of the right scapular region. After some time, similar tumors appeared on the skin of the temporal region on the left, the posterior surface of the auricle and the parietal region on the left. The patient later found a solid, painless tumor on the left jaw angle. As a part of the examination in the oncology dispensary, a biopsy of the scapular skin tumor, scrapings from tumors, and aspiration biopsy of the submandibular lymph nodes were performed. Histological and cytological studies of all neoplasms showed squamous cell keratinizing cancer with metastases to the submandibular lymph nodes. Additional examination methods showed no signs of progression. The diagnosis was made: primary multiple synchronous skin cancer: right scapular area, stage III, cT3N0M0; left parietal area, stage II, cT2N0M0; occipital area, stage I, cT1N0M0; left auricle, stage IV, cT1N2M0. Considering the localization of tumors, surgical treatment was performed, including of excision of tumors in the scapular and parietal regions. Radiation therapy was performed on lymph nodes with metastases. After 6 months, a tumor recurrence was detected in the irradiation area.
Conclusion. After heart transplantation, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is common. Usually, it affects the scalp and neck with metastases to the regional lymph nodes and is prone to recurrence. The primary treatment method is surgical and radiation therapy.
Keywords: heart transplantation, skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, treatment, prognosis
2. Krynitz B, Edgren G, Lindelöf B, et al. Risk of skin cancer and other malignancies in kidney, liver, heart and lung transplant recipients 1970 to 2008 – A Swedish population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2013;132:1429-38. DOI:10.1002/ijc.27765
3. Rudež LK, Šklebar T, Čeović R. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in a heart transplant patient: a case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Croat. 2022;61(1):157‑65. DOI:10.20471/acc.2022.61.01.21
4. Mittal A, Colegio OR. Skin cancers in organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2017;17(10):2509-30. DOI:10.1111/ajt.14382
5. Secnikova Z, Gopfertova D, Hoskova L, et al. Significantly higher incidence of skin cancer than other malignancies in patients after heart transplantation. A retrospective cohort study in the Czech Republic. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(4):648-51. DOI:10.5507/bp.2015.011
6. Lanz J, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Westhuis M, et al. Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(1):66-71. DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4406
7. Greenberg JN, Zwald FO. Management of Skin Cancer in solid-organ transplant recipients: a multidisciplinary approach. Dermatol Clin. 2011;29(2):231-41.
8. Moloney FJ, Comber H, O'Lorcain P, et al. A population-based study of skin cancer incidence and prevalence in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154(3):498-504.
9. Stenz NA, Stampf S, Arnold AW, et al; Swiss Transplant Cohort Study. Skin Cancer Development in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in Switzerland (Swiss Transplant Cohort Study). Dermatology. 2021;237(6):970-80. DOI:10.1159/000510685
10. Fortina AB, Piaserico S, Caforio AL, et al. Immunosuppressive level and other risk factors for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in heart transplant recipients. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(9):1079-85.
11. Park GH, Chang SE, Won CH, et al. Incidence of primary skin cancer after organ transplantation: an 18-year single-center experience in Korea. J Am Acad Dermatol.
2014;70(3):465-72.
12. Rashtak S, Dierkhising RA, Kremers WK, et al. Incidence and risk factors for skin cancer following lung transplantation. J Am Acad Dermatol.2015;72(1):92-8.
13. Caforio AL, Fortina AB, Piaserico S, et al. Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients: risk factor analysis and relevance of immunosuppressive therapy. Circulation.
2000;102(19 suppl. 3):III222-7.
14. Laing ME, Dicker P, Moloney FJ, et al. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant patients. Transplantation. 2007;84(1):113-6.
15. Yu NY, DeWees TA, Alam M, et al. Risk of recurrence and 10-year outcomes in surgically treated nonmelanoma skin cancer in cardiac and liver transplant recipients. Am J Clin Oncol. 2020;43(5):366-70. DOI:10.1097/COC.0000000000000677
16. Singh M, Lim C, Eriksson E. Role of decreased immunosuppression regimen in a heart transplant recipient with more than 500 squamous cell cancers. Med Oncol. 2015;32(9):229. DOI:10.1007/s12032-015-0674-z
17. O'Brien CJ, McNeil EB, McMahon JD, et al. Incidence of cervical node involvement in metastatic cutaneous malignancy involving the parotid gland. Head Neck. 2001;23(9):744-8.
18. Rabinovics N, Mizrachi A, Hadar T, et al. Cancer of the head and neck region in solid organ transplant recipients. Head Neck. 2014;36(2):181-6.
19. Adamson R, Obispo E, Dychter S, et al. High incidence and clinical course of aggressive skin cancer in heart transplant patients: a single-center study. Transplant Proc. 1998;30(4):1124-6.
20. Garrett GL, Lowenstein SE, Singer JP, et al. Trends of skin cancer mortality after transplantation in the United States: 1987 to 2013. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(1):106-12.
21. Brewer JD, Colegio OR, Phillips PK, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for skin cancer after heart transplant. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(12):1391-6.
DOI:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.276
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1. De Rosa N, Paddon VL, Liu Z, et al. Nonmelanoma skin cancer frequency and risk factors in Australian heart and lung transplant recipients. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(6):716-9. DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4789
2. Krynitz B, Edgren G, Lindelöf B, et al. Risk of skin cancer and other malignancies in kidney, liver, heart and lung transplant recipients 1970 to 2008 – A Swedish population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2013;132:1429-38. DOI:10.1002/ijc.27765
3. Rudež LK, Šklebar T, Čeović R. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in a heart transplant patient: a case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Croat. 2022;61(1):157‑65. DOI:10.20471/acc.2022.61.01.21
4. Mittal A, Colegio OR. Skin cancers in organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2017;17(10):2509-30. DOI:10.1111/ajt.14382
5. Secnikova Z, Gopfertova D, Hoskova L, et al. Significantly higher incidence of skin cancer than other malignancies in patients after heart transplantation. A retrospective cohort study in the Czech Republic. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(4):648-51. DOI:10.5507/bp.2015.011
6. Lanz J, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Westhuis M, et al. Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(1):66-71. DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4406
7. Greenberg JN, Zwald FO. Management of Skin Cancer in solid-organ transplant recipients: a multidisciplinary approach. Dermatol Clin. 2011;29(2):231-41.
8. Moloney FJ, Comber H, O'Lorcain P, et al. A population-based study of skin cancer incidence and prevalence in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154(3):498-504.
9. Stenz NA, Stampf S, Arnold AW, et al; Swiss Transplant Cohort Study. Skin Cancer Development in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in Switzerland (Swiss Transplant Cohort Study). Dermatology. 2021;237(6):970-80. DOI:10.1159/000510685
10. Fortina AB, Piaserico S, Caforio AL, et al. Immunosuppressive level and other risk factors for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in heart transplant recipients. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(9):1079-85.
11. Park GH, Chang SE, Won CH, et al. Incidence of primary skin cancer after organ transplantation: an 18-year single-center experience in Korea. J Am Acad Dermatol.
2014;70(3):465-72.
12. Rashtak S, Dierkhising RA, Kremers WK, et al. Incidence and risk factors for skin cancer following lung transplantation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(1):92-8.
13. Caforio AL, Fortina AB, Piaserico S, et al. Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients: risk factor analysis and relevance of immunosuppressive therapy. Circulation.
2000;102(19 suppl. 3):III222-7.
14. Laing ME, Dicker P, Moloney FJ, et al. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant patients. Transplantation. 2007;84(1):113-6.
15. Yu NY, DeWees TA, Alam M, et al. Risk of recurrence and 10-year outcomes in surgically treated nonmelanoma skin cancer in cardiac and liver transplant recipients. Am J Clin Oncol. 2020;43(5):366-70. DOI:10.1097/COC.0000000000000677
16. Singh M, Lim C, Eriksson E. Role of decreased immunosuppression regimen in a heart transplant recipient with more than 500 squamous cell cancers. Med Oncol. 2015;32(9):229. DOI:10.1007/s12032-015-0674-z
17. O'Brien CJ, McNeil EB, McMahon JD, et al. Incidence of cervical node involvement in metastatic cutaneous malignancy involving the parotid gland. Head Neck. 2001;23(9):744-8.
18. Rabinovics N, Mizrachi A, Hadar T, et al. Cancer of the head and neck region in solid organ transplant recipients. Head Neck. 2014;36(2):181-6.
19. Adamson R, Obispo E, Dychter S, et al. High incidence and clinical course of aggressive skin cancer in heart transplant patients: a single-center study. Transplant Proc. 1998;30(4):1124-6.
20. Garrett GL, Lowenstein SE, Singer JP, et al. Trends of skin cancer mortality after transplantation in the United States: 1987 to 2013. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(1):106-12.
21. Brewer JD, Colegio OR, Phillips PK, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for skin cancer after heart transplant. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(12):1391-6.
DOI:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.276
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г.Р. Державина», Тамбов, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Тамбовский областной онкологический клинический диспансер», Тамбов, Россия
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.ru
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Nikolai A. Ognerubov*1, Marina A. Ognerubova2
1 Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia;
2 Tambov Regional Oncological Clinical Dispensary, Tambov, Russia
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.ru