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Внутрипеченочный холангиоцеллюлярный рак (обзор)
Внутрипеченочный холангиоцеллюлярный рак (обзор)
Жариков Ю.О., Шевченко Т.В., Чжао А.В. Внутрипеченочный холангиоцеллюлярный рак (обзор). Современная онкология. 2015; 17 (2): 18–25.
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Аннотация
Холангиоцеллюлярный рак (ХЦР) является относительно редким заболеванием, составляющим около 3% от всех злокачественных образований желудочно-кишечного тракта. Внутрипеченочный тип ХЦР (ВПХЦР) составляет от 5 до 10% всех ХЦР и в 90% случаев представляет собой аденокарциному. В процессах холангиокарциногенеза важную роль играет хроническое воспаление, которое активирует различные внутриклеточные патологические сигнальные пути, приводящие к нарушению клеточной пролиферации холангиоцитов. Несмотря на улучшение лабораторных и инструментальных методов диагностики ввиду поздних клинических проявлений болезни более 1/2 больных поступают на поздних стадиях, в то время как хирургическое лечение на ранней стадии заболевания является решающим в улучшении прогноза у этих больных. Несомненно, углубление знаний об изменениях на молекулярно-генетическом уровне у больных ВПХЦР позволит совершенствовать методы обследования таких пациентов, что может способствовать улучшению результатов лечения у больных ВПХЦР.
Ключевые слова: внутрипеченочный холангиоцеллюлярный рак, эпидемиология, генетика, лечение, прогноз.
Key words: cholangiocellular carcinoma, epidemiology, genetics, treatment, prognosis.
Ключевые слова: внутрипеченочный холангиоцеллюлярный рак, эпидемиология, генетика, лечение, прогноз.
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Key words: cholangiocellular carcinoma, epidemiology, genetics, treatment, prognosis.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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10. DeOliveira ML. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: current best practice. Curr Opin Org Transplant 2014; 19 (3): 245–52. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000087.
11. Farges O, Fuks D, Le Treut YP et al. AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: By the AFC-IHCC-2009 study group. Cancer 2011; 117 (10): 2170–7. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25712.
12. Guglielmi A, Ruzzenente A, Campagnaro T et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic factors after surgical resection. World J Surg 2009; 33 (6): 1247–54. doi: 10.1007/s00268-009-9970-0.
13. Kiefer MV, Albert M, McNally M et al. Chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol: a 2-center study. Cancer 2011; 117 (7): 1498–505. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25625.
14. Kloeckner R, Ruckes C, Kronfeld K et al. Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15 (1): 311. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-311.
15. Komuta M, Spee B, Borght SV et al. Clinicopathological Study on Cholangiolocellular Carcinoma Suggesting Hepatic Progenitor Cell Origin. Hepatology 2008; 47 (5): 1544–56. doi: 10.1002/hep.22238.
16. Lai GH, Radaeva S, Nakamura T et al. Unique epithelial cell production of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor by putative precancerous intestinal metaplasias and associated «intestinaltype» biliary cancer chemically induced in rat liver. Hepatology 2000; 31 (6): 1257–65.
17. Makuuchi M, Torzilli G, Minagawa M et al. Accurate preoperative evaluation of liver mass lesions without fine-needle biopsy. Hepatology 1999; 30 (4): 889–93.
18. Mavros MN, Economopoulos KP, Alexiou VG, Pawlik TM. Treatment and Prognosis for Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Surg 2014; 149 (6): 565–74. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.5137.
19. Miyamoto M, Ojima H, Iwasaki M et al. Prognostic significance of overexpression of c-Met oncoprotein in cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 (1): 131–8. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.199.
20. Nakanuma Y, Tsutsui A, Ren XS. What Are the Precursor and Early Lesions of Peripheral Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma? Int J Hepatol 2014; 2014: 805973. doi: 10.1155/2014/805973.
21. Padden J, Megger DA, Bracht T et al. Identification of Novel Biomarker Candidates for the Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Cholangiocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13 (10): 2661–72. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M113.034942.
22. Patel T. New insights into the molecular pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49 (2): 165–72. doi: 10.1007/s00535-013-0894-y.
23. Rizvi S, Gores GJ. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2013; 145 (6): 1215–29. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.013.
24. Sato Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Clinicopathological significance of S100 protein expression in cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 (8): 1422–9. doi: 10.1111/ jgh.12247.
25. Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2004; 24: 115–25.
26. Sia D, Hoshida Y, Villanueva A et al. Integrative molecular analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals 2 classes that have different outcomes. Gastroenterology 2013; 144 (4): 829–40. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.001.
27. Sia D, Tovar V, Moeini A, Llovet JM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: pathogenesis and rationale for molecular therapies. Oncogene 2013; 32 (41): 4861–70. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.617.
28. Vilana R, Forner A, Bianchi L et al. Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis patients may display a vascular pattern similar to hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Hepatology 2010; 51 (6): 2020–9. doi: 10.1002/hep.23600.
29. Witjes CD, Karim-Kos HE, Visser O et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a low endemic area: rising incidence and improved survival. HPB (Oxford) 2012; 14 (11): 777–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00536.x.
30. Zechlinski JJ, Rilling WS. Transarterial therapies for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Intervent Radiol 2013; 30 (1): 21–7. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1333650.
31. Zhang L, Frank R, Furth EE et al. Expression and diagnostic values of calretinin and CK5/6 in cholangiocarcinoma. Experiment Hematol Oncol 2014; 3: 12. doi: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-12.
32. Zhang W, Yan L. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Current therapy. World J Gastrointestinal Pathophysiol 2014; 5 (3): 344–54. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.344.
2. Maistrenko N.A., Sheiko S.B., Alent'ev A.V., Azimov F.Kh. Kholangiotselliuliarnyi rak (osobennosti diagnostiki i lecheniia). Prakt. onkologiia. 2008; 9 (4): 229–36. [in Russian]
3. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer, 2002.
4. Anderson МА, Appalaneni V, Ben-Menachem T et al. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of patients with biliary neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77 (2): 167–74. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.09.029.
5. Ariizumi Sh, Kotera Yo, Katagiri S, Nakano M et al. Long-term Survival of Patients with Cholangiolocellular Carcinoma After Curative Hepatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 451–8. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3582-0.
6. Blechacz B, Komuta M, Roskams T, Gores GJ. Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 8 (9): 512–22. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2011.131.
7. Bloom CM, Langer B, Wilson SR. Role of US in the detection, characterization, and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Radiographics 1999; 19 (5): 1199–218.
8. Cardinale V, Bragazzi MC, Carpino G et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: increasing burden of classifications. Hepatobiliary Surgery Nutrition 2013; 2 (5): 272–80. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.10.02.
9. Comoglio PM, Giordano S, Trusolino L. Drug development of MET inhibitors: targeting oncogene addiction and expedience. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7 (6): 504–16. doi: 10.1038/nrd2530.
10. DeOliveira ML. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: current best practice. Curr Opin Org Transplant 2014; 19 (3): 245–52. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000087.
11. Farges O, Fuks D, Le Treut YP et al. AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: By the AFC-IHCC-2009 study group. Cancer 2011; 117 (10): 2170–7. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25712.
12. Guglielmi A, Ruzzenente A, Campagnaro T et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic factors after surgical resection. World J Surg 2009; 33 (6): 1247–54. doi: 10.1007/s00268-009-9970-0.
13. Kiefer MV, Albert M, McNally M et al. Chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol: a 2-center study. Cancer 2011; 117 (7): 1498–505. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25625.
14. Kloeckner R, Ruckes C, Kronfeld K et al. Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15 (1): 311. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-311.
15. Komuta M, Spee B, Borght SV et al. Clinicopathological Study on Cholangiolocellular Carcinoma Suggesting Hepatic Progenitor Cell Origin. Hepatology 2008; 47 (5): 1544–56. doi: 10.1002/hep.22238.
16. Lai GH, Radaeva S, Nakamura T et al. Unique epithelial cell production of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor by putative precancerous intestinal metaplasias and associated «intestinaltype» biliary cancer chemically induced in rat liver. Hepatology 2000; 31 (6): 1257–65.
17. Makuuchi M, Torzilli G, Minagawa M et al. Accurate preoperative evaluation of liver mass lesions without fine-needle biopsy. Hepatology 1999; 30 (4): 889–93.
18. Mavros MN, Economopoulos KP, Alexiou VG, Pawlik TM. Treatment and Prognosis for Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Surg 2014; 149 (6): 565–74. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.5137.
19. Miyamoto M, Ojima H, Iwasaki M et al. Prognostic significance of overexpression of c-Met oncoprotein in cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 (1): 131–8. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.199.
20. Nakanuma Y, Tsutsui A, Ren XS. What Are the Precursor and Early Lesions of Peripheral Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma? Int J Hepatol 2014; 2014: 805973. doi: 10.1155/2014/805973.
21. Padden J, Megger DA, Bracht T et al. Identification of Novel Biomarker Candidates for the Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Cholangiocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13 (10): 2661–72. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M113.034942.
22. Patel T. New insights into the molecular pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49 (2): 165–72. doi: 10.1007/s00535-013-0894-y.
23. Rizvi S, Gores GJ. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2013; 145 (6): 1215–29. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.013.
24. Sato Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Clinicopathological significance of S100 protein expression in cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 (8): 1422–9. doi: 10.1111/ jgh.12247.
25. Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2004; 24: 115–25.
26. Sia D, Hoshida Y, Villanueva A et al. Integrative molecular analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals 2 classes that have different outcomes. Gastroenterology 2013; 144 (4): 829–40. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.001.
27. Sia D, Tovar V, Moeini A, Llovet JM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: pathogenesis and rationale for molecular therapies. Oncogene 2013; 32 (41): 4861–70. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.617.
28. Vilana R, Forner A, Bianchi L et al. Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis patients may display a vascular pattern similar to hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Hepatology 2010; 51 (6): 2020–9. doi: 10.1002/hep.23600.
29. Witjes CD, Karim-Kos HE, Visser O et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a low endemic area: rising incidence and improved survival. HPB (Oxford) 2012; 14 (11): 777–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00536.x.
30. Zechlinski JJ, Rilling WS. Transarterial therapies for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Intervent Radiol 2013; 30 (1): 21–7. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1333650.
31. Zhang L, Frank R, Furth EE et al. Expression and diagnostic values of calretinin and CK5/6 in cholangiocarcinoma. Experiment Hematol Oncol 2014; 3: 12. doi: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-12.
32. Zhang W, Yan L. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Current therapy. World J Gastrointestinal Pathophysiol 2014; 5 (3): 344–54. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.344.
2. Майстренко Н.А., Шейко С.Б., Алентьев А.В., Азимов Ф.Х. Холангиоцеллюлярный рак (особенности диагностики и лечения). Практ. онкология. 2008; 9 (4): 229–36. / Maistrenko N.A., Sheiko S.B., Alent'ev A.V., Azimov F.Kh. Kholangiotselliuliarnyi rak (osobennosti diagnostiki i lecheniia). Prakt. onkologiia. 2008; 9 (4): 229–36. [in Russian]
3. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer, 2002.
4. Anderson МА, Appalaneni V, Ben-Menachem T et al. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of patients with biliary neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77 (2): 167–74. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.09.029.
5. Ariizumi Sh, Kotera Yo, Katagiri S, Nakano M et al. Long-term Survival of Patients with Cholangiolocellular Carcinoma After Curative Hepatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 451–8. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3582-0.
6. Blechacz B, Komuta M, Roskams T, Gores GJ. Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 8 (9): 512–22. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2011.131.
7. Bloom CM, Langer B, Wilson SR. Role of US in the detection, characterization, and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Radiographics 1999; 19 (5): 1199–218.
8. Cardinale V, Bragazzi MC, Carpino G et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: increasing burden of classifications. Hepatobiliary Surgery Nutrition 2013; 2 (5): 272–80. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.10.02.
9. Comoglio PM, Giordano S, Trusolino L. Drug development of MET inhibitors: targeting oncogene addiction and expedience. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7 (6): 504–16. doi: 10.1038/nrd2530.
10. DeOliveira ML. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: current best practice. Curr Opin Org Transplant 2014; 19 (3): 245–52. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000087.
11. Farges O, Fuks D, Le Treut YP et al. AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: By the AFC-IHCC-2009 study group. Cancer 2011; 117 (10): 2170–7. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25712.
12. Guglielmi A, Ruzzenente A, Campagnaro T et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic factors after surgical resection. World J Surg 2009; 33 (6): 1247–54. doi: 10.1007/s00268-009-9970-0.
13. Kiefer MV, Albert M, McNally M et al. Chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol: a 2-center study. Cancer 2011; 117 (7): 1498–505. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25625.
14. Kloeckner R, Ruckes C, Kronfeld K et al. Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15 (1): 311. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-311.
15. Komuta M, Spee B, Borght SV et al. Clinicopathological Study on Cholangiolocellular Carcinoma Suggesting Hepatic Progenitor Cell Origin. Hepatology 2008; 47 (5): 1544–56. doi: 10.1002/hep.22238.
16. Lai GH, Radaeva S, Nakamura T et al. Unique epithelial cell production of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor by putative precancerous intestinal metaplasias and associated «intestinaltype» biliary cancer chemically induced in rat liver. Hepatology 2000; 31 (6): 1257–65.
17. Makuuchi M, Torzilli G, Minagawa M et al. Accurate preoperative evaluation of liver mass lesions without fine-needle biopsy. Hepatology 1999; 30 (4): 889–93.
18. Mavros MN, Economopoulos KP, Alexiou VG, Pawlik TM. Treatment and Prognosis for Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Surg 2014; 149 (6): 565–74. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.5137.
19. Miyamoto M, Ojima H, Iwasaki M et al. Prognostic significance of overexpression of c-Met oncoprotein in cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 (1): 131–8. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.199.
20. Nakanuma Y, Tsutsui A, Ren XS. What Are the Precursor and Early Lesions of Peripheral Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma? Int J Hepatol 2014; 2014: 805973. doi: 10.1155/2014/805973.
21. Padden J, Megger DA, Bracht T et al. Identification of Novel Biomarker Candidates for the Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Cholangiocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13 (10): 2661–72. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M113.034942.
22. Patel T. New insights into the molecular pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49 (2): 165–72. doi: 10.1007/s00535-013-0894-y.
23. Rizvi S, Gores GJ. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2013; 145 (6): 1215–29. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.013.
24. Sato Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Clinicopathological significance of S100 protein expression in cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 (8): 1422–9. doi: 10.1111/ jgh.12247.
25. Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2004; 24: 115–25.
26. Sia D, Hoshida Y, Villanueva A et al. Integrative molecular analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals 2 classes that have different outcomes. Gastroenterology 2013; 144 (4): 829–40. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.001.
27. Sia D, Tovar V, Moeini A, Llovet JM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: pathogenesis and rationale for molecular therapies. Oncogene 2013; 32 (41): 4861–70. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.617.
28. Vilana R, Forner A, Bianchi L et al. Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis patients may display a vascular pattern similar to hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Hepatology 2010; 51 (6): 2020–9. doi: 10.1002/hep.23600.
29. Witjes CD, Karim-Kos HE, Visser O et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a low endemic area: rising incidence and improved survival. HPB (Oxford) 2012; 14 (11): 777–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00536.x.
30. Zechlinski JJ, Rilling WS. Transarterial therapies for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Intervent Radiol 2013; 30 (1): 21–7. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1333650.
31. Zhang L, Frank R, Furth EE et al. Expression and diagnostic values of calretinin and CK5/6 in cholangiocarcinoma. Experiment Hematol Oncol 2014; 3: 12. doi: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-12.
32. Zhang W, Yan L. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Current therapy. World J Gastrointestinal Pathophysiol 2014; 5 (3): 344–54. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.344.
________________________________________________
2. Maistrenko N.A., Sheiko S.B., Alent'ev A.V., Azimov F.Kh. Kholangiotselliuliarnyi rak (osobennosti diagnostiki i lecheniia). Prakt. onkologiia. 2008; 9 (4): 229–36. [in Russian]
3. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer, 2002.
4. Anderson МА, Appalaneni V, Ben-Menachem T et al. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of patients with biliary neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77 (2): 167–74. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.09.029.
5. Ariizumi Sh, Kotera Yo, Katagiri S, Nakano M et al. Long-term Survival of Patients with Cholangiolocellular Carcinoma After Curative Hepatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 451–8. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3582-0.
6. Blechacz B, Komuta M, Roskams T, Gores GJ. Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 8 (9): 512–22. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2011.131.
7. Bloom CM, Langer B, Wilson SR. Role of US in the detection, characterization, and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Radiographics 1999; 19 (5): 1199–218.
8. Cardinale V, Bragazzi MC, Carpino G et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: increasing burden of classifications. Hepatobiliary Surgery Nutrition 2013; 2 (5): 272–80. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.10.02.
9. Comoglio PM, Giordano S, Trusolino L. Drug development of MET inhibitors: targeting oncogene addiction and expedience. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7 (6): 504–16. doi: 10.1038/nrd2530.
10. DeOliveira ML. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: current best practice. Curr Opin Org Transplant 2014; 19 (3): 245–52. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000087.
11. Farges O, Fuks D, Le Treut YP et al. AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: By the AFC-IHCC-2009 study group. Cancer 2011; 117 (10): 2170–7. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25712.
12. Guglielmi A, Ruzzenente A, Campagnaro T et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic factors after surgical resection. World J Surg 2009; 33 (6): 1247–54. doi: 10.1007/s00268-009-9970-0.
13. Kiefer MV, Albert M, McNally M et al. Chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol: a 2-center study. Cancer 2011; 117 (7): 1498–505. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25625.
14. Kloeckner R, Ruckes C, Kronfeld K et al. Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15 (1): 311. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-311.
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Авторы
Ю.О.Жариков*, Т.В.Шевченко, А.В.Чжао
ФГБУ Институт хирургии им. А.В.Вишневского Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27
*deadmaster_89@mail.ru
A.V.Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Bol'shaia Serpukhovskaia, d. 27
*deadmaster_89@mail.ru
ФГБУ Институт хирургии им. А.В.Вишневского Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27
*deadmaster_89@mail.ru
________________________________________________
A.V.Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Bol'shaia Serpukhovskaia, d. 27
*deadmaster_89@mail.ru
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