1. Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Мокрышева Н.Г., Рожинская Л.Я., Кузнецов Н.С., Пигарова Е.А., Воронкова И.А., Липатенкова А.К., Егшатян Л.В., Мамедова Е.О., Крупинова Ю.А. Первичный гиперпаратиреоз: клиника, диагностика, дифференциальная диагностика, методы лечения. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2016;62(6):40-77 [Dedov II, Melnichenko GA, Mokrysheva NG, Rozhinskaya LYa, Kusnezov NS, Pigarova EA, Voronkova IA, Lipatenkova AK, Egshatyan LV, Mamedova EO, Krupinova YuA. Primary hyperparathyroidism: the clinical picture, diagnostics, differential diagnostics, and methods of treatment. Problemy Endocrinologii. 2016;62(6):40-77 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14341/probl201662640-77
2. Калинин А.П. Хирургическая эндокринология. Санкт-Петербург: Питер; 2004. 960 с. [Kalinin AP. Khirurgicheskaya endokrinologiya [Surgical endocrinology]. St. Petersburg: Piter; 2004. 960 p. (In Russ.)].
3. Романчишен А.Ф. Хирургия щитовидной и околощитовидных желез. Санкт-Петербург: Вести; 2009. 648 с. [Romanchishen AF. Khirurgiya shchitovidnoi i okoloshchitovidnykh zhelez [Surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands]. St. Petersburg: Vesti; 2009. 648 p. (In Russ.)].
4. Голохвастов Н.Н. Гиперкальциемия. Первичный гиперпаратиреоз. Санкт-Петербург: Гиппократ; 2003. 136 с. [Golokhvastov NN. Giperkal'tsiemiya. Pervichnyi giperparatireoz [Hypercalcemia. Primary hyperparathyroidism]. St. Petersburg: Gippokrat; 2003. 136 p. (In Russ.)].
5. Rodgers SE, Hunter GJ, Hamberg LM, Schellingerhout D, 
Doherty DB, Ayers GD, et al. Improved preoperative planning for directed parathyroidectomy with 4-dimensional computed tomography. Surgery. 2006;140(6):932-41. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2006.07.028
6. Seeliger B, Alesina PF, Koch JA, Hinrichs J, Meier B, Walz MK. Diagnostic value and clinical impact of complementary CT scan prior to surgery for non-localized primary hyperparathyroidism. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2015;400(3):307-12. doi: 10.1007/s00423-015-1282-2
7. Hunter GJ, Schellingerhout D, Vu TH, Perrier ND, Hamberg LM. Accuracy of four-dimensional CT for the localization of abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Radiology. 2012;264(3):789-95. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12110852
8. Mortenson MM, Evans DB, Lee JE, Hunter GJ, Shellingerhout D, Vu T, Edeiken BS, Feng L, Perrier ND. Parathyroid exploration in the reoperative neck: improved preoperative localization with 4D-computed tomography. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206(5):888-95, discussion 895-886. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.044
9. Fitzgerald RT. CT Imaging for Parathyroid Disease. In: Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases. Springer International Publishing; 2017. P. 151-9.
10. Hoang JK, Sung WK, Bahl M, Phillips CD. How to perform parathyroid 4D CT: tips and traps for technique and interpretation. Radiology. 2014;270(1):15-24. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13122661
11. Weber AL, Randolph G, Aksoy FG. The thyroid and parathyroid glands: CT and MR imaging and correlation with pathology and clinical findings. Radiol Clin N Am. 2000;38(5):1105-29. doi: 10.1007/ s11604-006-0068-4
12. Carlson D. Parathyroid pathology: hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(11):1639-44. 
doi: 10.1043/2009-0578-CCR.1
13. Ruda JM, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC Jr. A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 
to 2003. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132(3):359-72. 
doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.005
14. Randall GJ, Zald PB, Cohen JI, Hamilton BE. Contrast-enhanced 
MDCT characteristics of parathyroid adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(2):139-43. doi: 10.2214/AJR.08.2098
15. Lumachi F, Zucchetta P, Varotto S, Polistina F, Favia G, D’Amico D. Noninvasive localization procedures in ectopic hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer. 1999;6(1):123-5. 
doi: 10.1677/erc.0.0060123
16. Udelsman R, Donovan PI. Remedial parathyroid surgery: changing trends in 130 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 2006;244(3):471-9. 
doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000234899.93328.30
17. Perrier ND, Edeiken B, Nunez R, Gayed I, Jimenez C, Busaidy N, Vu T. A novel nomenclature to classify parathyroid adenomas. World J Surg. 2009;33(3):412-6. doi: 10.1007/s00268-008-9894-0
18. Gafton AR, Glastonbury CM, Eastwood JD, Hoang JK. Parathyroid lesions: characterization with dual-phase arterial and venous enhanced CT of the neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33(5):949-52. 
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2885
19. Sackett WR, Reeve TS, Barraclough B, Delbridge L. Thyrothymic thyroid rests: incidence and relationship to the thyroid gland. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;195(5):635-40. doi: 10.1016 / S1072-7515 (02) 01319-4
20. Bahl M, Muzaffar M, Vij G, Sosa JA, Choudhury KR, Hoang JK. Prevalence of the polar vessel sign in parathyroid adenomas on the arterial phase of 4D CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;35(3):578-81. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3715
21. Shantz A, Castleman B. Parathyroid carcinoma: a study of 70 cases. Cancer. 1973;31(3):600-5. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197303)31:3<600:: AID-CNCR2820310316>3.0.CO;2-0
22. Sturniolo G, Gagliano E, Tonante A, Taranto F, Papalia E, Cascio R, Damiano C, Vermiglio F, Sturniolo G. Parathyroid carcinoma: case report. G Chir. 2013;34(5-6):170-2. doi: 10.11138/gchir/2013.34.5.170
23. Poeppel TD, Krause BJ, Heusner TA. PET/CT for the staging and follow-up of patients with malignancies. Eur J Radiol. 2009;70(3):382-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.03.051 
24. Мазуренко С.О., Шишкин А.Н., Енькин А.А. и др. Результаты многолетнего изучения показателей минеральной плотности костей у больных с терминальной стадией хронической болезни почек. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. 2006;11(4):17-33 [Mazurenko SO, Shishkin AN, Yen'kin AA, et al. Results of long-term study of bone mineral density in patients with end stage of Chronic kidney disease. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. 2006;11(4):17-33. (In Russ.)].
25. Khan A, Bilezikian J. Primary hyperparathyroidism: pathophysiology and impact on bone. CMAJ. 2000;163(2):184-7. 
26. Hamrahian M, Pitman KT, Csongrádi É, Bain JH, Kanyicska B, Fülöp T. Symmetrical craniofacial hypertrophy in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism and high-dose cinacalcet exposure. Hemodialysis Intern. 2012;16(4):571-6. doi: 0.1111/j.1542-4758.2012.00670.x
27. Pechalova PF, Poriazova EG. Brown tumor at the jaw in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure. Acta Med. 2013;56(2):83-6. doi: 10.14712/18059694.2014.29
28. Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А. Эндокринология. Национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009. С. 769-76 [Dedov II, Mel'nichenko GA, editors. Endokrinologiya. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo [Endocrinology. National Guidelines]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. P. 769-76. (In Russ.)].
29. Orejas G, Rey C, Vicente SG, et al. Maxillary brown tumor as manifestation of renal osteodystrophy. Nephron. 1993;64:483-4. doi: 10.1159/ 000187380
30. Fineman I, Johnson JP, Di-Patre PL, Sandhu H. Chronic renal failure causing brown tumors and myelopathy: Case report and review of pathophysiology and treatment. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(4):242-6. 
doi: 0.3171/spi.1999.90.2.0242
31. Selvi F, Cakarer S, Tanakol R, Guler SD, Keskin C. Brown tumour of the maxilla and mandible: a rare complication of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2009;38(1):53-8. 
doi: 10.1259/dmfr/81694583
32. Takeshita T, Takeshita K, Abe S, Takami H, Imamura T, Furui S. Brown tumor with fluid-fluid levels in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: radiological findings. Radiat Med. 2006;24(9):631-4. doi: 10.1007/s11604-006-0068-4
33. Благосклонная Я., Шляхто Е., Бабенко А. Эндокринология. Учебник для медицинских вузов. 3-е изд. Санкт-Петербург: СпецЛит; 2012. C. 197-9 [Blagosklonnaya Ya, Shlyakhto Ye, Babenko A. Endokrinologiya. Uchebnik dlya meditsinskikh vuzov [Endocrinology. Textbook for medical universities] 3rd ed. St. Petersburg: SpetsLit; 2012. P. 197-9 (In Russ.)].
34. Merz MN, Massich DD, Marsh W, Schuller DE. Hyperparathyroidism presenting as brown tumor of the maxilla. Am J Otolaryngol. 2002;23(3):173-6. doi: 10.1053/ajot.2002.123435
35. Райзер М., Баур-Мельник А., Гласер К. Лучевая диагностика. Костно-мышечная система. Москва: МЕДпресс-информ; 2011. 
С. 40-3 [Reiser M, Baur-Melnik A, Glaser K. Luchevaya diagnostika. Kostno-myshechnaya sistema [Direct diagnosis in Radiology. Musculoskeletal imaging]. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2011. P. 40-3 (In Russ.)].
36. Niemann T, Kollmann T, Bongartz G. Diagnostic performance of low-dose CT for the detection of urolithiasis: a meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(2):396-401. doi: 10.2214/AJR.07.3414
37. Stabile IA, Wolowiec A, Francioso G, Scardapane A, Rotondo A, Angelelli G. Benign and malignant gastric ulcer: CT findings. La Radiologia medica. 2000;102(1-2):32-6. 

________________________________________________

1.  [Dedov II, Melnichenko GA, Mokrysheva NG, Rozhinskaya LYa, Kusnezov NS, Pigarova EA, Voronkova IA, Lipatenkova AK, Egshatyan LV, Mamedova EO, Krupinova YuA. Primary hyperparathyroidism: the clinical picture, diagnostics, differential diagnostics, and methods of treatment. Problemy Endocrinologii. 2016;62(6):40-77 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14341/probl201662640-77
2. [Kalinin AP. Khirurgicheskaya endokrinologiya [Surgical endocrinology]. St. Petersburg: Piter; 2004. 960 p. (In Russ.)].
3. [Romanchishen AF. Khirurgiya shchitovidnoi i okoloshchitovidnykh zhelez [Surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands]. St. Petersburg: Vesti; 2009. 648 p. (In Russ.)].
4. [Golokhvastov NN. Giperkal'tsiemiya. Pervichnyi giperparatireoz [Hypercalcemia. Primary hyperparathyroidism]. St. Petersburg: Gippokrat; 2003. 136 p. (In Russ.)].
5. Rodgers SE, Hunter GJ, Hamberg LM, Schellingerhout D, 
Doherty DB, Ayers GD, et al. Improved preoperative planning for directed parathyroidectomy with 4-dimensional computed tomography. Surgery. 2006;140(6):932-41. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2006.07.028
6. Seeliger B, Alesina PF, Koch JA, Hinrichs J, Meier B, Walz MK. Diagnostic value and clinical impact of complementary CT scan prior to surgery for non-localized primary hyperparathyroidism. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2015;400(3):307-12. doi: 10.1007/s00423-015-1282-2
7. Hunter GJ, Schellingerhout D, Vu TH, Perrier ND, Hamberg LM. Accuracy of four-dimensional CT for the localization of abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Radiology. 2012;264(3):789-95. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12110852
8. Mortenson MM, Evans DB, Lee JE, Hunter GJ, Shellingerhout D, Vu T, Edeiken BS, Feng L, Perrier ND. Parathyroid exploration in the reoperative neck: improved preoperative localization with 4D-computed tomography. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206(5):888-95, discussion 895-886. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.044
9. Fitzgerald RT. CT Imaging for Parathyroid Disease. In: Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases. Springer International Publishing; 2017. P. 151-9.
10. Hoang JK, Sung WK, Bahl M, Phillips CD. How to perform parathyroid 4D CT: tips and traps for technique and interpretation. Radiology. 2014;270(1):15-24. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13122661
11. Weber AL, Randolph G, Aksoy FG. The thyroid and parathyroid glands: CT and MR imaging and correlation with pathology and clinical findings. Radiol Clin N Am. 2000;38(5):1105-29. doi: 10.1007/ s11604-006-0068-4
12. Carlson D. Parathyroid pathology: hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(11):1639-44. 
doi: 10.1043/2009-0578-CCR.1
13. Ruda JM, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC Jr. A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 
to 2003. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132(3):359-72. 
doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.005
14. Randall GJ, Zald PB, Cohen JI, Hamilton BE. Contrast-enhanced 
MDCT characteristics of parathyroid adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(2):139-43. doi: 10.2214/AJR.08.2098
15. Lumachi F, Zucchetta P, Varotto S, Polistina F, Favia G, D’Amico D. Noninvasive localization procedures in ectopic hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer. 1999;6(1):123-5. 
doi: 10.1677/erc.0.0060123
16. Udelsman R, Donovan PI. Remedial parathyroid surgery: changing trends in 130 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 2006;244(3):471-9. 
doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000234899.93328.30
17. Perrier ND, Edeiken B, Nunez R, Gayed I, Jimenez C, Busaidy N, Vu T. A novel nomenclature to classify parathyroid adenomas. World J Surg. 2009;33(3):412-6. doi: 10.1007/s00268-008-9894-0
18. Gafton AR, Glastonbury CM, Eastwood JD, Hoang JK. Parathyroid lesions: characterization with dual-phase arterial and venous enhanced CT of the neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33(5):949-52. 
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2885
19. Sackett WR, Reeve TS, Barraclough B, Delbridge L. Thyrothymic thyroid rests: incidence and relationship to the thyroid gland. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;195(5):635-40. doi: 10.1016 / S1072-7515 (02) 01319-4
20. Bahl M, Muzaffar M, Vij G, Sosa JA, Choudhury KR, Hoang JK. Prevalence of the polar vessel sign in parathyroid adenomas on the arterial phase of 4D CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;35(3):578-81. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3715
21. Shantz A, Castleman B. Parathyroid carcinoma: a study of 70 cases. Cancer. 1973;31(3):600-5. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197303)31:3<600:: AID-CNCR2820310316>3.0.CO;2-0
22. Sturniolo G, Gagliano E, Tonante A, Taranto F, Papalia E, Cascio R, Damiano C, Vermiglio F, Sturniolo G. Parathyroid carcinoma: case report. G Chir. 2013;34(5-6):170-2. doi: 10.11138/gchir/2013.34.5.170
23. Poeppel TD, Krause BJ, Heusner TA. PET/CT for the staging and follow-up of patients with malignancies. Eur J Radiol. 2009;70(3):382-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.03.051 
24. [Mazurenko SO, Shishkin AN, Yen'kin AA, et al. Results of long-term study of bone mineral density in patients with end stage of Chronic kidney disease. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. 2006;11(4):17-33. (In Russ.)].
25. Khan A, Bilezikian J. Primary hyperparathyroidism: pathophysiology and impact on bone. CMAJ. 2000;163(2):184-7. 
26. Hamrahian M, Pitman KT, Csongrádi É, Bain JH, Kanyicska B, Fülöp T. Symmetrical craniofacial hypertrophy in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism and high-dose cinacalcet exposure. Hemodialysis Intern. 2012;16(4):571-6. doi: 0.1111/j.1542-4758.2012.00670.x
27. Pechalova PF, Poriazova EG. Brown tumor at the jaw in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure. Acta Med. 2013;56(2):83-6. doi: 10.14712/18059694.2014.29
28. [Dedov II, Mel'nichenko GA, editors. Endokrinologiya. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo [Endocrinology. National Guidelines]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. P. 769-76. (In Russ.)].
29. Orejas G, Rey C, Vicente SG, et al. Maxillary brown tumor as manifestation of renal osteodystrophy. Nephron. 1993;64:483-4. doi: 10.1159/ 000187380
30. Fineman I, Johnson JP, Di-Patre PL, Sandhu H. Chronic renal failure causing brown tumors and myelopathy: Case report and review of pathophysiology and treatment. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(4):242-6. 
doi: 0.3171/spi.1999.90.2.0242
31. Selvi F, Cakarer S, Tanakol R, Guler SD, Keskin C. Brown tumour of the maxilla and mandible: a rare complication of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2009;38(1):53-8. 
doi: 10.1259/dmfr/81694583
32. Takeshita T, Takeshita K, Abe S, Takami H, Imamura T, Furui S. Brown tumor with fluid-fluid levels in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: radiological findings. Radiat Med. 2006;24(9):631-4. doi: 10.1007/s11604-006-0068-4
33. [Blagosklonnaya Ya, Shlyakhto Ye, Babenko A. Endokrinologiya. Uchebnik dlya meditsinskikh vuzov [Endocrinology. Textbook for medical universities] 3rd ed. St. Petersburg: SpetsLit; 2012. P. 197-9 (In Russ.)].
34. Merz MN, Massich DD, Marsh W, Schuller DE. Hyperparathyroidism presenting as brown tumor of the maxilla. Am J Otolaryngol. 2002;23(3):173-6. doi: 10.1053/ajot.2002.123435
35. [Reiser M, Baur-Melnik A, Glaser K. Luchevaya diagnostika. Kostno-myshechnaya sistema [Direct diagnosis in Radiology. Musculoskeletal imaging]. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2011. P. 40-3 (In Russ.)].
36. Niemann T, Kollmann T, Bongartz G. Diagnostic performance of low-dose CT for the detection of urolithiasis: a meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(2):396-401. doi: 10.2214/AJR.07.3414
37. Stabile IA, Wolowiec A, Francioso G, Scardapane A, Rotondo A, Angelelli G. Benign and malignant gastric ulcer: CT findings. La Radiologia medica. 2000;102(1-2):32-6. 

С.А. Бурякина 1,2, Н.В. Тарбаева 1,2, Н.Н. Волеводз 1, Л.Д. Ковалевич 1, Г.Г. Кармазановский 2 

1 ФГБУ«Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; 
2 ФГБУ «Институт хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия

________________________________________________

S.A. Buryakina 1,2, N.V. Tarbaeva 1,2, N.N. Volevodz 1, I.I. Dedov 1, L.D. Kovalevich 1, G.G. Karmazanovskiy 2

1 Russian Federal State Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 
2 A.v. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia