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Выбор антиангиогенного препарата во 2-й линии терапии больных метастатическим раком толстой кишки: бевацизумаб, афлиберцепт, рамуцирумаб (обзор литературы)
Выбор антиангиогенного препарата во 2-й линии терапии больных метастатическим раком толстой кишки: бевацизумаб, афлиберцепт, рамуцирумаб (обзор литературы)
Федянин М.Ю. Выбор антиангиогенного препарата во 2-й линии терапии больных метастатическим раком толстой кишки: бевацизумаб, афлиберцепт, рамуцирумаб. Современная онкология. 2015; 17 (3): 81–87.
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Аннотация
За последнее десятилетие возможности лекарственной терапии больных метастатическим раком толстой кишки (мРТК) расширились за счет появления таргетных препаратов, большинство из которых обладают антиангиогенным действием (бевацизумаб, афлиберцепт, рамуцирумаб, регорафениб). Одним из вариантов стандартной терапии больных в 1-й линии является комбинация химиопрепаратов и бевацизумаба, особенно у лиц с мутацией в генах EGFR-сигнального пути. Однако у большинства пациентов рано или поздно разовьется прогрессирование, и нельзя однозначно сказать, что следует назначать больному во 2-й линии лечения. Именно сложности выбора последовательности терапии у лиц с мРТК в случае назначения антиангиогенных препаратов в 1-й линии терапии и посвящен настоящий обзор.
Ключевые слова: рак толстой кишки, таргетные препараты, химиотерапия.
Key words: colon cancer, targeted drugs, chemotherapy.
Ключевые слова: рак толстой кишки, таргетные препараты, химиотерапия.
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Key words: colon cancer, targeted drugs, chemotherapy.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Tournigand С, André T, Achille E et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. JCO 2004; 22: 229–37.
2. Schmoll HJ, Van Cutsem E, Stein A et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol 2012; 23 (10): 2479–516.
3. Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J et al. VEGF-receptor signalling – in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7: 359–71.
4. Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nat Med 2011; 17: 1359–70.
5. Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003; 9: 669–76.
6. Presta LG, Chen H, O’Connor SJ et al. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 4593–9.
7. Dikov MM, Ohm JE, Ray N et al. Differential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in dendritic cell differentiation. J Immunol 2005; 174: 215–22.
8. Papadopoulos N, Martin J, Ruan Q et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Angiogenesis 2012; 15: 171–85.
9. Chiron M, Bagley RG, Pollard J et al. Differential antitumor activity of aflibercept and bevacizumab in patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014.
10. Lu D, Shen J, Vil MD et al. Tailoring in vitro selection for a picomolar affinity human antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 for enhanced neutralizing activity. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 43496–507.
11. Miao HQ, Hu K, Jimenez X et al. Potent neutralization of VEGF biological activities with a fully human antibody Fab fragment directed against VEGF receptor 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345: 438–45.
12. Wilhelm SM, Dumas J, Adnane L et al. Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506): a new oral multikinase inhibitor of angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases with potent preclinical antitumor activity. Int J Cancer 2011; 129: 245–55.
13. Grothey A, Sugrue MM, Purdie DM et al. Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study (BRiTE). J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (33): 5326–34.
14. Bendell JC, Bekaii-Saab TS, Cohn AL et al. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer initially treated with FOLFOX-bevacizumab or FOLFIRI-bevacizumab: results from ARIES, a bevacizumab observational cohort study. Oncologist 2012; 17 (12): 1486–95.
15. Bennouna J, Sastre J, Arnold D et al. Continuation of bevacizumab after first progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (ML18147): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14 (1): 29–37.
16. Masi G, Loupakis F, Salvatore L et al. Second-line chemotherapy (CT) with or without bevacizumab (BV) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) who progressed to a first-line treatment containing BV: Updated results of the phase III "BEBYP" trial by the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest (GONO). J Clin Oncol 31:15, 2013 (Suppl.; Abstr. 3615).
17. Kopetz S, Hoff PM, Morris JS et al. Phase II trial of infusional fluorouracil, irinotecan, and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer: efficacy and circulating angiogenic biomarkers associated with therapeutic resistance. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28 (3): 453–9.
18. Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Fioravanti A et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic angiogenesis-related markers of first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab schedule in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104 (8): 1262–9.
19. Masi G, Loupakis F, Salvatore L et al. Bevacizumab with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinate) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 845–52.
20. Pericay C, Folprecht G, Saunders M et al. Phase 2 randomized, noncomparative open-label study of aflibercept and modified FOLFOX6 in the first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (AFFIRM). Ann Oncol 2012; 23 (Suppl. 4): iv16, Abstract. 0024.
21. Van Cutsem E, Tabernero J, Lakomy R et al. Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 3499–506.
22. Tabernero J, van Cutsem E, Lakomy R et al. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50: 320–31.
23. Tabernero J, Cohn AL, Obermannova R et al. RAISE: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase III study of irinotecan, folinic acid, and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) plus ramucirumab (RAM) or placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progressive during or following first-line combination therapy with bevacizumab (bev), oxaliplatin (ox), and a fluoropyrimidine (fp). J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (Suppl. 3; Abstr. 512).
24. Tabernero J, Yoshino T, Cohn AL et al. Ramucirumab versus placebo in combination with secondline FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma that progressed during or after first-line therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine (RAISE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. Published Online April 13, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70127-0
25. Grothey A, Van Cutsem E, Sobrero A et al. Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (correct): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2013; 381: 303–12.
26. Argileґs G, Saunders MP, Rivera F et al. Regorafenib plus modified FOLFOX6 as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 942–9.
27. The Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 1193–203.
28. Ruff P, Ferry DR, Lakom R et al. Time course of safety and efficacy of aflibercept in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed on previous oxaliplatin-based therapy. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 18–26.
29. Zhang J, Cai Y, Hu H et al. Bevacizumab, Aflibercept or Ramucirmab combined with chemotherapy as second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer following progression with Bevacizumab in first-line therapy: A systematic review and indirect comparison. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (Suppl.; Abstr. e14601).
30. Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R et al. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50: 320–31.
31. Chau I, Joulain F, Iqbal SU, Bridgewater J. A VELOUR post hoc subset analysis: prognostic groups and treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with aflibercept and FOLFIRI. BMC Cancer 2014; 14: 605. Doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-605.
32. Kubicka S, Greil R, André T et al. Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy continued beyond first progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy: ML18147 study KRAS subgroup findings. Ann Oncol 2013; p. 1–8. Doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt231.
33. Ruff P, Ferry DR, Papamichael D et al. Observed Benefit of Aflibercept in mCRC Patients ≥65 Years: Results of a Prespecified Age-Based Analysis of the VELOUR Study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (4): iv11–iv24.
34. Heinemann V, Weikersthal Von LF, Decker T et al. FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 1065–75.
35. Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A et al. Final results from a randomized phase 3 study of FOLFIRI {+/-} panitumumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2014; 25 (1): 107–16.
2. Schmoll HJ, Van Cutsem E, Stein A et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol 2012; 23 (10): 2479–516.
3. Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J et al. VEGF-receptor signalling – in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7: 359–71.
4. Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nat Med 2011; 17: 1359–70.
5. Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003; 9: 669–76.
6. Presta LG, Chen H, O’Connor SJ et al. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 4593–9.
7. Dikov MM, Ohm JE, Ray N et al. Differential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in dendritic cell differentiation. J Immunol 2005; 174: 215–22.
8. Papadopoulos N, Martin J, Ruan Q et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Angiogenesis 2012; 15: 171–85.
9. Chiron M, Bagley RG, Pollard J et al. Differential antitumor activity of aflibercept and bevacizumab in patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014.
10. Lu D, Shen J, Vil MD et al. Tailoring in vitro selection for a picomolar affinity human antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 for enhanced neutralizing activity. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 43496–507.
11. Miao HQ, Hu K, Jimenez X et al. Potent neutralization of VEGF biological activities with a fully human antibody Fab fragment directed against VEGF receptor 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345: 438–45.
12. Wilhelm SM, Dumas J, Adnane L et al. Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506): a new oral multikinase inhibitor of angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases with potent preclinical antitumor activity. Int J Cancer 2011; 129: 245–55.
13. Grothey A, Sugrue MM, Purdie DM et al. Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study (BRiTE). J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (33): 5326–34.
14. Bendell JC, Bekaii-Saab TS, Cohn AL et al. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer initially treated with FOLFOX-bevacizumab or FOLFIRI-bevacizumab: results from ARIES, a bevacizumab observational cohort study. Oncologist 2012; 17 (12): 1486–95.
15. Bennouna J, Sastre J, Arnold D et al. Continuation of bevacizumab after first progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (ML18147): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14 (1): 29–37.
16. Masi G, Loupakis F, Salvatore L et al. Second-line chemotherapy (CT) with or without bevacizumab (BV) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) who progressed to a first-line treatment containing BV: Updated results of the phase III "BEBYP" trial by the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest (GONO). J Clin Oncol 31:15, 2013 (Suppl.; Abstr. 3615).
17. Kopetz S, Hoff PM, Morris JS et al. Phase II trial of infusional fluorouracil, irinotecan, and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer: efficacy and circulating angiogenic biomarkers associated with therapeutic resistance. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28 (3): 453–9.
18. Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Fioravanti A et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic angiogenesis-related markers of first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab schedule in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104 (8): 1262–9.
19. Masi G, Loupakis F, Salvatore L et al. Bevacizumab with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinate) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 845–52.
20. Pericay C, Folprecht G, Saunders M et al. Phase 2 randomized, noncomparative open-label study of aflibercept and modified FOLFOX6 in the first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (AFFIRM). Ann Oncol 2012; 23 (Suppl. 4): iv16, Abstract. 0024.
21. Van Cutsem E, Tabernero J, Lakomy R et al. Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 3499–506.
22. Tabernero J, van Cutsem E, Lakomy R et al. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50: 320–31.
23. Tabernero J, Cohn AL, Obermannova R et al. RAISE: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase III study of irinotecan, folinic acid, and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) plus ramucirumab (RAM) or placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progressive during or following first-line combination therapy with bevacizumab (bev), oxaliplatin (ox), and a fluoropyrimidine (fp). J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (Suppl. 3; Abstr. 512).
24. Tabernero J, Yoshino T, Cohn AL et al. Ramucirumab versus placebo in combination with secondline FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma that progressed during or after first-line therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine (RAISE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. Published Online April 13, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70127-0
25. Grothey A, Van Cutsem E, Sobrero A et al. Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (correct): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2013; 381: 303–12.
26. Argileґs G, Saunders MP, Rivera F et al. Regorafenib plus modified FOLFOX6 as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 942–9.
27. The Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 1193–203.
28. Ruff P, Ferry DR, Lakom R et al. Time course of safety and efficacy of aflibercept in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed on previous oxaliplatin-based therapy. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 18–26.
29. Zhang J, Cai Y, Hu H et al. Bevacizumab, Aflibercept or Ramucirmab combined with chemotherapy as second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer following progression with Bevacizumab in first-line therapy: A systematic review and indirect comparison. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (Suppl.; Abstr. e14601).
30. Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R et al. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50: 320–31.
31. Chau I, Joulain F, Iqbal SU, Bridgewater J. A VELOUR post hoc subset analysis: prognostic groups and treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with aflibercept and FOLFIRI. BMC Cancer 2014; 14: 605. Doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-605.
32. Kubicka S, Greil R, André T et al. Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy continued beyond first progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy: ML18147 study KRAS subgroup findings. Ann Oncol 2013; p. 1–8. Doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt231.
33. Ruff P, Ferry DR, Papamichael D et al. Observed Benefit of Aflibercept in mCRC Patients ≥65 Years: Results of a Prespecified Age-Based Analysis of the VELOUR Study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (4): iv11–iv24.
34. Heinemann V, Weikersthal Von LF, Decker T et al. FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 1065–75.
35. Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A et al. Final results from a randomized phase 3 study of FOLFIRI {+/-} panitumumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2014; 25 (1): 107–16.
2. Schmoll HJ, Van Cutsem E, Stein A et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol 2012; 23 (10): 2479–516.
3. Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J et al. VEGF-receptor signalling – in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7: 359–71.
4. Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nat Med 2011; 17: 1359–70.
5. Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003; 9: 669–76.
6. Presta LG, Chen H, O’Connor SJ et al. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 4593–9.
7. Dikov MM, Ohm JE, Ray N et al. Differential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in dendritic cell differentiation. J Immunol 2005; 174: 215–22.
8. Papadopoulos N, Martin J, Ruan Q et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Angiogenesis 2012; 15: 171–85.
9. Chiron M, Bagley RG, Pollard J et al. Differential antitumor activity of aflibercept and bevacizumab in patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014.
10. Lu D, Shen J, Vil MD et al. Tailoring in vitro selection for a picomolar affinity human antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 for enhanced neutralizing activity. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 43496–507.
11. Miao HQ, Hu K, Jimenez X et al. Potent neutralization of VEGF biological activities with a fully human antibody Fab fragment directed against VEGF receptor 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345: 438–45.
12. Wilhelm SM, Dumas J, Adnane L et al. Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506): a new oral multikinase inhibitor of angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases with potent preclinical antitumor activity. Int J Cancer 2011; 129: 245–55.
13. Grothey A, Sugrue MM, Purdie DM et al. Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study (BRiTE). J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (33): 5326–34.
14. Bendell JC, Bekaii-Saab TS, Cohn AL et al. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer initially treated with FOLFOX-bevacizumab or FOLFIRI-bevacizumab: results from ARIES, a bevacizumab observational cohort study. Oncologist 2012; 17 (12): 1486–95.
15. Bennouna J, Sastre J, Arnold D et al. Continuation of bevacizumab after first progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (ML18147): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14 (1): 29–37.
16. Masi G, Loupakis F, Salvatore L et al. Second-line chemotherapy (CT) with or without bevacizumab (BV) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) who progressed to a first-line treatment containing BV: Updated results of the phase III "BEBYP" trial by the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest (GONO). J Clin Oncol 31:15, 2013 (Suppl.; Abstr. 3615).
17. Kopetz S, Hoff PM, Morris JS et al. Phase II trial of infusional fluorouracil, irinotecan, and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer: efficacy and circulating angiogenic biomarkers associated with therapeutic resistance. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28 (3): 453–9.
18. Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Fioravanti A et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic angiogenesis-related markers of first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab schedule in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104 (8): 1262–9.
19. Masi G, Loupakis F, Salvatore L et al. Bevacizumab with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinate) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 845–52.
20. Pericay C, Folprecht G, Saunders M et al. Phase 2 randomized, noncomparative open-label study of aflibercept and modified FOLFOX6 in the first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (AFFIRM). Ann Oncol 2012; 23 (Suppl. 4): iv16, Abstract. 0024.
21. Van Cutsem E, Tabernero J, Lakomy R et al. Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 3499–506.
22. Tabernero J, van Cutsem E, Lakomy R et al. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50: 320–31.
23. Tabernero J, Cohn AL, Obermannova R et al. RAISE: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase III study of irinotecan, folinic acid, and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) plus ramucirumab (RAM) or placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progressive during or following first-line combination therapy with bevacizumab (bev), oxaliplatin (ox), and a fluoropyrimidine (fp). J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (Suppl. 3; Abstr. 512).
24. Tabernero J, Yoshino T, Cohn AL et al. Ramucirumab versus placebo in combination with secondline FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma that progressed during or after first-line therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine (RAISE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. Published Online April 13, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70127-0
25. Grothey A, Van Cutsem E, Sobrero A et al. Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (correct): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2013; 381: 303–12.
26. Argileґs G, Saunders MP, Rivera F et al. Regorafenib plus modified FOLFOX6 as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 942–9.
27. The Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 1193–203.
28. Ruff P, Ferry DR, Lakom R et al. Time course of safety and efficacy of aflibercept in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed on previous oxaliplatin-based therapy. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 18–26.
29. Zhang J, Cai Y, Hu H et al. Bevacizumab, Aflibercept or Ramucirmab combined with chemotherapy as second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer following progression with Bevacizumab in first-line therapy: A systematic review and indirect comparison. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (Suppl.; Abstr. e14601).
30. Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R et al. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50: 320–31.
31. Chau I, Joulain F, Iqbal SU, Bridgewater J. A VELOUR post hoc subset analysis: prognostic groups and treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with aflibercept and FOLFIRI. BMC Cancer 2014; 14: 605. Doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-605.
32. Kubicka S, Greil R, André T et al. Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy continued beyond first progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy: ML18147 study KRAS subgroup findings. Ann Oncol 2013; p. 1–8. Doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt231.
33. Ruff P, Ferry DR, Papamichael D et al. Observed Benefit of Aflibercept in mCRC Patients ≥65 Years: Results of a Prespecified Age-Based Analysis of the VELOUR Study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (4): iv11–iv24.
34. Heinemann V, Weikersthal Von LF, Decker T et al. FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 1065–75.
35. Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A et al. Final results from a randomized phase 3 study of FOLFIRI {+/-} panitumumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2014; 25 (1): 107–16.
________________________________________________
2. Schmoll HJ, Van Cutsem E, Stein A et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol 2012; 23 (10): 2479–516.
3. Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J et al. VEGF-receptor signalling – in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7: 359–71.
4. Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nat Med 2011; 17: 1359–70.
5. Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003; 9: 669–76.
6. Presta LG, Chen H, O’Connor SJ et al. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 4593–9.
7. Dikov MM, Ohm JE, Ray N et al. Differential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in dendritic cell differentiation. J Immunol 2005; 174: 215–22.
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Авторы
М.Ю.Федянин*
ФГБУ Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н.Блохина Минздрава России.
115478, Россия, Москва, Каширское ш., д. 23
*Fedianinmu@mail.ru
N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. 115478, Russian Federation, Moscow, Kashirskoe sh., d. 23
*Fedianinmu@mail.ru
ФГБУ Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н.Блохина Минздрава России.
115478, Россия, Москва, Каширское ш., д. 23
*Fedianinmu@mail.ru
________________________________________________
N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. 115478, Russian Federation, Moscow, Kashirskoe sh., d. 23
*Fedianinmu@mail.ru
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