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Выбор диуретических лекарственных средств для лечения артериальной гипертензии в амбулаторно-поликлинической практике
Морозова Т.Е., Юдина И.Ю. Выбор диуретических лекарственных средств для лечения артериальной гипертензии в амбулаторно-поликлинической практике. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2017; 3: 38–42
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Morozova T.E., Yudina I.Yu. Selection of diuretic drugs for the treatment of hypertension in outpatient clinic practice. Handbook for Practitioners Doctors. 2017; 3: 38–42.
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Аннотация
В работе обсуждаются вопросы выбора диуретиков для фармакотерапии артериальной гипертензии, приводится сравнительная характеристика фармакологических свойств тиазидных, тиазидоподобных и петлевых диуретиков. Подробно описаны особенности действия, приводятся обзор доказательной базы петлевого диуретика торасемида и возможности его использования у разных категорий больных артериальной гипертензией.
Ключевые слова: диуретики, тиазидные диуретики, тиазидоподобные диуретики, петлевые диуретики, торасемид, фармакотерапия, артериальная гипертензия.
Ключевые слова: диуретики, тиазидные диуретики, тиазидоподобные диуретики, петлевые диуретики, торасемид, фармакотерапия, артериальная гипертензия.
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The paper discusses the choice of diuretics for the pharmacotherapy of hypertension, compares the pharmacological properties of thiazide, thiazide-like and loop diuretics. The features of the action are described in detail, the review of the evidence base of torasemide loop diuretic and the possibility of its use in different categories of patients with arterial hypertension are given.
Key words: diuretics, thiazide diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics, loop diuretics, torasemide, pharmacotherapy, arterial hypertension.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. 2013 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31 (7): 1281–357.
2. Рекомендации по лечению артериальной гипертонии. ESH/ESC 2013. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2014; 1 (105): 7–94. / Rekomendatsii po lecheniiu arterial'noi gipertonii. ESH/ESC 2013. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2014; 1 (105): 7–94. [in Russian]
3. Cooper-Dehoff RM, Gong Y, Handberg EM et al. Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensives patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. JAMA 2010; 304: 61–8.
4. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527–35.
5. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
6. Reboldi G, Gentile G, Angeli F et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure reduction on myocardial infarction and stroke in diabetes: a meta analysis in patients. J Hypertens 2011; 29: 1253–69
7. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black R et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1206–52.
8. McCormack T, Krause T, O’Flynn N. Management of hypertension in adults in primary care: NICE guideline. Br J Gen Pract 2012; 62 (596): 163–4.
9. Juaquerto DC, Schini VB, Vanhoutte PM. Indapamide potentiates the endothelium-depend production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by bradykinine in the canine femoral artery. Am Heart J 1991; 122 (2): 1204–9.
10. Mallion JM, Asmar R, Bouteland S, Guez D. Twenty-four hour antihypertensive efficacy of indapamide 1,5 mg sustained release: results of two randomized double-blind controlled studies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32 (4): 673–8.
11. Gosse P, Sheridan DJ, Zannad F et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hуpertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1,5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J Hypertens 2000; 18 (10): 1465–75.
12. Böcker W, Hupf H, Grimm D et al. Effects of indapamide in rats with pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000; 36 (4): 481–6.
13. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1887–98.
14. Морозова Т.Е. Артериальная гипертония у пожилых: особенности течения и выбор терапии. Consillium Medicum. 2012; 14 (5): 12–6. / Morozova T.E. Arterial'naia gipertoniia u pozhilykh: osobennosti techeniia i vybor terapii. Consillium Medicum. 2012; 14 (5): 12–6. [in Russian]
15. Psaty BM, Lumley T, Furberg CD. Meta-analysis of health outcomes of chlorthalidone-based vs nonchlorthalidone-based low-dose diuretic therapies. JAMA 2004; 292 (1): 43–4.
16. Dorsch MP, Gillespie BW, Erickson SR et al. Chlorthalidone reduces cardiovascular events compared with hydrochlorothiazide: a retrospective cohort analysis. Hypertension 2011; 57 (4): 689–94.
17. Asmar R, Amah G, Crisan O, Haddad S. Efficacy and tolerance of indapamide sustained release 1.5 mg on 24-h blood pressure in essential hypertension. Eur Heart J 1999; 1 (Suppl. P): 21–30.
18. Смирнов А.В., Шилов Е.М., Добронравов В.А. и др. Национальные рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек: основные принципы скрининга, диагностики, профилактики и подходы к лечению. Нефрология. 2012; 16 (1): 89–115. / Smirnov A.V., Shilov E.M., Dobronravov V.A. i dr. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniiu. Nefrologiia. 2012; 16 (1): 89–115. [in Russian]
19. De la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR et al. Clinical Features of 8295 Patients With Resistant Hypertension Classified on the Basis of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Hypertension 2011; 57: 898–902.
20. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Augustine JE. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemodynamic management to specialist care. Hypertension 2002; 39: 982–8.
21. Brater DC, Leinfelder J, Anderson SA. Clinical pharmacology of torasemide, a new loop diuretic. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 42: 187–92.
22. Masereel B, Ferrari P, Ferrandi M et al. Na+,2Cl–,K+ cotransport system as a marker of antihypertensive activity of new torasemide derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 219 (3): 385–94.
23. Spieker C, Zidek W, Hacker W et al. Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during diuretic treatment. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38 (1A): 188–90.
24. Yamanaga K, Uchida T, Kido H et al. But not furosemide, increases intracellular cAMP and cGMP content in the aorta of the renal hypertensive rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1992; 44 (1): 64–5.
25. Roca-Cusachs A, Aracil-Vilar J, Calvo-Gomez C et al. in Hypertension Clinical Trial Investigators Group. Clinical effects of torasemide prolonged release in mild-to-moderate hypertension: A randomized noninferiority trial versus torasemide immediate release. Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 26: 91–100.
26. Гиляревский С.Р., Орлов В.А., Кузьмина И.М., Голшмид М.В. Может ли торасемид пролонгированного действия стать альтернативой тиазидным диуретикам при артериальной гипертонии? Мнение эксперта. Рос. мед. журн. 2012; 20: 1038–43. / Giliarevskii S.R., Orlov V.A., Kuz'mina I.M., Golshmid M.V. Mozhet li torasemid prolongirovannogo deistviia stat' al'ternativoi tiazidnym diuretikam pri arterial'noi gipertonii? Mnenie eksperta. Ros. med. zhurn. 2012; 20: 1038–43. [in Russian]
27. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
28. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 8. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990; p. 183–209.
29. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
30. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikemnach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
31. Baumgart P, Walger P, van Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in essential hypertension. In: Krück et al. (Eds). Torasemide: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications. Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 8/1. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990; p. 169–82.
32. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
33. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 211–20.
34. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
35. Coca A. Long-term blood pressure control and metabolic disorders induced by torasemide in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14: 116A.
36. Ikeda K, Oshima T, Hidaka H, Takasaka T. Molecular and clinical implications of loop diuretic ototoxicity. Hear Res 1997; 107 (1–2): 1–8.
37. Ткачева О.Н., Рунихина Н.К., Шарашкина Н.В. Торасемид: дополнительные преимущества применения при артериальной гипертензии у женщин в постменопаузе. Системные гипертензии. 2013; 10 (2): 9–13. / Tkacheva O.N., Runikhina N.K., Sharashkina N.V. Torasemide: additional benefits for postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2013; 10 (2): 9–13. [in Russian]
2. Рекомендации по лечению артериальной гипертонии. ESH/ESC 2013. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2014; 1 (105): 7–94. / Rekomendatsii po lecheniiu arterial'noi gipertonii. ESH/ESC 2013. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2014; 1 (105): 7–94. [in Russian]
3. Cooper-Dehoff RM, Gong Y, Handberg EM et al. Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensives patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. JAMA 2010; 304: 61–8.
4. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527–35.
5. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
6. Reboldi G, Gentile G, Angeli F et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure reduction on myocardial infarction and stroke in diabetes: a meta analysis in patients. J Hypertens 2011; 29: 1253–69
7. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black R et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1206–52.
8. McCormack T, Krause T, O’Flynn N. Management of hypertension in adults in primary care: NICE guideline. Br J Gen Pract 2012; 62 (596): 163–4.
9. Juaquerto DC, Schini VB, Vanhoutte PM. Indapamide potentiates the endothelium-depend production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by bradykinine in the canine femoral artery. Am Heart J 1991; 122 (2): 1204–9.
10. Mallion JM, Asmar R, Bouteland S, Guez D. Twenty-four hour antihypertensive efficacy of indapamide 1,5 mg sustained release: results of two randomized double-blind controlled studies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32 (4): 673–8.
11. Gosse P, Sheridan DJ, Zannad F et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hуpertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1,5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J Hypertens 2000; 18 (10): 1465–75.
12. Böcker W, Hupf H, Grimm D et al. Effects of indapamide in rats with pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000; 36 (4): 481–6.
13. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1887–98.
14. Морозова Т.Е. Артериальная гипертония у пожилых: особенности течения и выбор терапии. Consillium Medicum. 2012; 14 (5): 12–6. / Morozova T.E. Arterial'naia gipertoniia u pozhilykh: osobennosti techeniia i vybor terapii. Consillium Medicum. 2012; 14 (5): 12–6. [in Russian]
15. Psaty BM, Lumley T, Furberg CD. Meta-analysis of health outcomes of chlorthalidone-based vs nonchlorthalidone-based low-dose diuretic therapies. JAMA 2004; 292 (1): 43–4.
16. Dorsch MP, Gillespie BW, Erickson SR et al. Chlorthalidone reduces cardiovascular events compared with hydrochlorothiazide: a retrospective cohort analysis. Hypertension 2011; 57 (4): 689–94.
17. Asmar R, Amah G, Crisan O, Haddad S. Efficacy and tolerance of indapamide sustained release 1.5 mg on 24-h blood pressure in essential hypertension. Eur Heart J 1999; 1 (Suppl. P): 21–30.
18. Смирнов А.В., Шилов Е.М., Добронравов В.А. и др. Национальные рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек: основные принципы скрининга, диагностики, профилактики и подходы к лечению. Нефрология. 2012; 16 (1): 89–115. / Smirnov A.V., Shilov E.M., Dobronravov V.A. i dr. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniiu. Nefrologiia. 2012; 16 (1): 89–115. [in Russian]
19. De la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR et al. Clinical Features of 8295 Patients With Resistant Hypertension Classified on the Basis of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Hypertension 2011; 57: 898–902.
20. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Augustine JE. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemodynamic management to specialist care. Hypertension 2002; 39: 982–8.
21. Brater DC, Leinfelder J, Anderson SA. Clinical pharmacology of torasemide, a new loop diuretic. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 42: 187–92.
22. Masereel B, Ferrari P, Ferrandi M et al. Na+,2Cl–,K+ cotransport system as a marker of antihypertensive activity of new torasemide derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 219 (3): 385–94.
23. Spieker C, Zidek W, Hacker W et al. Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during diuretic treatment. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38 (1A): 188–90.
24. Yamanaga K, Uchida T, Kido H et al. But not furosemide, increases intracellular cAMP and cGMP content in the aorta of the renal hypertensive rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1992; 44 (1): 64–5.
25. Roca-Cusachs A, Aracil-Vilar J, Calvo-Gomez C et al. in Hypertension Clinical Trial Investigators Group. Clinical effects of torasemide prolonged release in mild-to-moderate hypertension: A randomized noninferiority trial versus torasemide immediate release. Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 26: 91–100.
26. Гиляревский С.Р., Орлов В.А., Кузьмина И.М., Голшмид М.В. Может ли торасемид пролонгированного действия стать альтернативой тиазидным диуретикам при артериальной гипертонии? Мнение эксперта. Рос. мед. журн. 2012; 20: 1038–43. / Giliarevskii S.R., Orlov V.A., Kuz'mina I.M., Golshmid M.V. Mozhet li torasemid prolongirovannogo deistviia stat' al'ternativoi tiazidnym diuretikam pri arterial'noi gipertonii? Mnenie eksperta. Ros. med. zhurn. 2012; 20: 1038–43. [in Russian]
27. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
28. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 8. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990; p. 183–209.
29. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
30. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikemnach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
31. Baumgart P, Walger P, van Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in essential hypertension. In: Krück et al. (Eds). Torasemide: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications. Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 8/1. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990; p. 169–82.
32. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
33. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 211–20.
34. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
35. Coca A. Long-term blood pressure control and metabolic disorders induced by torasemide in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14: 116A.
36. Ikeda K, Oshima T, Hidaka H, Takasaka T. Molecular and clinical implications of loop diuretic ototoxicity. Hear Res 1997; 107 (1–2): 1–8.
37. Ткачева О.Н., Рунихина Н.К., Шарашкина Н.В. Торасемид: дополнительные преимущества применения при артериальной гипертензии у женщин в постменопаузе. Системные гипертензии. 2013; 10 (2): 9–13. / Tkacheva O.N., Runikhina N.K., Sharashkina N.V. Torasemide: additional benefits for postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2013; 10 (2): 9–13. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
1. 2013 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31 (7): 1281–357.
2. Rekomendatsii po lecheniiu arterial'noi gipertonii. ESH/ESC 2013. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2014; 1 (105): 7–94. [in Russian]
3. Cooper-Dehoff RM, Gong Y, Handberg EM et al. Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensives patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. JAMA 2010; 304: 61–8.
4. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527–35.
5. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
6. Reboldi G, Gentile G, Angeli F et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure reduction on myocardial infarction and stroke in diabetes: a meta analysis in patients. J Hypertens 2011; 29: 1253–69
7. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black R et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1206–52.
8. McCormack T, Krause T, O’Flynn N. Management of hypertension in adults in primary care: NICE guideline. Br J Gen Pract 2012; 62 (596): 163–4.
9. Juaquerto DC, Schini VB, Vanhoutte PM. Indapamide potentiates the endothelium-depend production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by bradykinine in the canine femoral artery. Am Heart J 1991; 122 (2): 1204–9.
10. Mallion JM, Asmar R, Bouteland S, Guez D. Twenty-four hour antihypertensive efficacy of indapamide 1,5 mg sustained release: results of two randomized double-blind controlled studies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32 (4): 673–8.
11. Gosse P, Sheridan DJ, Zannad F et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hуpertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1,5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J Hypertens 2000; 18 (10): 1465–75.
12. Böcker W, Hupf H, Grimm D et al. Effects of indapamide in rats with pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000; 36 (4): 481–6.
13. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1887–98.
14. Morozova T.E. Arterial'naia gipertoniia u pozhilykh: osobennosti techeniia i vybor terapii. Consillium Medicum. 2012; 14 (5): 12–6. [in Russian]
15. Psaty BM, Lumley T, Furberg CD. Meta-analysis of health outcomes of chlorthalidone-based vs nonchlorthalidone-based low-dose diuretic therapies. JAMA 2004; 292 (1): 43–4.
16. Dorsch MP, Gillespie BW, Erickson SR et al. Chlorthalidone reduces cardiovascular events compared with hydrochlorothiazide: a retrospective cohort analysis. Hypertension 2011; 57 (4): 689–94.
17. Asmar R, Amah G, Crisan O, Haddad S. Efficacy and tolerance of indapamide sustained release 1.5 mg on 24-h blood pressure in essential hypertension. Eur Heart J 1999; 1 (Suppl. P): 21–30.
18. Smirnov A.V., Shilov E.M., Dobronravov V.A. i dr. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniiu. Nefrologiia. 2012; 16 (1): 89–115. [in Russian]
19. De la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR et al. Clinical Features of 8295 Patients With Resistant Hypertension Classified on the Basis of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Hypertension 2011; 57: 898–902.
20. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Augustine JE. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemodynamic management to specialist care. Hypertension 2002; 39: 982–8.
21. Brater DC, Leinfelder J, Anderson SA. Clinical pharmacology of torasemide, a new loop diuretic. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 42: 187–92.
22. Masereel B, Ferrari P, Ferrandi M et al. Na+,2Cl–,K+ cotransport system as a marker of antihypertensive activity of new torasemide derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 219 (3): 385–94.
23. Spieker C, Zidek W, Hacker W et al. Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during diuretic treatment. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38 (1A): 188–90.
24. Yamanaga K, Uchida T, Kido H et al. But not furosemide, increases intracellular cAMP and cGMP content in the aorta of the renal hypertensive rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1992; 44 (1): 64–5.
25. Roca-Cusachs A, Aracil-Vilar J, Calvo-Gomez C et al. in Hypertension Clinical Trial Investigators Group. Clinical effects of torasemide prolonged release in mild-to-moderate hypertension: A randomized noninferiority trial versus torasemide immediate release. Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 26: 91–100.
26. Giliarevskii S.R., Orlov V.A., Kuz'mina I.M., Golshmid M.V. Mozhet li torasemid prolongirovannogo deistviia stat' al'ternativoi tiazidnym diuretikam pri arterial'noi gipertonii? Mnenie eksperta. Ros. med. zhurn. 2012; 20: 1038–43. [in Russian]
27. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
28. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 8. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990; p. 183–209.
29. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5–5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25–50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993; p. 279–82.
30. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikemnach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
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Авторы
Т.Е.Морозова*, И.Ю.Юдина
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова» Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*temorozova@gmail.com
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова» Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*temorozova@gmail.com
________________________________________________
T.E.Morozova*, I.Yu.Yudina
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2
*temorozova@gmail.com
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