1. Holick M, MacLaughlin J, Clark M, Holick S. Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science. 2010;210:203-205. doi: 10.1126/science.6251551
2. The norms physiological needs for energy and nutrients for different groups of the population of the Russian Federation. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. MR 2.3.1.2432 - 08 (18.12.2008) 41 р. Russian (Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации. Методические рекомендации. МР 2.3.1.2432 - 08 (от 18 декабря 2008 г.) 41 с.)
3. National Institute of Health. Dietary supplement fact sheet: vitamin D. Доступно по: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/ Ссылка активна на 15.04.2016 г.
4. Holick MF. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81: 353–373. doi: 10.4065/81.3.353
5. Федеральные клинические рекомендации "Дефицит витамина D у взрослых: диагностика, лечение и профилактика". 2015 г. 15 октября 2015 г. Доступно по: http://www.endocrincentr.ru/science/public/ consenss/932/ Ссылка активна на 15.04.2016 г.
6. Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988; 67: 373-378. doi:  10.1210/jcem-67-2-373
7. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.
8. Pappa HM, Bern E, Kamin D, Grand RJ. Vitamin D status in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008;24:176-183.  doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f4d2f3
9. Lai L, Lucas R, Clements M, Roddam A, Banks E. Hip fracture risk in relation to vitamin D supplementation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. J Clin Invest. 1990; 85: 1296-1303. PMID: 20540727
10. van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T. Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study. BMJ. 2003;327:316.  doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7410.316
11. Ginde A, Mansbach K, Camargo CJ. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory trct infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169: 384-390. doi: 10/1001/archinternmed.208.560
12. Nnoaham K, Clarke A. Low serum vitamin D levels and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol.  2008; 37: 113-119. doi: 10.1093/ije/dym247
13. Pittas A, Lau J, Dawson-Hughes B. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92: 2017–2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0298
14. Kim DH, Sabour S, Sagar UN, Adams S, Whellan DJ. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in cardiovascular diseases (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004). Am J Cardiol. 2008; 102: 1540-1544. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.06.067
15. Gandini S, Boniol M, Haukka J, Byrnes G, Cox B, Sneyd MJ, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer. 2011; 128: 1414-1424 . doi: 10.1002/ijc.25439
16. Cherniack E, Troen B, Florenz H, Roos B, Levis S. Some new food for thought: the role of vitamin D in the mental health of older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2009; 11: 12-19. PMID: 19187703
17. Salahuddin N, Ali F, Hasan Z, Rao N, Ageel M, Mahmood F. Vitamin D accelerates clinical recovery from tubercolosis: results of the SUCCINCT. A randomized placebo-controlled, clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in patients with pulmonary tubercolosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-22
18. Jorde R, Sneve M, Figenschau Y, Svartberg J, Waterloo K. Effects of vitamin D supplementation of symptoms of depression in overweight and obese subjects: randomized double blind trial. J Intern Med. 2008; 264: 599–609. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02008.x
19. Grath J, Saari K, Hakko H. Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth-cohort study. Schizophr Res. 2004; 67: 237-245. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.005
20. Myhr K. Vitamin D treatment in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2009; 286: 104–108. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.05.002
21. Gloth FM, III, Gundberg CM, Hollis BW, Haddad JG Jr., Tobin JD. Vitamin D deficiency in homebound elderly persons. JAMA. 1995; 274: 1683–1686. doi: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530210037027
22. Deeb KK, Trump DL, Johnson CS. Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential for anticancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007; 7: 684-700. doi: :10.1038/nrc2196
23. Ylikomi T, Laaksi I, Lou YR, Martikainen P, Miettinen S, Pennanen P, et al. Antiproliferative action of vitamin D. Vitam Horm. 2002; 64: 357-406. PMID:11898396
24. Nakagawa K., Yamamura K., Maeda S, et al. Bcl-2 expression in epidermal keratinocytic diseases. Cancer. 1994; 74: 1720–1724. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940915)74:6<1720:AID-CNCR2820740613 >3.0.CO;2-T 
25. Lanske B, Razzaque MS. Mineral metabolism and aging: the fibroblast growth factor 23 enigma. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2007; 16: 311-318. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3281c55eca
26. Sitara D, Razzaque MS, Hesse M, et al. Homozygous ablation of fibroblast growth factor-23 results in hyperphosphatemia and impaired skeletogenesis, and reverses hypophosphatemia in Phex-deficient mice. Matrix Biology. 2004; 23 (7): 421-432. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.09.007
27. Shimada T, Kakitani M, Yamazaki Y, et al. Targeted ablation of Fgf23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2004; 113 (4): 561-568. doi: 10.1172/JCI19081
28. Kuro-o M, Matsumura Y, Aizawa H, et al. Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing. Nature. 1997; 390: 45-51. doi: 10.1038/36285 
29. Kuro-o M. Klotho as a regulator of oxidative stress and senescence. Biol Chem. 2008; 389: 233-241. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.028
30. Lie DC, Colamarino SA, Song HJ, Désiré L, Mira H, Consiglio A, Lein ES, Jessberger S, Lansford H, Dearie AR, Gage FH (October 2005). «Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis». Nature.  437 (7063): 1370-1375. doi: 10.1038/nature04108
31. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and age-related diseases: reality and prospects. Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2015; 11(3): 309-316. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты и возраст-ассоциированные болезни: реалии и перспективы. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11(3): 309-316.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-3-309-316
32. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN.  Telomere length and cardiovascular diseases: focus on chronic psychological stress. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2015; 2: 48-53. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Длина теломер и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания: акцент на хронический психологический стресс. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2015; 2: 48-53.)
33. Drapkina OM., Shepel RN. Sleep duration: modern view of the problem from the standpoint of a cardiologist. Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2015; 11(4): 413-419. (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Продолжительность сна: современный взгляд на проблему с позиций кардиолога. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11(4): 413-419.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-4-413-419
34. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. The modern conception of the proper role of telomeres and telomerase in pathogenesis of hypertension. Arterial'naya gipertenziya. 2013; 19(4): 290-298. (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Современные представления о роли теломер и теломеразы в патогенезе гипертонической болезни. Артериальная гипертензия. 2013; 19(4): 290-298.)
35. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Telomeres and chronic heart failure. Kardiologiya. 2014; 54(4): 60-67. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н.  Теломеры и хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Кардиология. 2014; 54(4): 60-67.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/cardio.2015.10.85-89
36. Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta– analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33: 414–420. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124
37. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children, adolescents and adults. Sleep. 2008; 31: 619-626. PMCID: PMC2398753
38. Ikehara S, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, et al.  Association of sleep duration with mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes for Japanese men and women: the JACC study. Sleep. 2009; 32(3): 259-301. PMCID: PMC2647783
39. Lemire JM. Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cell Biochem. 1992; 49: 26–31. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240490106
40. Oelzner P, Muller A, Deschner F, Huller M, Abendroth K, Hein G, et al. Relationship between disease activity and serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and PTH in rheumatoid arthritis. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998; 62: 193-198. PMID: 9501950
41. Deluca HF, Cantorna MT. Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J. 2001; 15: 2579–2585. doi: 10.1096/fj.01-0433rev 
42. Mathieu C, Adorini L. The coming of age of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogs as immunomodulatory agents. Trends Mol Med. 2002;8:174-179. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4914(02)02294-3
43. Richards JB, Valdes AM, Gardner JP, Paximadas D, Kimura M, Nessa A, et al. Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86: 1420-1425. PMCID: PMC2196219
44. Liu JJ, Prescott J, Giovannucci E, Hankinson SE, Rosner B, Han J, et al. Plasma vitamin D biomarkers and leukocyte telomere length. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 177: 1411-1417.  doi: 10.1093/aje/kws435
45. Kamen DL, Aranow C (2008) The link between vitamin D deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 10: 273-280.  PMID: 18662506
46. Hoffecker BM, Raffield LM, Kamen DL, Nowling TK. Systemic lupus erythematosus and vitamin D deficiency are associated with shorter telomere length among African Americans: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2013; 8:e63725. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063725
47. Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP, Kimura M, Oelsner E, Cherkas LF, et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005; 366: 662-664. 
48. Gardner JP, Li S, Srinivasan SR, Chen W, Kimura M, Lu X, et al. Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere asttrition. Circulation. 2005; 111: 2171-2177. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000163550. 70487.0B
49. Kim S, Parks CG, DeRoo LA, Chen H, Taylor JA, Cawthon RM, et al. Obesity and weight gain in adulthood and telomere length. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18: 816-820. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0935
50. Lee M, Martin H, Firpo MA, Demerath EW. Inverse association between adiposity and telomere length: The Fels Longitudinal Study. Am J Hum Biol. 2011; 23: 100-106. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21109
51. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Telomeres and telomerase complex. The main manifestations of the genetic fault. Kardiovaskulyarnaya Terapiya i Profilaktika. 2015; 1: 70-77. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Теломеры и теломеразный комплекс. Основные проявления генетического сбоя. Кардиоваскулярная Терапия и Профилактика. 2015; 1: 70-77.). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2015-1-70-77
52. Perez-Rivero G, Ruiz-Torres MP, Rivas-Elena JV, Jerkic M, Diez-Marques ML, Lopez-Novoa JM, et al. Mice deficient in telomerase activity develop hypertension because of an excess of endothelin production. Circulation. 2006; 114: 309-317. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.611111
53. Imanishi T, Moriwaki C, Hano T, Nishio I. Endothelial progenitor cell senescence is accelerated in both experimental hypertensive rats and patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2005; 23: 1831-1837. PMID: 16148606
54. Leri A, Franco S, Zacheo A, Barlucchi L, Chimenti S, Limana F, et al. Ablation of telomerase and telomere loss leads to cardiac dilatation and heart failure associated with p53 upregulation. EMBO J. 2003; 22: 131-139. doi: 10.1093/emboj/cdg013
55. Franco S, Segura I, Riese HH, Blasco MA. Decreased B16F10 melanoma growth and impaired vascularization in telomerase-deficient mice with critically short telomeres. Cancer Res. 2002; 62: 552–559.
56. Zhu H, Guo D, Li K, Pedersen-White J, Stallmann-Jorgensen IS, Huang Y, et al. Increased telomerase activity and vitamin D supplementation in overweight African Americans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012; 36: 805- 809. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.197
57. Bikbov BT, Tomilina NA.  Status replacement therapy in patients with chronic renal failure in the Russian Federation in 1998-2009 years. Report to the Russian Register of renal replacement. Nefrologiya i dializ.  2014; 16(1): 11-127. Russian (Бикбов Б.Т., Томилина Н.А. Состояние заместительной терапии больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью в Российской Федерации в 1998–2009 гг. Отчет по данным Российского регистра заместительной почечной терапии. Нефрология и диализ. 2014; 16(1): 11-127.)
58. Ramirez R, Carracedo J, Soriano S, et al. Stress-induced premature senescence in mononuclear cells from patients on long-term hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 45: 353–359. PMID: 15685514
59. Borras M, Panizo S, Sarro F, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez E. Assessment of the potential role of active vitamin D treatment in telomere length: a case-control study in hemodialysis patients. Clin Ther. 2012;34:849-856. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.02.016
60. Finkel T, Holbrook NJ. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature. 2000; 408: 239-247. doi: 10.1038/35041687
61. Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP, et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005; 366: 662-664. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66630-5
62. Nawrot TS, Staessen JA, Gardner JP, Aviv A. Telomere length and possible link to X chromosome. Lancet. 2004; 363: 507-510. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15535-9
63. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Physical inactivity is a disease of the century: physical inactivity as risk factor for diseases of the cardiovascular system and premature aging. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2015; 3: 53-58. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Гиподинамия – болезнь века: низкая физическая активность как фактор риска заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы и преждевременного старения. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2015; 3: 53-58.)

________________________________________________

1. Holick M, MacLaughlin J, Clark M, Holick S. Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science. 2010;210:203-205. doi: 10.1126/science.6251551
2. The norms physiological needs for energy and nutrients for different groups of the population of the Russian Federation. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. MR 2.3.1.2432 - 08 (18.12.2008) 41 р. Russian (Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации. Методические рекомендации. МР 2.3.1.2432 - 08 (от 18 декабря 2008 г.) 41 с.)
3. National Institute of Health. Dietary supplement fact sheet: vitamin D. Доступно по: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/ Ссылка активна на 15.04.2016 г.
4. Holick MF. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81: 353–373. doi: 10.4065/81.3.353
5. Федеральные клинические рекомендации "Дефицит витамина D у взрослых: диагностика, лечение и профилактика". 2015 г. 15 октября 2015 г. Доступно по: http://www.endocrincentr.ru/science/public/ consenss/932/ Ссылка активна на 15.04.2016 г.
6. Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988; 67: 373-378. doi:  10.1210/jcem-67-2-373
7. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.
8. Pappa HM, Bern E, Kamin D, Grand RJ. Vitamin D status in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008;24:176-183.  doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f4d2f3
9. Lai L, Lucas R, Clements M, Roddam A, Banks E. Hip fracture risk in relation to vitamin D supplementation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. J Clin Invest. 1990; 85: 1296-1303. PMID: 20540727
10. van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T. Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study. BMJ. 2003;327:316.  doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7410.316
11. Ginde A, Mansbach K, Camargo CJ. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory trct infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169: 384-390. doi: 10/1001/archinternmed.208.560
12. Nnoaham K, Clarke A. Low serum vitamin D levels and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol.  2008; 37: 113-119. doi: 10.1093/ije/dym247
13. Pittas A, Lau J, Dawson-Hughes B. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92: 2017–2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0298
14. Kim DH, Sabour S, Sagar UN, Adams S, Whellan DJ. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in cardiovascular diseases (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004). Am J Cardiol. 2008; 102: 1540-1544. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.06.067
15. Gandini S, Boniol M, Haukka J, Byrnes G, Cox B, Sneyd MJ, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer. 2011; 128: 1414-1424 . doi: 10.1002/ijc.25439
16. Cherniack E, Troen B, Florenz H, Roos B, Levis S. Some new food for thought: the role of vitamin D in the mental health of older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2009; 11: 12-19. PMID: 19187703
17. Salahuddin N, Ali F, Hasan Z, Rao N, Ageel M, Mahmood F. Vitamin D accelerates clinical recovery from tubercolosis: results of the SUCCINCT. A randomized placebo-controlled, clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in patients with pulmonary tubercolosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-22
18. Jorde R, Sneve M, Figenschau Y, Svartberg J, Waterloo K. Effects of vitamin D supplementation of symptoms of depression in overweight and obese subjects: randomized double blind trial. J Intern Med. 2008; 264: 599–609. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02008.x
19. Grath J, Saari K, Hakko H. Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth-cohort study. Schizophr Res. 2004; 67: 237-245. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.005
20. Myhr K. Vitamin D treatment in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2009; 286: 104–108. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.05.002
21. Gloth FM, III, Gundberg CM, Hollis BW, Haddad JG Jr., Tobin JD. Vitamin D deficiency in homebound elderly persons. JAMA. 1995; 274: 1683–1686. doi: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530210037027
22. Deeb KK, Trump DL, Johnson CS. Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential for anticancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007; 7: 684-700. doi: :10.1038/nrc2196
23. Ylikomi T, Laaksi I, Lou YR, Martikainen P, Miettinen S, Pennanen P, et al. Antiproliferative action of vitamin D. Vitam Horm. 2002; 64: 357-406. PMID:11898396
24. Nakagawa K., Yamamura K., Maeda S, et al. Bcl-2 expression in epidermal keratinocytic diseases. Cancer. 1994; 74: 1720–1724. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940915)74:6<1720:AID-CNCR2820740613 >3.0.CO;2-T 
25. Lanske B, Razzaque MS. Mineral metabolism and aging: the fibroblast growth factor 23 enigma. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2007; 16: 311-318. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3281c55eca
26. Sitara D, Razzaque MS, Hesse M, et al. Homozygous ablation of fibroblast growth factor-23 results in hyperphosphatemia and impaired skeletogenesis, and reverses hypophosphatemia in Phex-deficient mice. Matrix Biology. 2004; 23 (7): 421-432. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.09.007
27. Shimada T, Kakitani M, Yamazaki Y, et al. Targeted ablation of Fgf23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2004; 113 (4): 561-568. doi: 10.1172/JCI19081
28. Kuro-o M, Matsumura Y, Aizawa H, et al. Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing. Nature. 1997; 390: 45-51. doi: 10.1038/36285 
29. Kuro-o M. Klotho as a regulator of oxidative stress and senescence. Biol Chem. 2008; 389: 233-241. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.028
30. Lie DC, Colamarino SA, Song HJ, Désiré L, Mira H, Consiglio A, Lein ES, Jessberger S, Lansford H, Dearie AR, Gage FH (October 2005). «Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis». Nature.  437 (7063): 1370-1375. doi: 10.1038/nature04108
31. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and age-related diseases: reality and prospects. Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2015; 11(3): 309-316. Russian 
32. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN.  Telomere length and cardiovascular diseases: focus on chronic psychological stress. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2015; 2: 48-53. Russian 
33. Drapkina OM., Shepel RN. Sleep duration: modern view of the problem from the standpoint of a cardiologist. Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2015; 11(4): 413-419. (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Продолжительность сна: современный взгляд на проблему с позиций кардиолога. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11(4): 413-419.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-4-413-419
34. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. The modern conception of the proper role of telomeres and telomerase in pathogenesis of hypertension. Arterial'naya gipertenziya. 2013; 19(4): 290-298. 
35. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Telomeres and chronic heart failure. Kardiologiya. 2014; 54(4): 60-67. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н.  Теломеры и хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Кардиология. 2014; 54(4): 60-67.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/cardio.2015.10.85-89
36. Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta– analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33: 414–420. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124
37. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children, adolescents and adults. Sleep. 2008; 31: 619-626. PMCID: PMC2398753
38. Ikehara S, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, et al.  Association of sleep duration with mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes for Japanese men and women: the JACC study. Sleep. 2009; 32(3): 259-301. PMCID: PMC2647783
39. Lemire JM. Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cell Biochem. 1992; 49: 26–31. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240490106
40. Oelzner P, Muller A, Deschner F, Huller M, Abendroth K, Hein G, et al. Relationship between disease activity and serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and PTH in rheumatoid arthritis. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998; 62: 193-198. PMID: 9501950
41. Deluca HF, Cantorna MT. Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J. 2001; 15: 2579–2585. doi: 10.1096/fj.01-0433rev 
42. Mathieu C, Adorini L. The coming of age of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogs as immunomodulatory agents. Trends Mol Med. 2002;8:174-179. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4914(02)02294-3
43. Richards JB, Valdes AM, Gardner JP, Paximadas D, Kimura M, Nessa A, et al. Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86: 1420-1425. PMCID: PMC2196219
44. Liu JJ, Prescott J, Giovannucci E, Hankinson SE, Rosner B, Han J, et al. Plasma vitamin D biomarkers and leukocyte telomere length. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 177: 1411-1417.  doi: 10.1093/aje/kws435
45. Kamen DL, Aranow C (2008) The link between vitamin D deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 10: 273-280.  PMID: 18662506
46. Hoffecker BM, Raffield LM, Kamen DL, Nowling TK. Systemic lupus erythematosus and vitamin D deficiency are associated with shorter telomere length among African Americans: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2013; 8:e63725. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063725
47. Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP, Kimura M, Oelsner E, Cherkas LF, et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005; 366: 662-664. 
48. Gardner JP, Li S, Srinivasan SR, Chen W, Kimura M, Lu X, et al. Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere asttrition. Circulation. 2005; 111: 2171-2177. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000163550. 70487.0B
49. Kim S, Parks CG, DeRoo LA, Chen H, Taylor JA, Cawthon RM, et al. Obesity and weight gain in adulthood and telomere length. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18: 816-820. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0935
50. Lee M, Martin H, Firpo MA, Demerath EW. Inverse association between adiposity and telomere length: The Fels Longitudinal Study. Am J Hum Biol. 2011; 23: 100-106. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21109
51. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Telomeres and telomerase complex. The main manifestations of the genetic fault. Kardiovaskulyarnaya Terapiya i Profilaktika. 2015; 1: 70-77. Russian 
52. Perez-Rivero G, Ruiz-Torres MP, Rivas-Elena JV, Jerkic M, Diez-Marques ML, Lopez-Novoa JM, et al. Mice deficient in telomerase activity develop hypertension because of an excess of endothelin production. Circulation. 2006; 114: 309-317. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.611111
53. Imanishi T, Moriwaki C, Hano T, Nishio I. Endothelial progenitor cell senescence is accelerated in both experimental hypertensive rats and patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2005; 23: 1831-1837. PMID: 16148606
54. Leri A, Franco S, Zacheo A, Barlucchi L, Chimenti S, Limana F, et al. Ablation of telomerase and telomere loss leads to cardiac dilatation and heart failure associated with p53 upregulation. EMBO J. 2003; 22: 131-139. doi: 10.1093/emboj/cdg013
55. Franco S, Segura I, Riese HH, Blasco MA. Decreased B16F10 melanoma growth and impaired vascularization in telomerase-deficient mice with critically short telomeres. Cancer Res. 2002; 62: 552–559.
56. Zhu H, Guo D, Li K, Pedersen-White J, Stallmann-Jorgensen IS, Huang Y, et al. Increased telomerase activity and vitamin D supplementation in overweight African Americans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012; 36: 805- 809. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.197
57. Bikbov BT, Tomilina NA.  Status replacement therapy in patients with chronic renal failure in the Russian Federation in 1998-2009 years. Report to the Russian Register of renal replacement. Nefrologiya i dializ.  2014; 16(1): 11-127. Russian 
58. Ramirez R, Carracedo J, Soriano S, et al. Stress-induced premature senescence in mononuclear cells from patients on long-term hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 45: 353–359. PMID: 15685514
59. Borras M, Panizo S, Sarro F, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez E. Assessment of the potential role of active vitamin D treatment in telomere length: a case-control study in hemodialysis patients. Clin Ther. 2012;34:849-856. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.02.016
60. Finkel T, Holbrook NJ. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature. 2000; 408: 239-247. doi: 10.1038/35041687
61. Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP, et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005; 366: 662-664. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66630-5
62. Nawrot TS, Staessen JA, Gardner JP, Aviv A. Telomere length and possible link to X chromosome. Lancet. 2004; 363: 507-510. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15535-9
63. Drapkina OM, Shepel RN. Physical inactivity is a disease of the century: physical inactivity as risk factor for diseases of the cardiovascular system and premature aging. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2015; 3: 53-58. Russian 

О.М. ДРАПКИНА1,2, Р.Н. ШЕПЕЛЬ1, В.В. ФОМИН2, А.А. СВИСТУНОВ2

1 ФГБУ «Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минздрава России,  Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России,  Москва, Россия

________________________________________________

O.M. DRAPKINA1,2, R.N. SHEPEL1, V.V. FOMIN2, А.А. СВИСТУНОВ2 

1 Federal State Institution "National Research Center for Preventive Medicine" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia