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Кашляющий больной - Справочник поликлинического врача №2 (2017)
Кашляющий больной
Чикина С.Ю. Кашляющий больной. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2017; 2: 19–25.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
В данном обзоре литературы собрана имеющаяся сегодня информация об этиологии, патогенезе, диагностике и лечении острого, подострого и хронического кашля. Особое внимание уделено новой теории патогенеза хронического кашля, получившей название синдрома кашлевой гиперчувствительности. В последние годы открыты специфические кашлевые рецепторы и доказана ключевая роль изменения их чувствительности в развитии хронического кашля. На основе полученных данных сформулирована патогенетическая концепция хронического кашля как самостоятельного заболевания. Показаны гендерные и возрастные различия в распространенности хронического кашля и чувствительности кашлевых рецепторов. Проанализированы доступные лекарственные препараты для лечения кашля.
Ключевые слова: кашель, синдром кашлевой гиперчувствительности, рецепторы TRP, гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс, гендерные различия, пожилые.
Key words: cough, cough hypersensitivity syndrome, TRP receptors, gastroesophageal reflux, gender differences, elderly.
Ключевые слова: кашель, синдром кашлевой гиперчувствительности, рецепторы TRP, гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс, гендерные различия, пожилые.
________________________________________________
Key words: cough, cough hypersensitivity syndrome, TRP receptors, gastroesophageal reflux, gender differences, elderly.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Morice AH. Chronic cough: diagnosis, treatment and psychological consequences. Breathe 2006; 3 (2): 165–74.
2. Braman SS. Postinfectious cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 138S–146S.
3. Dispinigaitis PV, Colice GL, Goolsby MJ et al. Acute cough: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Cough 2009; 5: 11–8.
4. Gorse GJ, O'Connor TZ, Young SL et al. Impact of a winter respiratory virus season on patients with COPD and association with influenza vaccination. Chest 2006; 130: 1109–16.
5. Proud D, Chow Ch-W. Role of viral infections in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir. Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35: 513–8.
6. Morjaria LB, Dickinson RS, Morice AH. Novel antitussive strategies. Drug Discovery Today 2013; 18: 380–8.
7. Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 1138–80.
8. Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 11. CD001831.
9. Palombini BC, Villanova CA, Araújo E et al. A pathogenic triad in chronic cough: asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest 1999; 116 (2): 279–84.
10. Faruqi S, Murdoch RD, Allum F, Morice AH. On the definition of chronic cough and current treatment pathways: an international qualitative study. Cough 2014; 10 (5). DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-10-5
11. Plevkova J, Song WJ. Chronic cough in subjects with upper airway diseases: analysis of mechanisms and clinical applications. Asia Pac Allergy 2013; 3: 127–35.
12. Morice AH. Chronic cough hypersensitivity syndrome. Cough 2013; 9: 14–7.
13. Morice AH. The cough hypersensitivity syndrome: a novel paradigm for understanding cough. Lung 2010; 188: 587–90.
14. Morice AH, Millqvist E, Belvisi MG et al. Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine. Eur Respir J 2014; 44 (5): 1132–48.
15. Song WJ, Chang YS, Morice AH. Changing the paradigm for cough: does'cough hypersensitivity'aid our understanding? Asia Pac Allergy 2014; 4 (1): 3–13.
16. Morice AH. Cough and sputum. In: Palange P, Simonds AK. (eds.) Respiratory Medicine. ERS Handbook. The 2nd edition. European Respiratory Society, 2013.
17. Groneberg DA, Niimi A, Dinh QT et al. Increased expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in airway nerves of chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 1276–80.
18. Smit LA, Kogevinas M, Anto JM et al. Transient receptor potential genes, smoking, occupational exposures and cough in adults. Respir Res 2012; 13: 26.
19. Patberg KW. The female preponderance to cough hypersensitivity syndrome: another clue pointing to the role of TRPV1 in cough. Lung 2011; 189: 257–8.
20. Song WJ, Kim JY, Jo EJ et al. Capsaicin cough sensitivity is related to the older female predominant feature in chronic cough patients. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6 (5): 401–8.
21. Derbyshire SW, Nichols TE, Firestone L et al. Gender differences in patterns of cerebral activation during equal experience of painful laser stimulation. J Pain 2002; 3: 401–11.
22. Paulson PE, Minoshima S, Morrow TJ, Casey KL. Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans. Pain 1998; 76: 223–9.
23. Moulton EA, Keaser ML, Gullapalli RP et al. Sex differences in the cerebral BOLD signal response to painful heat stimuli. Am J Physiol. Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R257–67.
24. Chung KF, McGarvey L, Mazzone SB. Chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 414–22.
25. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Sovijarvi AR et al. ERS Task Force. The diagnosis and management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 481–92.
26. Song WJ, Morice AH, Kim MH et al. Cough in the elderly population: relationships with multiple comorbidity. PLoS One 2013; 8 (10): e78081.
27. Lalloo UG, Fox AJ, Belvisi MG et al. Capsazepine inhibits cough induced by capsaicin and citric acid but not by hypertonic saline in guinea pigs. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79 (4): 1082–7.
28. Bolser DC. Cough suppressant and pharmacologic protussive therapy: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 238S–249S.
29. Chang CC, Cheng AC, Chang AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2: D006088. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub3
30. Belvisi MG, Geppetti P Cough. 7: Current and future drugs for the treatment of chronic cough. Thorax 2004; 59 (5): 438–40.
31. Spagnolo P, Fabbri LM, Bush A. Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42 (1): 239–51.
32. Berkhof FF, Doornewaard-ten Hertog NE, Uil SM et al. Azithromycin and cough-specific health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cough: a randomised controlled trial. Respir Res 2013; 14: 125.
33. Chong J, Leung B, Poole P. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 11: CD002309. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002309.pub4
2. Braman SS. Postinfectious cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 138S–146S.
3. Dispinigaitis PV, Colice GL, Goolsby MJ et al. Acute cough: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Cough 2009; 5: 11–8.
4. Gorse GJ, O'Connor TZ, Young SL et al. Impact of a winter respiratory virus season on patients with COPD and association with influenza vaccination. Chest 2006; 130: 1109–16.
5. Proud D, Chow Ch-W. Role of viral infections in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir. Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35: 513–8.
6. Morjaria LB, Dickinson RS, Morice AH. Novel antitussive strategies. Drug Discovery Today 2013; 18: 380–8.
7. Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 1138–80.
8. Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 11. CD001831.
9. Palombini BC, Villanova CA, Araújo E et al. A pathogenic triad in chronic cough: asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest 1999; 116 (2): 279–84.
10. Faruqi S, Murdoch RD, Allum F, Morice AH. On the definition of chronic cough and current treatment pathways: an international qualitative study. Cough 2014; 10 (5). DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-10-5
11. Plevkova J, Song WJ. Chronic cough in subjects with upper airway diseases: analysis of mechanisms and clinical applications. Asia Pac Allergy 2013; 3: 127–35.
12. Morice AH. Chronic cough hypersensitivity syndrome. Cough 2013; 9: 14–7.
13. Morice AH. The cough hypersensitivity syndrome: a novel paradigm for understanding cough. Lung 2010; 188: 587–90.
14. Morice AH, Millqvist E, Belvisi MG et al. Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine. Eur Respir J 2014; 44 (5): 1132–48.
15. Song WJ, Chang YS, Morice AH. Changing the paradigm for cough: does'cough hypersensitivity'aid our understanding? Asia Pac Allergy 2014; 4 (1): 3–13.
16. Morice AH. Cough and sputum. In: Palange P, Simonds AK. (eds.) Respiratory Medicine. ERS Handbook. The 2nd edition. European Respiratory Society, 2013.
17. Groneberg DA, Niimi A, Dinh QT et al. Increased expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in airway nerves of chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 1276–80.
18. Smit LA, Kogevinas M, Anto JM et al. Transient receptor potential genes, smoking, occupational exposures and cough in adults. Respir Res 2012; 13: 26.
19. Patberg KW. The female preponderance to cough hypersensitivity syndrome: another clue pointing to the role of TRPV1 in cough. Lung 2011; 189: 257–8.
20. Song WJ, Kim JY, Jo EJ et al. Capsaicin cough sensitivity is related to the older female predominant feature in chronic cough patients. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6 (5): 401–8.
21. Derbyshire SW, Nichols TE, Firestone L et al. Gender differences in patterns of cerebral activation during equal experience of painful laser stimulation. J Pain 2002; 3: 401–11.
22. Paulson PE, Minoshima S, Morrow TJ, Casey KL. Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans. Pain 1998; 76: 223–9.
23. Moulton EA, Keaser ML, Gullapalli RP et al. Sex differences in the cerebral BOLD signal response to painful heat stimuli. Am J Physiol. Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R257–67.
24. Chung KF, McGarvey L, Mazzone SB. Chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 414–22.
25. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Sovijarvi AR et al. ERS Task Force. The diagnosis and management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 481–92.
26. Song WJ, Morice AH, Kim MH et al. Cough in the elderly population: relationships with multiple comorbidity. PLoS One 2013; 8 (10): e78081.
27. Lalloo UG, Fox AJ, Belvisi MG et al. Capsazepine inhibits cough induced by capsaicin and citric acid but not by hypertonic saline in guinea pigs. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79 (4): 1082–7.
28. Bolser DC. Cough suppressant and pharmacologic protussive therapy: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 238S–249S.
29. Chang CC, Cheng AC, Chang AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2: D006088. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub3
30. Belvisi MG, Geppetti P Cough. 7: Current and future drugs for the treatment of chronic cough. Thorax 2004; 59 (5): 438–40.
31. Spagnolo P, Fabbri LM, Bush A. Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42 (1): 239–51.
32. Berkhof FF, Doornewaard-ten Hertog NE, Uil SM et al. Azithromycin and cough-specific health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cough: a randomised controlled trial. Respir Res 2013; 14: 125.
33. Chong J, Leung B, Poole P. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 11: CD002309. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002309.pub4
2. Braman SS. Postinfectious cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 138S–146S.
3. Dispinigaitis PV, Colice GL, Goolsby MJ et al. Acute cough: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Cough 2009; 5: 11–8.
4. Gorse GJ, O'Connor TZ, Young SL et al. Impact of a winter respiratory virus season on patients with COPD and association with influenza vaccination. Chest 2006; 130: 1109–16.
5. Proud D, Chow Ch-W. Role of viral infections in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir. Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35: 513–8.
6. Morjaria LB, Dickinson RS, Morice AH. Novel antitussive strategies. Drug Discovery Today 2013; 18: 380–8.
7. Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 1138–80.
8. Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 11. CD001831.
9. Palombini BC, Villanova CA, Araújo E et al. A pathogenic triad in chronic cough: asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest 1999; 116 (2): 279–84.
10. Faruqi S, Murdoch RD, Allum F, Morice AH. On the definition of chronic cough and current treatment pathways: an international qualitative study. Cough 2014; 10 (5). DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-10-5
11. Plevkova J, Song WJ. Chronic cough in subjects with upper airway diseases: analysis of mechanisms and clinical applications. Asia Pac Allergy 2013; 3: 127–35.
12. Morice AH. Chronic cough hypersensitivity syndrome. Cough 2013; 9: 14–7.
13. Morice AH. The cough hypersensitivity syndrome: a novel paradigm for understanding cough. Lung 2010; 188: 587–90.
14. Morice AH, Millqvist E, Belvisi MG et al. Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine. Eur Respir J 2014; 44 (5): 1132–48.
15. Song WJ, Chang YS, Morice AH. Changing the paradigm for cough: does'cough hypersensitivity'aid our understanding? Asia Pac Allergy 2014; 4 (1): 3–13.
16. Morice AH. Cough and sputum. In: Palange P, Simonds AK. (eds.) Respiratory Medicine. ERS Handbook. The 2nd edition. European Respiratory Society, 2013.
17. Groneberg DA, Niimi A, Dinh QT et al. Increased expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in airway nerves of chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 1276–80.
18. Smit LA, Kogevinas M, Anto JM et al. Transient receptor potential genes, smoking, occupational exposures and cough in adults. Respir Res 2012; 13: 26.
19. Patberg KW. The female preponderance to cough hypersensitivity syndrome: another clue pointing to the role of TRPV1 in cough. Lung 2011; 189: 257–8.
20. Song WJ, Kim JY, Jo EJ et al. Capsaicin cough sensitivity is related to the older female predominant feature in chronic cough patients. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6 (5): 401–8.
21. Derbyshire SW, Nichols TE, Firestone L et al. Gender differences in patterns of cerebral activation during equal experience of painful laser stimulation. J Pain 2002; 3: 401–11.
22. Paulson PE, Minoshima S, Morrow TJ, Casey KL. Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans. Pain 1998; 76: 223–9.
23. Moulton EA, Keaser ML, Gullapalli RP et al. Sex differences in the cerebral BOLD signal response to painful heat stimuli. Am J Physiol. Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R257–67.
24. Chung KF, McGarvey L, Mazzone SB. Chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 414–22.
25. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Sovijarvi AR et al. ERS Task Force. The diagnosis and management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 481–92.
26. Song WJ, Morice AH, Kim MH et al. Cough in the elderly population: relationships with multiple comorbidity. PLoS One 2013; 8 (10): e78081.
27. Lalloo UG, Fox AJ, Belvisi MG et al. Capsazepine inhibits cough induced by capsaicin and citric acid but not by hypertonic saline in guinea pigs. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79 (4): 1082–7.
28. Bolser DC. Cough suppressant and pharmacologic protussive therapy: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 238S–249S.
29. Chang CC, Cheng AC, Chang AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2: D006088. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub3
30. Belvisi MG, Geppetti P Cough. 7: Current and future drugs for the treatment of chronic cough. Thorax 2004; 59 (5): 438–40.
31. Spagnolo P, Fabbri LM, Bush A. Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42 (1): 239–51.
32. Berkhof FF, Doornewaard-ten Hertog NE, Uil SM et al. Azithromycin and cough-specific health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cough: a randomised controlled trial. Respir Res 2013; 14: 125.
33. Chong J, Leung B, Poole P. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 11: CD002309. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002309.pub4
________________________________________________
2. Braman SS. Postinfectious cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 138S–146S.
3. Dispinigaitis PV, Colice GL, Goolsby MJ et al. Acute cough: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Cough 2009; 5: 11–8.
4. Gorse GJ, O'Connor TZ, Young SL et al. Impact of a winter respiratory virus season on patients with COPD and association with influenza vaccination. Chest 2006; 130: 1109–16.
5. Proud D, Chow Ch-W. Role of viral infections in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir. Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35: 513–8.
6. Morjaria LB, Dickinson RS, Morice AH. Novel antitussive strategies. Drug Discovery Today 2013; 18: 380–8.
7. Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 1138–80.
8. Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 11. CD001831.
9. Palombini BC, Villanova CA, Araújo E et al. A pathogenic triad in chronic cough: asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest 1999; 116 (2): 279–84.
10. Faruqi S, Murdoch RD, Allum F, Morice AH. On the definition of chronic cough and current treatment pathways: an international qualitative study. Cough 2014; 10 (5). DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-10-5
11. Plevkova J, Song WJ. Chronic cough in subjects with upper airway diseases: analysis of mechanisms and clinical applications. Asia Pac Allergy 2013; 3: 127–35.
12. Morice AH. Chronic cough hypersensitivity syndrome. Cough 2013; 9: 14–7.
13. Morice AH. The cough hypersensitivity syndrome: a novel paradigm for understanding cough. Lung 2010; 188: 587–90.
14. Morice AH, Millqvist E, Belvisi MG et al. Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine. Eur Respir J 2014; 44 (5): 1132–48.
15. Song WJ, Chang YS, Morice AH. Changing the paradigm for cough: does'cough hypersensitivity'aid our understanding? Asia Pac Allergy 2014; 4 (1): 3–13.
16. Morice AH. Cough and sputum. In: Palange P, Simonds AK. (eds.) Respiratory Medicine. ERS Handbook. The 2nd edition. European Respiratory Society, 2013.
17. Groneberg DA, Niimi A, Dinh QT et al. Increased expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in airway nerves of chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 1276–80.
18. Smit LA, Kogevinas M, Anto JM et al. Transient receptor potential genes, smoking, occupational exposures and cough in adults. Respir Res 2012; 13: 26.
19. Patberg KW. The female preponderance to cough hypersensitivity syndrome: another clue pointing to the role of TRPV1 in cough. Lung 2011; 189: 257–8.
20. Song WJ, Kim JY, Jo EJ et al. Capsaicin cough sensitivity is related to the older female predominant feature in chronic cough patients. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6 (5): 401–8.
21. Derbyshire SW, Nichols TE, Firestone L et al. Gender differences in patterns of cerebral activation during equal experience of painful laser stimulation. J Pain 2002; 3: 401–11.
22. Paulson PE, Minoshima S, Morrow TJ, Casey KL. Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans. Pain 1998; 76: 223–9.
23. Moulton EA, Keaser ML, Gullapalli RP et al. Sex differences in the cerebral BOLD signal response to painful heat stimuli. Am J Physiol. Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R257–67.
24. Chung KF, McGarvey L, Mazzone SB. Chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 414–22.
25. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Sovijarvi AR et al. ERS Task Force. The diagnosis and management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 481–92.
26. Song WJ, Morice AH, Kim MH et al. Cough in the elderly population: relationships with multiple comorbidity. PLoS One 2013; 8 (10): e78081.
27. Lalloo UG, Fox AJ, Belvisi MG et al. Capsazepine inhibits cough induced by capsaicin and citric acid but not by hypertonic saline in guinea pigs. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79 (4): 1082–7.
28. Bolser DC. Cough suppressant and pharmacologic protussive therapy: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129 (Suppl. 1): 238S–249S.
29. Chang CC, Cheng AC, Chang AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2: D006088. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub3
30. Belvisi MG, Geppetti P Cough. 7: Current and future drugs for the treatment of chronic cough. Thorax 2004; 59 (5): 438–40.
31. Spagnolo P, Fabbri LM, Bush A. Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42 (1): 239–51.
32. Berkhof FF, Doornewaard-ten Hertog NE, Uil SM et al. Azithromycin and cough-specific health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cough: a randomised controlled trial. Respir Res 2013; 14: 125.
33. Chong J, Leung B, Poole P. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 11: CD002309. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002309.pub4
Авторы
С.Ю.Чикина*
ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» ФМБА России. 105077, Россия, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, д. 32
*svch@list.ru
Research Institute of Pulmonology of FMBA of Russia. 105077, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 11-ia Parkovaia, d. 32
*svch@list.ru
ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» ФМБА России. 105077, Россия, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, д. 32
*svch@list.ru
________________________________________________
Research Institute of Pulmonology of FMBA of Russia. 105077, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 11-ia Parkovaia, d. 32
*svch@list.ru
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