Системные васкулиты представляют собой неоднородную группу воспалительных заболеваний, которые классифицируют в зависимости от диаметра пораженных сосудов. Лечение системных васкулитов перестает быть эмпирическим благодаря увеличению количества рандомизированных клинических исследований, которые проводятся даже у пациентов с самыми редкими заболеваниями этой группы, такими как артериит Такаясу или эозинофильный гранулематоз с полиангиитом. В последние годы отмечается стремление ограничить кумулятивную дозу глюкокортикостероидов и токсичных иммуносупрессивных препаратов, в том числе за счет применения генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП), хотя последние не всегда превосходят стандартные средства по эффективности и/или безопасности и в большинстве случаев пока рассматриваются как препараты резерва. Необходимо учитывать, что ответ на лечение разными ГИБП отличается у пациентов с различными формами системных васкулитов, что создает основу для персонифицированной терапии этих заболеваний. Серьезную проблему представляет оценка показаний к интенсификации иммуносупрессивной терапии, особенно при васкулитах, поражающих крупные сосуды, в связи с недостаточной информативностью лабораторных маркеров воспаления. В статье рассматриваются современные подходы к лечению системных васкулитов, в том числе ассоциированных с антителами к цитоплазме нейтрофилов, гигантоклеточного артериита, артериита Такаясу и криоглобулинемического васкулита.
Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases, which are classified according to the diameter of the affected vessels. The treatment of systemic vasculitis is no longer empirical, because of increasing number of randomized clinical trials in this field. In recent years, there was a trend to limit the cumulative dose of glucocorticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, partially through biological drugs usage. However, biologic therapy is not always superior to combination of glucocorticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs. The efficacy of different biologic drugs varies in patients with different forms of systemic vasculitis, which creates the ground for personalized therapy of these diseases. Another serious problem is the absence of strict criteria to immunosuppressive therapy intensification, especially in vasculitis, affecting large vessels, due to the lack of reliable laboratory markers of disease activity. The article reviews modern approaches to the treatment of some types of systemic vasculitis, including ANCA-associated vasculitides, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu`s arteritis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.
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77. Groh M, Pagnoux C, Baldini C, et al. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (EGPA). Consensus Task Force recommendations for evaluation and management. European journal of internal medicine. 2015; 26(7):545-553. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim. 2015.04. 022
78. Puéchal X, Pagnoux C, Baron G, et al. Prevent relapses in patients with systemic necrotizing vasulitides without poor-prognosis factors? A multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled trial. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2016; 75(suppl 2):77. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6204
79. Moiseev S, Novikov P. Five Factor Score in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss; EGPA): to use or not to use? Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2014;73(3)e.12. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204809
80. Mohammad A, Hot A, Arndt F, et al. Rituximab for the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2016;75:396-401. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206095
81. Novikov P, Moiseev S, Smitienko I, Zagvozdkina E. Rituximab as induction therapy in relapsing eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A report of 6 cases. Joint, bone, spine. 2016;83(1):81-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.04.016
82. Novikov P, Moiseev S. Biologic therapy for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: comment on the article by Jachiet et al. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016; [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1002/art.40015
83. Jachiet M, Samson M, Cottin V, et al. Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody (Omalizumab) in Refractory and Relapsing Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): Data on Seventeen Patients. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, NJ). 2016; 68(9): 2274-2282. doi: 10.1002/art.39663
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75. Sinico R, Di Toma L, Maggiore U, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;52(9):2926-2935. doi: 10.1002/art.21250
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79. Moiseev S, Novikov P. Five Factor Score in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss; EGPA): to use or not to use? Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2014;73(3)e.12. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204809
80. Mohammad A, Hot A, Arndt F, et al. Rituximab for the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2016;75:396-401. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206095
81. Novikov P, Moiseev S, Smitienko I, Zagvozdkina E. Rituximab as induction therapy in relapsing eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A report of 6 cases. Joint, bone, spine. 2016;83(1):81-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.04.016
82. Novikov P, Moiseev S. Biologic therapy for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: comment on the article by Jachiet et al. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016; [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1002/art.40015
83. Jachiet M, Samson M, Cottin V, et al. Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody (Omalizumab) in Refractory and Relapsing Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): Data on Seventeen Patients. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, NJ). 2016; 68(9): 2274-2282. doi: 10.1002/art.39663
Авторы
П.И. НОВИКОВ1, А.С. ЗЫКОВА2, С.В. МОИСЕЕВ1,2
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава РФ, Москва, Россия;
2 МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия
________________________________________________
P.I. NOVIKOV1, A.S. ZYKOVA2, S.V. MOISEEV1, 2
1 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia