Диагностика IgG4-связанного офтальмологического заболевания в группе больных с различными поражениями глаз и области орбит
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Материалы и методы. За период 2004–2016 гг. у 108 (78,2%) из 138 больных диагностированы неопухолевые поражения глаз и его придатков. У 48 (35%) при поступлении и у 5 больных при динамическом наблюдении диагностировано IgG4-СОЗ. При анализе 82 (женщин 44, мужчин 38) больных с IgG4-связанным заболеванием (IgG4-СЗ), локализация поражений в области орбиты наблюдалась у 53 (женщин 36, мужчин 17) пациентов, и оно оказалось наиболее часто вовлеченным у больных с IgG4-СЗ (64,5%). Только 7 больных имели изолированное IgG4-COЗ, тогда как у 46 (87%) оно протекало с вовлечением в процесс от 2 до 7 локализаций, т.е. в рамках IgG4-системного связанного заболевания (IgG4-ССЗ). Средний возраст больных при обследовании с IgG4-СОЗ составил 47,5 лет (19–73 года) с медианой времени до постановки диагноза 52,8 мес до 2004 г. и 36 мес в 2004–2016 гг.
Результаты. IgG4-CОЗ в 64,5% случаев является наиболее распространенной локализацией при диагностике IgG4-CЗ. Отмечено преобладание лиц женского пола в соотношении 2:1 у больных IgG4-CОЗ. Отек век, заложенность носа (55–60%), опухолевидные образования верхних век и слезотечение превалировали в дебюте заболевания, тогда как функциональные нарушения: ограничение подвижности и боли в глазных яблоках, экзофтальм, птоз и диплопия появлялись позже у 15–38% пациентов, с потерей остроты зрения в одном случае. Двустороннее поражение (86%) с преимущественным поражением слезных желез (93,5%), инфильтрацией экстраокулярных мышц (83,5%) и ретробульбарной клетчатки с утолщением зрительного нерва у 1/3 больных являлись основными локализациями IgG4-СОЗ. Клинические проявления сопровождались появлением умеренной воспалительной активности (38%), повышением IgG (44%), фракции IgG4 (88%) и IgE (61%). Наличие показателей аутоиммунных нарушений определяли у 6–22% больных, чаще у больных с одновременным вовлечением слюнных желез. Выраженная лимфоплазмоцитарная инфильтрация (94%) с соотношением плазматических клеток (IgG4/IgG), секретирующих IgG4>40% (90%), c образованием выраженного фиброза (94%) и формированием фолликулов (71%) с умеренным количеством эозинофилов (34%) являлись основными морфологическими/иммуноморфологическими проявлениями IgG4-СОЗ. Признаки васкулита и облитерирующего флебита обнаруживали у незначительного количества больных.
Заключение. Определение повышенных уровней IgG4/IgE у больных с отеком, псевдотумором век, синуситом и увеличением пальпебральной доли слезной железы позволяет предположить наличие IgG4-CОЗ. Малоинвазивные инцизионные биопсии слезных желез или слюнных желез при сочетанном поражении с последующим морфологическим/иммуноморфологическим исследованием необходимо проводить для корректной постановки диагноза. Проведение диагностической орбитотомии в офтальмологических стационарах в таких случаях нецелесообразно, так как приводит к развитию сухого глаза. Массивная лимфоплазмоцитарная инфильтрация с обнаружением соотношения IgG4/IgG > 40%, выраженный фиброз в биопсированной ткани орбит или слюнных желез при сочетанном поражении являются обязательными для постановки диагноза IgG4-СОЗ.
Ключевые слова: иммуноглобулин G 4-го подкласса (IgG4), дакриоаденит, инфильтрация экстраокулярных мышц и век, ретробульбарная инфильтрация, поражение орбитального и ветвей тройничного нерва, связанное с IgG4 (IgG4-связанное офтальмологическое заболевание).
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Purpose of the study. To provide demographic, clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, radiological, morphological/ immunomorphological phenotype of IgG4-related ophthalmic diseases, which allowsmaking a differential diagnosis with granulomatous, autoimmune, inflammatory, endocrine and hematologic diseases affecting the eye and orbits.
Materials and methods. From 2004 to 2016 108 (78.2%) of the 138 patients were diagnosed with non-tumoral lesions of eye and orbits. In 48 patients (35%) at admission and 5 patients in the follow were diagnosed IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. In the analysis of 82 (f-44, m-38) patients with IgG4-related disease, localization of lesions in orbit observed in 53 (f-36, m-17) and it was the most frequent involvement in patients with IgG4-related disease (64.5%). Only 7 patients had isolated IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, whereas 46 patients (87%) had involvement of 2-7 locations, as a manifestation of IgG4-related systemic disease.During the examination, the average age of patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease was 47.5 years (19-73 years). Median time to diagnosis was 52.8 months before 2004 and 36 months 2004-2016.
Results. We noted the predominance of females in the ratio 2: 1 inthe group of patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. Edema of the eyelids, nasal congestion (55-60%), tumor-like formations of the upper eyelids and increased lacrimation prevailed at the onset of the disease, whereas such functional impairment like limited mobility and pain in eyeballs, exophthalmos, ptosis and diplopia appeared later at 15-38% with a loss visual acuity in one case. Bilateral lesion (86%), mainly affecting the lacrimal glands (93.5%), infiltration of the extraocular muscles (83.5%) and retrobulbar tissue with a thickening of the optic nerve in one third of patients were the main localizations IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. Clinical symptoms were accompanied by the appearance of moderate inflammatory activity (38%), increased levels IgG (44%), IgG4(88%) and IgE (61%). Indicators of autoimmune disorders observed in 6-22% of patients, most often in patients with simultaneous involvement of the salivary glands. Significant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (94%) with a ratio of plasma cells (IgG4/IgG) secreting IgG4> 40% (90%) with fibrosis formation (94%) and follicle formation (71%) with a moderate amount of eosinophils (34%) were the major morphological / immunomorphological manifestations of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. Signs of vasculitis and obliterative phlebitis were found in a small amount of patients.
Conclusion. Determination of elevated levels of IgG-4 / IgE in patients with edema, pseudotumor of the eyelid, sinusitis and increase of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland suggests the presence of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. Minimally invasive incisional biopsy of lacrimal glands and salivary glands followed by morphological / immunomorphological research is needed for the correct diagnosis. Diagnostic orbitotomy in ophthalmic hospitals in such cases is inexpedient, since it leads to the development of dry eye. Massive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with IgG4 / IgG ratio more than 40%, advanced fibrosis in biopsiesof the orbits tissue or salivary glands when combined lesions are required for the making the diagnosis of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.
Keywords: immunoglobulin G of 4-th subclass (IgG4), dacryoadenitis, infiltration of extraocular muscles and eyelids, retrobulbar infiltration, defeat of the orbital and trigeminal nerve branches associated with IgG4 (IgG4-related ophthalmic disease).
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1 ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой», Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова», Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней», Москва, Россия;
4 ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России», Москва, Россия;
5 ФГБУ «ГНЦ Минздрава России», Москва, Россия;
6 ГБОУ ВПО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава РФ, Москва, Россия
________________________________________________
V.I. Vasilyev 1, T.N. Safonova 3, E.V. Socol 1, N.A. Probatova 4, N.V. Kokosadze 4, A.I. Pavlovskaya 4, A.M. Kovrigina 5, S.G. Radenska-Lopovok 2, V.R. Gorodetsky 1, E.B. Rodionova 1, S.G. Palshina 1, E.N. Aleksandrova 1, N.S. Shornikova 1, I.V. Gaiduk 6
1 V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia;
2 I.M. Sechenova 1 Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
3 Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia;
4 N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia;
5 Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia;
6 A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia