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Азитромицин в лечении инфекций дыхательных путей - Справочник поликлинического врача №3 (2017)
Азитромицин в лечении инфекций дыхательных путей
Кароли Н.А., Ребров А.П. Азитромицин в лечении инфекций дыхательных путей. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2017; 3: 49–53.
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Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены роль и значимость антибактериальных препаратов группы макролидов, и в частности азитромицина, в лечении инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний дыхательных путей.
Ключевые слова: лечение заболеваний органов дыхания, ХОБЛ, бронхит, пневмония, макролиды, азитромицин.
Key words: treatment of respiratory diseases, COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, macrolides, azithromycin.
Ключевые слова: лечение заболеваний органов дыхания, ХОБЛ, бронхит, пневмония, макролиды, азитромицин.
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Key words: treatment of respiratory diseases, COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, macrolides, azithromycin.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Yamaya M, Azuma A, Takizawa H et al. Macrolide effects on the prevention of COPD exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2012; 40: 485–94.
2. Min J, Jang YJ. Macrolide therapy in respiratory viral infections. Mediators of Inflammation. 2012: Mediators Inflamm 2012: 649570. Published online 2012 June 6. DOI: 10.1155/2012/649570
3. Martinez FJ, Curtis JL, Albert R. Role of macrolide therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern J of COPD 2008; 3 (3): 331–50.
4. Лукьянов С. В. Клиническая фармакология макролидов. Consilium Medicum. 2004; 6 (10): 769–73. / Luk'ianov S. V. Klinicheskaia farmakologiia makrolidov. Consilium Medicum. 2004; 6 (10): 769–73. [in Russian]
5. Mammen MJ, Sethi S. Macrolide therapy for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2012; 122: 54–9.
6. Лукьянов С.В. Макролиды в терапии внебольничных инфекций дыхательных путей. Consilium Medicum. Болезни органов дыхания (Прил.). 2005; 1: 3–7. / Luk'ianov S.V. Makrolidy v terapii vnebol'nichnykh infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Consilium Medicum. Respiratory organs diseases. (Suppl.). 2005; 1: 3–7. [in Russian]
7. Amsden G. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides-an underappreciated benefit in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions? J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55 (1): 10–21.
8. Blasi F, Damato S, Cosentini R et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic bronchitis: association with severity and bacterial clearance following treatment. Thorax 2002; 57: 672–6.
9. Muto C, Liu P, Chiba K et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of azithromycin extended release in Japanese patients with common respiratory tract infectious disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66: 165–74.
10. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. 2016: 111.
11. Kim N, Leeper KV Jr. Epidemiology of chronic bronchitis and acute infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 21 (2): 73–8.
12. Rosell A, Monso E, Soler N et al. Microbiologic determinants of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 891–7.
13. Celli BR, Barnes PJ. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ERJ 2007; 29: 1224–38.
14. Bach PB, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 600–20.
15. McCrory DC, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of COPD. A summary and appraisal of published evidence. Chest 2001; 119: 1190–209.
16. Allegra L, Blasi F, de Bernardi B et al. Antibiotic treatment and baseline severity or disease in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a re-evaluation of previously published data of a placebo-controlled randomized study. Pulm Pharmacol Therapeut 2001; 14: 149–55.
17. Chodosh S. Clinical significance of the infection-free interval in the management of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest 2005; 127: 2231–6.
18. Wilson R. Treatment of COPD exacerbations: antibiotics. Eur Respir Rev 2005; 14: 32–8.
19. Miravitlles M, D'Urzo A, Singh D, Koblizek V. Pharmacological strategies to reduce exacerbation risk in COPD: a narrative review. Respir Res 2016; 17 (1): 112.
20. Contopoulos-Ioannidis DJ, Ioannidis JPA, Chew P, Law J. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the comparative efficacy and safety of azithromycin against other antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 691–703.
21. Schouenborg P, Gerdes N, Rasmussen HH et al. Azithromycin versus Pivampicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a single-blind, double-dummy, multicentre study. J Inter Med Res 2000; 28: 101–10.
22. Дворецкий Л.И. Азитромицин в лечении инфекций дыхательных путей. Позиции сохраняются. РМЖ. 2004; 2: 83–7. / Dvoretskii L.I. Azitromitsin v lechenii infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Pozitsii sokhraniaiutsia. RMZh. 2004; 2: 83–7. [in Russian]
23. Утешев Д.Б., Крылов И.А., Буюклинская О.В. Азитромицин: респираторная специфика и уникальность. Лечебное дело. 2008; 1: 15–8. / Uteshev D.B., Krylov I.A., Buiuklinskaia O.V. Azitromitsin: respiratornaia spetsifika i unikal'nost'. Lechebnoe delo. 2008; 1: 15–8. [in Russian]
24. Моисеев С.В. Азитромицин в лечении внебольничной пневмонии. Клин. фармакология и терапия. 2006: 15 (2). / Moiseev S.V. Azitromitsin v lechenii vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii. Klin. farmakologiia i terapiia. 2006: 15 (2). [in Russian]
25. Фомина И.П., Ушкалова Е.А. Применение азитромицина для лечения внебольничных пневмоний у взрослых и детей.Фарматека. 2002; 11: 3-4. / Fomina I.P., Ushkalova E.A. Primenenie azitromitsina dlia lecheniia vnebol'nichnykh pnevmonii u vzroslykh i detei. Farmateka. 2002; 11: 3-4. [in Russian]
26. Синопальников А.И., Зайцев А.А. Азитромцин: ступенчатая терапия госпитализированных больных внебольничной пневмонией (клинико-экономические сопоставления). Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (11): 10–4. / Sinopal'nikov A.I., Zaitsev A.A. Azitromtsin: stupenchataia terapiia gospitalizirovannykh bol'nykh vnebol'nichnoi pnevmoniei (kliniko-ekonomicheskie sopostavleniia). Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (11): 10–4. [in Russian]
27. Asadi L, Sligl W, Eurich D. Macrolide-Based Regimens and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (3): 371–80.
28. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых: практические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике. Пособие для врачей. М., 2010: 54. / Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh: prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike. Posobie dlia vrachei. M., 2010: 54. [in Russian]
29. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии у взрослых. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (3): 8–37. / Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike tiazheloi vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u vzroslykh. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (3): 8–37. [in Russian]
30. Шмелев Е.И. Острый бронхит. Атмосфера. Пульмонология и аллергология. 2004; 3: 3–7. / Shmelev E.I. Ostryi bronkhit. Atmosfera. Pul'monologiia i allergologiia. 2004; 3: 3–7. [in Russian]
31. Лещенко И.В. Острый бронхит: современные проблемы диагностики и лечения. Медицинский совет. 2013; 3: 25–8. / Leshchenko I.V. Ostryi bronkhit: sovremennye problemy diagnostiki i lecheniia. Meditsinskii sovet. 2013; 3: 25–8. [in Russian]
2. Min J, Jang YJ. Macrolide therapy in respiratory viral infections. Mediators of Inflammation. 2012: Mediators Inflamm 2012: 649570. Published online 2012 June 6. DOI: 10.1155/2012/649570
3. Martinez FJ, Curtis JL, Albert R. Role of macrolide therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern J of COPD 2008; 3 (3): 331–50.
4. Luk'ianov S. V. Klinicheskaia farmakologiia makrolidov. Consilium Medicum. 2004; 6 (10): 769–73. [in Russian]
5. Mammen MJ, Sethi S. Macrolide therapy for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2012; 122: 54–9.
6. Luk'ianov S.V. Makrolidy v terapii vnebol'nichnykh infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Consilium Medicum. Respiratory organs diseases. (Suppl.). 2005; 1: 3–7. [in Russian]
7. Amsden G. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides-an underappreciated benefit in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions? J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55 (1): 10–21.
8. Blasi F, Damato S, Cosentini R et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic bronchitis: association with severity and bacterial clearance following treatment. Thorax 2002; 57: 672–6.
9. Muto C, Liu P, Chiba K et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of azithromycin extended release in Japanese patients with common respiratory tract infectious disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66: 165–74.
10. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. 2016: 111.
11. Kim N, Leeper KV Jr. Epidemiology of chronic bronchitis and acute infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 21 (2): 73–8.
12. Rosell A, Monso E, Soler N et al. Microbiologic determinants of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 891–7.
13. Celli BR, Barnes PJ. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ERJ 2007; 29: 1224–38.
14. Bach PB, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 600–20.
15. McCrory DC, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of COPD. A summary and appraisal of published evidence. Chest 2001; 119: 1190–209.
16. Allegra L, Blasi F, de Bernardi B et al. Antibiotic treatment and baseline severity or disease in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a re-evaluation of previously published data of a placebo-controlled randomized study. Pulm Pharmacol Therapeut 2001; 14: 149–55.
17. Chodosh S. Clinical significance of the infection-free interval in the management of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest 2005; 127: 2231–6.
18. Wilson R. Treatment of COPD exacerbations: antibiotics. Eur Respir Rev 2005; 14: 32–8.
19. Miravitlles M, D'Urzo A, Singh D, Koblizek V. Pharmacological strategies to reduce exacerbation risk in COPD: a narrative review. Respir Res 2016; 17 (1): 112.
20. Contopoulos-Ioannidis DJ, Ioannidis JPA, Chew P, Law J. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the comparative efficacy and safety of azithromycin against other antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 691–703.
21. Schouenborg P, Gerdes N, Rasmussen HH et al. Azithromycin versus Pivampicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a single-blind, double-dummy, multicentre study. J Inter Med Res 2000; 28: 101–10.
22. Dvoretskii L.I. Azitromitsin v lechenii infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Pozitsii sokhraniaiutsia. RMZh. 2004; 2: 83–7. [in Russian]
23. Uteshev D.B., Krylov I.A., Buiuklinskaia O.V. Azitromitsin: respiratornaia spetsifika i unikal'nost'. Lechebnoe delo. 2008; 1: 15–8. [in Russian]
24. Moiseev S.V. Azitromitsin v lechenii vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii. Klin. farmakologiia i terapiia. 2006: 15 (2). [in Russian]
25. Fomina I.P., Ushkalova E.A. Primenenie azitromitsina dlia lecheniia vnebol'nichnykh pnevmonii u vzroslykh i detei. Farmateka. 2002; 11: 3-4. [in Russian]
26. Sinopal'nikov A.I., Zaitsev A.A. Azitromtsin: stupenchataia terapiia gospitalizirovannykh bol'nykh vnebol'nichnoi pnevmoniei (kliniko-ekonomicheskie sopostavleniia). Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (11): 10–4. [in Russian]
27. Asadi L, Sligl W, Eurich D. Macrolide-Based Regimens and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (3): 371–80.
28. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh: prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike. Posobie dlia vrachei. M., 2010: 54. [in Russian]
29. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike tiazheloi vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u vzroslykh. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (3): 8–37. [in Russian]
30. Shmelev E.I. Ostryi bronkhit. Atmosfera. Pul'monologiia i allergologiia. 2004; 3: 3–7. [in Russian]
31. Leshchenko I.V. Ostryi bronkhit: sovremennye problemy diagnostiki i lecheniia. Meditsinskii sovet. 2013; 3: 25–8. [in Russian]
2. Min J, Jang YJ. Macrolide therapy in respiratory viral infections. Mediators of Inflammation. 2012: Mediators Inflamm 2012: 649570. Published online 2012 June 6. DOI: 10.1155/2012/649570
3. Martinez FJ, Curtis JL, Albert R. Role of macrolide therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern J of COPD 2008; 3 (3): 331–50.
4. Лукьянов С. В. Клиническая фармакология макролидов. Consilium Medicum. 2004; 6 (10): 769–73. / Luk'ianov S. V. Klinicheskaia farmakologiia makrolidov. Consilium Medicum. 2004; 6 (10): 769–73. [in Russian]
5. Mammen MJ, Sethi S. Macrolide therapy for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2012; 122: 54–9.
6. Лукьянов С.В. Макролиды в терапии внебольничных инфекций дыхательных путей. Consilium Medicum. Болезни органов дыхания (Прил.). 2005; 1: 3–7. / Luk'ianov S.V. Makrolidy v terapii vnebol'nichnykh infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Consilium Medicum. Respiratory organs diseases. (Suppl.). 2005; 1: 3–7. [in Russian]
7. Amsden G. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides-an underappreciated benefit in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions? J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55 (1): 10–21.
8. Blasi F, Damato S, Cosentini R et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic bronchitis: association with severity and bacterial clearance following treatment. Thorax 2002; 57: 672–6.
9. Muto C, Liu P, Chiba K et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of azithromycin extended release in Japanese patients with common respiratory tract infectious disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66: 165–74.
10. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. 2016: 111.
11. Kim N, Leeper KV Jr. Epidemiology of chronic bronchitis and acute infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 21 (2): 73–8.
12. Rosell A, Monso E, Soler N et al. Microbiologic determinants of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 891–7.
13. Celli BR, Barnes PJ. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ERJ 2007; 29: 1224–38.
14. Bach PB, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 600–20.
15. McCrory DC, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of COPD. A summary and appraisal of published evidence. Chest 2001; 119: 1190–209.
16. Allegra L, Blasi F, de Bernardi B et al. Antibiotic treatment and baseline severity or disease in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a re-evaluation of previously published data of a placebo-controlled randomized study. Pulm Pharmacol Therapeut 2001; 14: 149–55.
17. Chodosh S. Clinical significance of the infection-free interval in the management of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest 2005; 127: 2231–6.
18. Wilson R. Treatment of COPD exacerbations: antibiotics. Eur Respir Rev 2005; 14: 32–8.
19. Miravitlles M, D'Urzo A, Singh D, Koblizek V. Pharmacological strategies to reduce exacerbation risk in COPD: a narrative review. Respir Res 2016; 17 (1): 112.
20. Contopoulos-Ioannidis DJ, Ioannidis JPA, Chew P, Law J. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the comparative efficacy and safety of azithromycin against other antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 691–703.
21. Schouenborg P, Gerdes N, Rasmussen HH et al. Azithromycin versus Pivampicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a single-blind, double-dummy, multicentre study. J Inter Med Res 2000; 28: 101–10.
22. Дворецкий Л.И. Азитромицин в лечении инфекций дыхательных путей. Позиции сохраняются. РМЖ. 2004; 2: 83–7. / Dvoretskii L.I. Azitromitsin v lechenii infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Pozitsii sokhraniaiutsia. RMZh. 2004; 2: 83–7. [in Russian]
23. Утешев Д.Б., Крылов И.А., Буюклинская О.В. Азитромицин: респираторная специфика и уникальность. Лечебное дело. 2008; 1: 15–8. / Uteshev D.B., Krylov I.A., Buiuklinskaia O.V. Azitromitsin: respiratornaia spetsifika i unikal'nost'. Lechebnoe delo. 2008; 1: 15–8. [in Russian]
24. Моисеев С.В. Азитромицин в лечении внебольничной пневмонии. Клин. фармакология и терапия. 2006: 15 (2). / Moiseev S.V. Azitromitsin v lechenii vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii. Klin. farmakologiia i terapiia. 2006: 15 (2). [in Russian]
25. Фомина И.П., Ушкалова Е.А. Применение азитромицина для лечения внебольничных пневмоний у взрослых и детей.Фарматека. 2002; 11: 3-4. / Fomina I.P., Ushkalova E.A. Primenenie azitromitsina dlia lecheniia vnebol'nichnykh pnevmonii u vzroslykh i detei. Farmateka. 2002; 11: 3-4. [in Russian]
26. Синопальников А.И., Зайцев А.А. Азитромцин: ступенчатая терапия госпитализированных больных внебольничной пневмонией (клинико-экономические сопоставления). Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (11): 10–4. / Sinopal'nikov A.I., Zaitsev A.A. Azitromtsin: stupenchataia terapiia gospitalizirovannykh bol'nykh vnebol'nichnoi pnevmoniei (kliniko-ekonomicheskie sopostavleniia). Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (11): 10–4. [in Russian]
27. Asadi L, Sligl W, Eurich D. Macrolide-Based Regimens and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (3): 371–80.
28. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых: практические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике. Пособие для врачей. М., 2010: 54. / Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh: prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike. Posobie dlia vrachei. M., 2010: 54. [in Russian]
29. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии у взрослых. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (3): 8–37. / Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike tiazheloi vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u vzroslykh. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (3): 8–37. [in Russian]
30. Шмелев Е.И. Острый бронхит. Атмосфера. Пульмонология и аллергология. 2004; 3: 3–7. / Shmelev E.I. Ostryi bronkhit. Atmosfera. Pul'monologiia i allergologiia. 2004; 3: 3–7. [in Russian]
31. Лещенко И.В. Острый бронхит: современные проблемы диагностики и лечения. Медицинский совет. 2013; 3: 25–8. / Leshchenko I.V. Ostryi bronkhit: sovremennye problemy diagnostiki i lecheniia. Meditsinskii sovet. 2013; 3: 25–8. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
2. Min J, Jang YJ. Macrolide therapy in respiratory viral infections. Mediators of Inflammation. 2012: Mediators Inflamm 2012: 649570. Published online 2012 June 6. DOI: 10.1155/2012/649570
3. Martinez FJ, Curtis JL, Albert R. Role of macrolide therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern J of COPD 2008; 3 (3): 331–50.
4. Luk'ianov S. V. Klinicheskaia farmakologiia makrolidov. Consilium Medicum. 2004; 6 (10): 769–73. [in Russian]
5. Mammen MJ, Sethi S. Macrolide therapy for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2012; 122: 54–9.
6. Luk'ianov S.V. Makrolidy v terapii vnebol'nichnykh infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Consilium Medicum. Respiratory organs diseases. (Suppl.). 2005; 1: 3–7. [in Russian]
7. Amsden G. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides-an underappreciated benefit in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions? J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55 (1): 10–21.
8. Blasi F, Damato S, Cosentini R et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic bronchitis: association with severity and bacterial clearance following treatment. Thorax 2002; 57: 672–6.
9. Muto C, Liu P, Chiba K et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of azithromycin extended release in Japanese patients with common respiratory tract infectious disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66: 165–74.
10. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. 2016: 111.
11. Kim N, Leeper KV Jr. Epidemiology of chronic bronchitis and acute infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 21 (2): 73–8.
12. Rosell A, Monso E, Soler N et al. Microbiologic determinants of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 891–7.
13. Celli BR, Barnes PJ. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ERJ 2007; 29: 1224–38.
14. Bach PB, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 600–20.
15. McCrory DC, Brown C, Gelfand SE et al. Management of acute exacerbations of COPD. A summary and appraisal of published evidence. Chest 2001; 119: 1190–209.
16. Allegra L, Blasi F, de Bernardi B et al. Antibiotic treatment and baseline severity or disease in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a re-evaluation of previously published data of a placebo-controlled randomized study. Pulm Pharmacol Therapeut 2001; 14: 149–55.
17. Chodosh S. Clinical significance of the infection-free interval in the management of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest 2005; 127: 2231–6.
18. Wilson R. Treatment of COPD exacerbations: antibiotics. Eur Respir Rev 2005; 14: 32–8.
19. Miravitlles M, D'Urzo A, Singh D, Koblizek V. Pharmacological strategies to reduce exacerbation risk in COPD: a narrative review. Respir Res 2016; 17 (1): 112.
20. Contopoulos-Ioannidis DJ, Ioannidis JPA, Chew P, Law J. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the comparative efficacy and safety of azithromycin against other antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 691–703.
21. Schouenborg P, Gerdes N, Rasmussen HH et al. Azithromycin versus Pivampicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a single-blind, double-dummy, multicentre study. J Inter Med Res 2000; 28: 101–10.
22. Dvoretskii L.I. Azitromitsin v lechenii infektsii dykhatel'nykh putei. Pozitsii sokhraniaiutsia. RMZh. 2004; 2: 83–7. [in Russian]
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Авторы
Н.А.Кароли, А.П.Ребров*
ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И.Разумовского» Минздрава России. 410012, Россия, Саратов, ул. Б. Казачья, д. 112
*andreyrebrov@yandex.ru
Saratov State Medical University. 410012, Russian Federation, Saratov, ul. B. Kazach'ia, d. 112
*andreyrebrov@yandex.ru
ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И.Разумовского» Минздрава России. 410012, Россия, Саратов, ул. Б. Казачья, д. 112
*andreyrebrov@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Saratov State Medical University. 410012, Russian Federation, Saratov, ul. B. Kazach'ia, d. 112
*andreyrebrov@yandex.ru
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