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Лучевые повреждения органов и тканей: механизмы возникновения, методы их профилактики и лечения
Лучевые повреждения органов и тканей: механизмы возникновения, методы их профилактики и лечения
Балаева Д. А., Романов Д. С., Трофимова О. П., Гаджибабаева З. З., Горчак Ю. Ю., Гаряев Г. А. Лучевые повреждения органов и тканей: механизмы возникновения, методы их профилактики и лечения. Современная Онкология. 2023;25(4):504–512. DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2023.4.202572
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
В современной медицине метод лучевой терапии (ЛТ) представляет собой один из основных способов лечения онкологических заболеваний. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, около 70% пациентов с диагностированными злокачественными новообразованиями нуждаются в проведении ЛТ на том или ином этапе лечения. Разработка и совершенствование методов ранней диагностики злокачественных опухолей, развитие мультимодальной терапии онкологических больных, включающей хирургическое вмешательство, новые схемы лекарственного лечения, современные методики конформной 3D-ЛТ и протонной терапии позволили достоверно улучшить результаты лечения больных, повысить продолжительность их жизни. Современная ЛТ – высокотехнологичная цепь последовательного использования сложных технических приборов, математических расчетов для разрушения опухоли без оказания негативного влияния на окружающие нормальные ткани. У некоторых больных развиваются лучевые повреждения нормальных органов и тканей, которые снижают качество их жизни. Профилактика их возникновения и лечение являются актуальными проблемами современной онкологии. В статье рассматриваются патогенез и механизм развития общих и местных лучевых реакций, а также методы лечения и профилактики некоторых из них. Для систематического обзора в процессе поиска информации использованы три электронные базы данных, включая PubMed, Cochrane и Embase, а также работы российских радиотерапевтов.
Ключевые слова: лучевая терапия, побочные эффекты лучевой терапии, лучевой ректит, лучевой миелит, лучевой цистит, лучевая алопеция, пневмофиброз, лучевой пневмонит, лучевой эзофагит, лучевой гепатит, лучевой дерматит
Keywords: radiation therapy, side effects of radiation therapy, radiation proctitis, radiation myelitis, radiation cystitis, radiation alopecia, pneumofibrosis, radiation pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis, radiation hepatitis, radiation dermatitis
Ключевые слова: лучевая терапия, побочные эффекты лучевой терапии, лучевой ректит, лучевой миелит, лучевой цистит, лучевая алопеция, пневмофиброз, лучевой пневмонит, лучевой эзофагит, лучевой гепатит, лучевой дерматит
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Keywords: radiation therapy, side effects of radiation therapy, radiation proctitis, radiation myelitis, radiation cystitis, radiation alopecia, pneumofibrosis, radiation pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis, radiation hepatitis, radiation dermatitis
Полный текст
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8. Maier P, Hartmann L, Wenz F, Herskind C. Cellular Pathways in Response to Ionizing Radiation and Their Targetability for Tumor Radiosensitization. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(1):102. DOI:10.3390/ijms17010102
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12. Palma DA, Senan S, Oberije C, et al. Predicting esophagitis after chemoradiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;87(4):690‑6. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.07.029
13. Chowhan NM. Injurious effects of radiation on the esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85(2):115‑20.
14. Day DW, Jass JR, Price AB, et al. Inflammatory disorders of the large intestine. Morson and Dawson’s Gastrointestinal Pathology. 4th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science Ltd. 2003. No. 50; P. 519‑20.
15. Greco FA, Brereton HD, Kent H, et al. Adriamycin and enhanced radiation reaction in normal esophagus and skin. Ann Intern Med. 1976;85(3):294‑8.
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20. Kasibhatla M, Clough RW, Montana GS, et al. Predictors of severe gastrointestinal toxicity after external beam radiotherapy and interstitial brachytherapy for advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65(2):398‑403. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.12.008
21. Hale MF. Radiation enteritis: from diagnosis to management. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2020;36(3):208‑14. DOI:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000632
22. Liu MM, Li ST, Shu Y, Zhan HQ. Probiotics for prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(6):e0178870. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0178870
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24. Gokula K, Earnest A, Wong LC. Meta-analysis of incidence of early lung toxicity in 3‑dimensional conformal irradiation of breast carcinomas. Radiat Oncol. 2013;8:268. DOI:10.1186/1748‑717X‑8‑268
25. Marks LB, Yorke ED, Jackson A, et al. Use of normal tissue complication probability models in the clinic. Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(Suppl. 3):S10‑9. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1754
26. Nyman J, Hallqvist A, Lund JA, et al. SPACE – A randomized study of SBRT vs conventional fractionated radiotherapy in medically inoperable stage I NSCLC. Radiother Oncol. 2016;121(1):1‑8. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.08.015
27. Prezzano KM, Ma SJ, Hermann GM, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A review. World J Clin Oncol. 2019;10(1):14‑27. DOI:10.5306/wjco.v10.i1.14
28. Hanania AN, Mainwaring W, Ghebre YT, et al. Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: Assessment and Management. Chest. 2019;156(1):150‑62. DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2019.03.033
29. Chen H, Senan S, Nossent EJ, et al. Treatment-Related Toxicity in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Coexisting Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;98(3):622‑31. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.03.010
30. Palma D, Lagerwaard F, Rodrigues G, et al. Curative treatment of Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer in patients with severe COPD: stereotactic radiotherapy outcomes and systematic review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;82(3):1149‑56. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.03.005
31. Johansson S, Bjermer L, Franzen L, Henriksson R. Effects of ongoing smoking on the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis in breast cancer and oesophagus cancer patients. Radiother Oncol. 1998;49(1):41‑7. DOI:10.1016/s0167‑8140(98)00064‑4
32. Zhang X-J, Sun J-G, Sun J, et al. Prediction of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012;138(12):2103‑16. DOI:10.1007/s00432‑012‑1284‑1
33. Arroyo-Hernández M, Maldonado F, Lozano-Ruiz F, et al. Radiation-induced lung injury: current evidence. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):9. DOI:10.1186/s12890‑020‑01376‑4
34. Henkenberens C, Janssen S, Lavae-Mokhtari M, et al. Inhalative steroids as an individual treatment in symptomatic lung cancer patients with radiation pneumonitis grade II after radiotherapy – a single-centre experience. Radiat Oncol. 2016;11:12. DOI:10.1186/s13014‑016‑0580‑3
35. Rahi MS, Parekh J, Pednekar P, et al. Radiation-Induced Lung Injury-Current Perspectives and Management. Clin Pract. 2021;11(3):410‑29. DOI:10.3390/clinpract11030056
36. Wu W, Qiu L, Wu J, et al. Efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11(12):e050004. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen‑2021‑050004
37. Сычева И.В., Пасов В. В. Лучевые повреждения органов малого таза после лечения ранних стадий рака предстательной железы (обзор литературы). Радиация и риск. 2014;23(4):99‑115 [Sycheva IV, Pasov VV. Luchevye povrezhdeniia organov malogo taza posle lecheniia rannikh stadii raka predstatel’noi zhelezy (obzor literatury). Radiatsiia i risk. 2014;23(4):99‑115 (in Russian)].
38. Johnston MJ, Robertson GM, Frizelle FA. Management of late complications of pelvic radiation in the rectum and anus: a review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(2):247‑59. DOI:10.1007/s10350‑004‑6530‑4.
39. Kennedy GD, Heise C.P. Radiation сolitis and proctitis. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007;20(1):64‑72. DOI:10.1055/s‑2007‑970202
40. Cotti G, Seid V, Araujo S, et al. Conservative therapies for hemorrhagic radiation proctitis: a review. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2003;58(5):284‑92. DOI:10.1590/s0041‑87812003000500008
41. Zwaans BMM, Lamb LE, Bartolone S, et al. Cancer survivorship issues with radiation and hemorrhagic cystitis in gynecological malignancies. Int Urol Nephrol. 2018;50(10):1745‑51. DOI:10.1007/s11255‑018‑1970‑2
42. DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia, New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Press, 2008.
43. Fuccio L, Frazzoni L, Guido A. Prevention of pelvic radiation disease. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2015;6(1):1‑9. DOI:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i1.1
44. Zimmerer T, Böcker U, Wenz F, Singer MV. Medical prevention and treatment of acute and chronic radiation induced enteritis – is there any proven therapy? A short review. Z Gastroenterol. 2008;46(5):441‑8. DOI:10.1055/s‑2008‑1027150
45. Lopez SR, Mangır N. Current standard of care in treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Ther Adv Urol. 2021;13:17562872211022478. DOI:10.1177/17562872211022478
46. Colemeadow J, Sahai A, Malde S. Clinical Management of Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Review on Current Recommendations and Emerging Treatment Options. Res Rep Urol. 2020;12:331‑43. DOI:10.2147/RRU.S238746
47. Peng YC, Yueh-Hsia Chiu S, Feng M, Liang CC. The effect of intravesical hyaluronic acid therapy on urodynamic and clinical outcomes among women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;59(6):922‑6. DOI:10.1016/j.tjog.2020.09.021
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51. Dahiya DS, Kichloo A, Tuma F, et al. Radiation Proctitis and Management Strategies. Clin Endosc. 2022;55(1):22‑32. DOI:10.5946/ce.2020.288
52. Carausu M, Beddok A, Langer A, et al. Radiation myelitis after pembrolizumab administration, with favorable clinical evolution and safe rechallenge: a case report and review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):317. DOI:10.1186/s40425‑019‑0803‑x
53. Schultheiss TE, Stephens LC, Maor MH. Analysis of the histopathology of radiation myelopathy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988;14(1):27‑32. DOI:10.1016/0360‑3016(88)90046‑6
54. Okada S, Okeda R. Pathology of radiation myelopathy. Neuropathology. 2001;21(4):247‑65. DOI:10.1046/j.1440‑1789.2001.00408.x
55. Scott TF, Frohman EM, De Seze J, et al. Evidence-based guideline: clinical evaluation and treatment of transverse myelitis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2011;77(24):2128‑34. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823dc535
56. Coderre JA, Morris GM, Micca PL, et al. Late effects of radiation on the central nervous system: role of vascular endothelial damage and glial stem cell survival. Radiat Res. 2006;166(3):495‑503. DOI:10.1667/RR3597.1
57. Ricard D, Durand T, Tauziède-Espariat A, et al. Neurologic complications of radiation therapy. In: Schiff D, Arrillaga I, Wen PY. Cancer neurology in clinical practice: neurological complications of Cancer and its treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018; р. 241‑73.
58. Abuzneid YS, Al-Janazreh H, Haif F, et al. Radiation induced delayed transverse myelitis and neurological deficit at tertiary care center. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;69:102728. DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102728
59. Benson R, Madan R, Kilambi R, Chander S. Radiation induced liverdisease: A clinical update. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2016;28:7‑11. DOI:10.1016/j.jnci.2015.08.001
60. Li G, Wang J, Hu W, Zhang Z. Radiation-Induced Liver Injury In Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) For Postoperative or Locoregional Recurrent Gastric Cancer: Risk Factors And Dose Limitations. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0136288. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0136288.
61. Toesca DAS, Ibragimov B, Koong AJ, et al. Strategies for prediction and mitigation of radiation-induced liver toxicity. J Radiat Res. 2018;59(Suppl_1):i40‑9. DOI:10.1093/jrr/rrx104
62. Ingold DK, Reed GB, Kaplan HS, et al. Radiation hepatitis. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1965;93:200‑8.
63. Fajardo LF, Colby TV. Pathogenesis of veno-occlusive liver disease after radiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1980;104:584‑8.
64. Guha C, Kavanagh BD. Hepatic radiation toxicity: avoidance and amelioration. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2011;21(4):256‑63. DOI:10.1016/j.semradonc.2011.05.003
65. Porock D. Factors influencing the severity of radiation skin and oral mucosal reactions: development of a conceptual framework. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2002;11(1):33‑43. DOI:10.1046/j.1365‑2354.2002.00287.x
66. Chan RJ, Webster J, Chung B, et al. Prevention and treatment of acute radiation-induced skin reactions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:53. DOI:10.1186/1471‑2407‑14‑53
67. Chu CN, Hu KC, Wu RS, Bau DT. Radiation-irritated skin and hyperpigmentation may impact the quality of life of breast cancer patients after whole breast radiotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1):330. DOI:10.1186/s12885‑021‑08047‑5
68. Wei J, Meng L, Hou X, et al. Radiation-induced skin reactions: mechanism and treatment. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;11:167‑77. DOI:10.2147/CMAR.S188655
69. Farhan F, Kazemian A, Alagheband H. A double blind randomaized trial to evaluation of topical betamethasone for the prevention of acute dermatitis in breast cancer patients. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research. 2003;1(2):105‑11.
70. Mioc M, Milan A, Malita D, et al. Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part I). Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(14):7740. DOI:10.3390/ijms23147740
71. Ghiulai R, Roşca OJ, Antal DS, et al. Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5557. DOI:10.3390/molecules25235557
72. Boo YC. Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(8):1315. DOI:10.3390/antiox10081315
73. Nogués MR, Giralt M, Cervelló I, et al. Parameters related to oxygen free radicals in human skin: a study comparing healthy epidermis and skin cancer tissue. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119(3):645‑52. DOI:10.1046/j.1523‑1747.2002.00077.x
74. Ahmad I, Sardana K, Chufal KS, Bhatt CP. Radiation induced alopecia: an under-appreciated side effect of whole brain radiotherapy and strategies to ameliorate it. J Nucl Med Radiat Ther. 2018; S9:002. DOI:10.4172/2155‑9619.S9‑002
75. Kirkpatrick JP, Milano MT, Constine LS, et al. Perez & Brady’s principles and practice of radiation oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
76. Severs GA, Griffin T, Werner-Wasik M. Cicatricial alopecia secondary to radiation therapy: case report and review of the literature. Cutis. 2008;81(2):147‑53.
77. Suchonwanit P, McMichael AJ. Alopecia in association with malignancy: a review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(6):853‑65. DOI:10.1007/s40257‑018‑0378‑1
78. Wen CS, Lin SM, Chen Y, et al. Radiation-induced temporary alopecia after embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;105(3):215‑7. DOI:10.1016/s0303‑8467(03)00007‑6
79. Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (AECC). Observatorio contra el cancer. 2021. Available at: https://observatorio.contraelcancer.es. Accessed: 29.10.2023.
80. Trujillo-Martín MM, De Armas-Castellano A, Gonzalez-Hernandez Ya, et al. Scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2023;97:e202303024 (in Spanish).
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45. Lopez SR, Mangır N. Current standard of care in treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Ther Adv Urol. 2021;13:17562872211022478. DOI:10.1177/17562872211022478
46. Colemeadow J, Sahai A, Malde S. Clinical Management of Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Review on Current Recommendations and Emerging Treatment Options. Res Rep Urol. 2020;12:331‑43. DOI:10.2147/RRU.S238746
47. Peng YC, Yueh-Hsia Chiu S, Feng M, Liang CC. The effect of intravesical hyaluronic acid therapy on urodynamic and clinical outcomes among women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;59(6):922‑6. DOI:10.1016/j.tjog.2020.09.021
48. Kulchenko NG. Treatment of Acute Radiation Cystitis in Women. Trudnyi patsient. 2017;15(8‑9):22‑3 (in Russian).
49. Oltarzhevskaya ND, Korovina MA, Barsukov YA, et al. Application of „Kolegel“ complex in combined therapy of rectal cancer. Experimental & Clinical Gastroenterology. 2015;116(4):77‑82 (in Russian).
50. Sycheva IV. Treatment of radiation-induced pelvic damage after radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2018;17(3):64‑71 (in Russian). DOI:10.21294/1814‑4861‑2018‑17‑3–64‑71
51. Dahiya DS, Kichloo A, Tuma F, et al. Radiation Proctitis and Management Strategies. Clin Endosc. 2022;55(1):22‑32. DOI:10.5946/ce.2020.288
52. Carausu M, Beddok A, Langer A, et al. Radiation myelitis after pembrolizumab administration, with favorable clinical evolution and safe rechallenge: a case report and review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):317. DOI:10.1186/s40425‑019‑0803‑x
53. Schultheiss TE, Stephens LC, Maor MH. Analysis of the histopathology of radiation myelopathy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988;14(1):27‑32. DOI:10.1016/0360‑3016(88)90046‑6
54. Okada S, Okeda R. Pathology of radiation myelopathy. Neuropathology. 2001;21(4):247‑65. DOI:10.1046/j.1440‑1789.2001.00408.x
55. Scott TF, Frohman EM, De Seze J, et al. Evidence-based guideline: clinical evaluation and treatment of transverse myelitis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2011;77(24):2128‑34. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823dc535
56. Coderre JA, Morris GM, Micca PL, et al. Late effects of radiation on the central nervous system: role of vascular endothelial damage and glial stem cell survival. Radiat Res. 2006;166(3):495‑503. DOI:10.1667/RR3597.1
57. Ricard D, Durand T, Tauziède-Espariat A, et al. Neurologic complications of radiation therapy. In: Schiff D, Arrillaga I, Wen PY. Cancer neurology in clinical practice: neurological complications of Cancer and its treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018; р. 241‑73.
58. Abuzneid YS, Al-Janazreh H, Haif F, et al. Radiation induced delayed transverse myelitis and neurological deficit at tertiary care center. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;69:102728. DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102728
59. Benson R, Madan R, Kilambi R, Chander S. Radiation induced liverdisease: A clinical update. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2016;28:7‑11. DOI:10.1016/j.jnci.2015.08.001
60. Li G, Wang J, Hu W, Zhang Z. Radiation-Induced Liver Injury In Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) For Postoperative or Locoregional Recurrent Gastric Cancer: Risk Factors And Dose Limitations. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0136288. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0136288.
61. Toesca DAS, Ibragimov B, Koong AJ, et al. Strategies for prediction and mitigation of radiation-induced liver toxicity. J Radiat Res. 2018;59(Suppl_1):i40‑9. DOI:10.1093/jrr/rrx104
62. Ingold DK, Reed GB, Kaplan HS, et al. Radiation hepatitis. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1965;93:200‑8.
63. Fajardo LF, Colby TV. Pathogenesis of veno-occlusive liver disease after radiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1980;104:584‑8.
64. Guha C, Kavanagh BD. Hepatic radiation toxicity: avoidance and amelioration. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2011;21(4):256‑63. DOI:10.1016/j.semradonc.2011.05.003
65. Porock D. Factors influencing the severity of radiation skin and oral mucosal reactions: development of a conceptual framework. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2002;11(1):33‑43. DOI:10.1046/j.1365‑2354.2002.00287.x
66. Chan RJ, Webster J, Chung B, et al. Prevention and treatment of acute radiation-induced skin reactions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:53. DOI:10.1186/1471‑2407‑14‑53
67. Chu CN, Hu KC, Wu RS, Bau DT. Radiation-irritated skin and hyperpigmentation may impact the quality of life of breast cancer patients after whole breast radiotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1):330. DOI:10.1186/s12885‑021‑08047‑5
68. Wei J, Meng L, Hou X, et al. Radiation-induced skin reactions: mechanism and treatment. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;11:167‑77. DOI:10.2147/CMAR.S188655
69. Farhan F, Kazemian A, Alagheband H. A double blind randomaized trial to evaluation of topical betamethasone for the prevention of acute dermatitis in breast cancer patients. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research. 2003;1(2):105‑11.
70. Mioc M, Milan A, Malita D, et al. Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part I). Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(14):7740. DOI:10.3390/ijms23147740
71. Ghiulai R, Roşca OJ, Antal DS, et al. Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5557. DOI:10.3390/molecules25235557
72. Boo YC. Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(8):1315. DOI:10.3390/antiox10081315
73. Nogués MR, Giralt M, Cervelló I, et al. Parameters related to oxygen free radicals in human skin: a study comparing healthy epidermis and skin cancer tissue. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119(3):645‑52. DOI:10.1046/j.1523‑1747.2002.00077.x
74. Ahmad I, Sardana K, Chufal KS, Bhatt CP. Radiation induced alopecia: an under-appreciated side effect of whole brain radiotherapy and strategies to ameliorate it. J Nucl Med Radiat Ther. 2018; S9:002. DOI:10.4172/2155‑9619.S9‑002
75. Kirkpatrick JP, Milano MT, Constine LS, et al. Perez & Brady’s principles and practice of radiation oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
76. Severs GA, Griffin T, Werner-Wasik M. Cicatricial alopecia secondary to radiation therapy: case report and review of the literature. Cutis. 2008;81(2):147‑53.
77. Suchonwanit P, McMichael AJ. Alopecia in association with malignancy: a review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(6):853‑65. DOI:10.1007/s40257‑018‑0378‑1
78. Wen CS, Lin SM, Chen Y, et al. Radiation-induced temporary alopecia after embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;105(3):215‑7. DOI:10.1016/s0303‑8467(03)00007‑6
79. Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (AECC). Observatorio contra el cancer. 2021. Available at: https://observatorio.contraelcancer.es. Accessed: 29.10.2023.
80. Trujillo-Martín MM, De Armas-Castellano A, Gonzalez-Hernandez Ya, et al. Scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2023;97:e202303024 (in Spanish).
Авторы
Д. А. Балаева*1,2, Д. С. Романов1–3, О. П. Трофимова4,5, З. З. Гаджибабаева1, Ю. Ю. Горчак1, Г. А. Гаряев2
1ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2ЧУЗ «Центральная клиническая больница “РЖД-Медицина” ОАО “РЖД”», Москва, Россия;
3ООО «Центр инновационных медицинских технологий», Москва, Россия;
4ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
5ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*daianakhlanta@gmail.com
1Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia;
2Central Clinical Hospital “Russian Railways-Medicine”, Moscow, Russia;
3Center for Innovative Medical Technologies, Moscow, Russia;
4Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
5Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
*daianakhlanta@gmail.com
1ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2ЧУЗ «Центральная клиническая больница “РЖД-Медицина” ОАО “РЖД”», Москва, Россия;
3ООО «Центр инновационных медицинских технологий», Москва, Россия;
4ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
5ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*daianakhlanta@gmail.com
________________________________________________
1Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia;
2Central Clinical Hospital “Russian Railways-Medicine”, Moscow, Russia;
3Center for Innovative Medical Technologies, Moscow, Russia;
4Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
5Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
*daianakhlanta@gmail.com
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