Цель исследования. Определить возможности своевременного лечения больных семейным аденоматозом толстой кишки (САТК) с сохранением удовлетворительного качества жизни. Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования послужили данные о 5 больных САТК и их 12 кровных родственниках. Проведен анализ клинических, эндоскопических, генетических особенностей заболевания и лечения.
Результаты. Исследование показало, что семейный анамнез, генетическое и эндоскопическое исследования позволяют установить диагноз САТК. Колэктомия с резекцией прямой кишки, формированием тонкокишечного резервуара с резервуароректальным анастомозом обеспечивает достаточное качество жизни пациентов. Обследование кровных родственников пациентов позволяет выявить новых больных, которым требуется дообследование и лечение. Заключение. Проблема САТК является мультидисциплинарной, и в ее решении задействованы врачи терапевты, гастроэнтерологи, педиатры, генетики, эндоскописты, рентгенологи, хирурги, онкологи. Только своевременно установленный диагноз поможет провести пациенту радикальное лечение, прежде чем разовьется рак толстой кишки.
The urgency of the problem of familial adenomatosis of the colon (FAC) is caused both by the severity of the disease with the inevitable development of cancer without timely treatment, and the involvement of the patient's blood relatives in this problem. Due to the rare incidence of this disease, many issues require discussion. Aim. To determine the possibility of timely treatment of FAC patients maintaining a satisfactory quality of life. Materials and methods. The data on 5 FAC patients and 12 their blood relatives were studied. Clinical, endoscopic and genetic characteristics of the disease and treatment were analyzed. Results. demonstrated that family history, genetic and endoscopic examinations allow diagnosis of FAC. Colectomy with rectal resection and the creation of a small intestine reservoir with reservoir-rectal anastomosis provide a sufficient quality of life for patients. Examination of the patient's blood relatives reveals new patients requiring additional examination and treatment. Conclusion. The problem of FAC is multidisciplinary and involves therapists, gastroenterologists, pediatricians, geneticists, endoscopists, radiologists, surgeons and oncologists. Only a timely diagnosis can help the patient to undergo radical treatment before the development of colon cancer.
Keywords: familial adenomatosis of the colon, examination, treatment.
Список литературы
1. Petersen GM, Slack J, Nakamura Y. Screening guidelines and premorbid diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis using linkage. Gastroenterology. 1991;100(6):1658-64.
2. Kastrinosand F, Syngal S. Inherited Colorectal Cancer Syndromes. Cancer J. 2011;17(6):405-15.
3. Talseth-Palmer BA. The genetic basis of colonic adenomatous polyposis syndromes. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2017 Mar 16;15:5.
doi: 10.1186/s13053-017-0065-x. eCollection 2017.
4. Brosens LA, van Hattem WA, Jansen M, et al. Gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes. Curr Mol Med. 2007;7(1):29-46.
5. Nielsen M, Hes FJ, Nagengast FM, et al. Germline mutations in APC and MUTYH are responsible for the majority of families with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis. Clin Genet. 2007;71:427-33.
6. Ефимова И.Ю., Тимошкина Н.Н., Солдаткина Н.В., Геворкян Ю.А., Водолажский Д.И. Молекулярная диагностика герминальных мутаций в гене АРС. В кн.: Сборник трудов IX Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Молекулярная диагностика 2017». Москва, 2017. Т.1. С.425-6 [Efimova IYu, Timoshkina NN, Soldatkina NV, Gevorkyan YuA, Vodolazhskiy DI. Molecular diagnostics of germinal mutations in the APC gene. In: Sbornik trudov IX Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Molekulyarnaya diagnostika 2017» [Collection of Proceedings of the 9th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation “Molecular Diagnostics 2017”]. Moscow, 2017. Vol. 1. P. 425-6 (In Russ.)].
7. Wachsmannova-Matelova L, Stevurkova V, Adamcikova Z, Holec V, Zajac V. Different phenotype manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis in families with APC mutation at codon 1309. Neoplasma. 2009;56(6):486-9.
8. Ripa R, Bisgaard ML, Bülow S, Nielsen FC. De novo mutations in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Eur J Hum Gen. 2002;10:631-63.
9. Kastrinosand F, Syngal S. Inherited Colorectal Cancer Syndromes. Cancer J. 2011;17(6):405-15.
10. Syngal S, Brand RE, Church JM, Giardiello FM, Hampel HL, Burt RW. ACG clinical guideline: Genetic testing and management of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(2): 223-62; quiz 263.
11. Stoffel EM, Mangu PB, Gruber SB, Hamilton SR, Kalady MF, Lau MW, Lu KH, Roach N, Limburg PJ. Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline endorsement of the familial risk-colorectal cancer: European Society for Medical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines.
J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(2):209-17.
12. Кит О.И., Геворкян Ю.А., Солдаткина Н.В. Современные возможности колопроктологии: трансанальная эндоскопическая хирургия. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016;25(4):86-91 [Kit OI, Gevorkyan YuA, Soldatkina NV. Modern options in coloproctology: transanal endoscopic surgery. Rossiiskii Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii, Koloproktologii = Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;25(4):86-91 (In Russ.)].
13. Тарасов В.А., Матишов Д.Г., Шин Е.Ф., Бойко Н.В., Тимошкина Н.Н., Махоткин М.А., Ломоносов А.М., Кирпий А.А., Кит О.И., Максимов А.Ю. Аберрантная экспрессия микроРНК при развитии злокачественных опухолей толстой кишки. Генетика. 2014;50(10):1232 [Tarasov VA, Matishov DG, Shin EF, Boyko NV, Timoshkina NN, Makhotkin MA, Lomonosov AM, Kirpiy AA, Kit OI, Maksimov AYu. Aberrant expression of microRNA in the development of malignant tumors of the colon. Genetika. 2014;50(10):1232 (In Russ.)].
________________________________________________
1. Petersen GM, Slack J, Nakamura Y. Screening guidelines and premorbid diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis using linkage. Gastroenterology. 1991;100(6):1658-64.
2. Kastrinosand F, Syngal S. Inherited Colorectal Cancer Syndromes. Cancer J. 2011;17(6):405-15.
3. Talseth-Palmer BA. The genetic basis of colonic adenomatous polyposis syndromes. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2017 Mar 16;15:5.
doi: 10.1186/s13053-017-0065-x. eCollection 2017.
4. Brosens LA, van Hattem WA, Jansen M, et al. Gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes. Curr Mol Med. 2007;7(1):29-46.
5. Nielsen M, Hes FJ, Nagengast FM, et al. Germline mutations in APC and MUTYH are responsible for the majority of families with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis. Clin Genet. 2007;71:427-33.
6. Efimova IYu, Timoshkina NN, Soldatkina NV, Gevorkyan YuA, Vodolazhskiy DI. Molecular diagnostics of germinal mutations in the APC gene. In: Sbornik trudov IX Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Molekulyarnaya diagnostika 2017» [Collection of Proceedings of the 9th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation “Molecular Diagnostics 2017”]. Moscow, 2017. Vol. 1. P. 425-6 (In Russ.)
7. Wachsmannova-Matelova L, Stevurkova V, Adamcikova Z, Holec V, Zajac V. Different phenotype manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis in families with APC mutation at codon 1309. Neoplasma. 2009;56(6):486-9.
8. Ripa R, Bisgaard ML, Bülow S, Nielsen FC. De novo mutations in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Eur J Hum Gen. 2002;10:631-63.
9. Kastrinosand F, Syngal S. Inherited Colorectal Cancer Syndromes. Cancer J. 2011;17(6):405-15.
10. Syngal S, Brand RE, Church JM, Giardiello FM, Hampel HL, Burt RW. ACG clinical guideline: Genetic testing and management of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(2): 223-62; quiz 263.
11. Stoffel EM, Mangu PB, Gruber SB, Hamilton SR, Kalady MF, Lau MW, Lu KH, Roach N, Limburg PJ. Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline endorsement of the familial risk-colorectal cancer: European Society for Medical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines.
J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(2):209-17.
12. Kit OI, Gevorkyan YuA, Soldatkina NV. Modern options in coloproctology: transanal endoscopic surgery. Rossiiskii Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii, Koloproktologii = Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;25(4):86-91 (In Russ.)
13. Tarasov VA, Matishov DG, Shin EF, Boyko NV, Timoshkina NN, Makhotkin MA, Lomonosov AM, Kirpiy AA, Kit OI, Maksimov AYu. Aberrant expression of microRNA in the development of malignant tumors of the colon. Genetika. 2014;50(10):1232 (In Russ.)