Несовместимость матери и плода по тромбоцитарным аллоантигенам HPA-1a, -1b и -15 ‒ главные причины неонатальной аллоиммунной тромбоцитопении в России
Несовместимость матери и плода по тромбоцитарным аллоантигенам HPA-1a, -1b и -15 ‒ главные причины неонатальной аллоиммунной тромбоцитопении в России
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Аннотация
Цель работы. Исследование механизмов, лежащих в основе развития неонатальной аллоиммунной тромбоцитопении (НАИТ) в России.
Материалы и методы. Генетические полиморфизмы аллоантигенов тромбоцитов человека (Human Platelet Antigens, HPA) -1, -2, -3, -4, -5 и -15 определяли в 27 семьях, в которых родились дети с НАИТ. Для диагностики НАИТ использовали следующие критерии: 1) наличие тромбоцитопении у новорожденного; 2) отсутствие тромбоцитопении и повышенного количества тромбоцит-ассоциированных IgG у матери, 3) наличие в плазме /сыворотке матери антител, реагирующих с тромбоцитами отца. Генотипирование выявило наличие несовместимости по НРА аллоантигенам у 23 из 27 обследованных семей. В 16 (70%) из 23 семей обнаружены HPA-1 конфликты. В 8 случаях матери оказались гомозиготными носителями редкого НРА-1b аллеля, а в других 8 – НРА-1а аллеля, что явилось причиной несовместимости с НРА-1а и НРА-1b аллоантигенами плода/новорожденного. В 5 (22%) из 23 семей обнаружена несовместимость по HPA-15 (НРА-15а, n=2, и -15b, n=3), в 1 (4%) семье по НРА-5b и в 1 (4%) семье по НРА-3b аллоантигенам.
Заключение. Основными причинами НАИТ в России являются конфликты по НРА-1a и -1b, а вторыми по частоте ‒ конфликты по НРА-15 аллоантигенам.
Ключевые слова: тромбоциты, неонатальная аллоиммунная тромбоцитопения, аллоантигены тромбоцитов человека, российская популяция.
Materials and methods. Genetic polymorphisms of human platelet alloantigens (HPA) -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -15 were evaluated in 27 families having the newborns with NAIT. NAIT was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (1) newborn with thrombocytopenia; (2) mother with no thrombocytopenia and no increase of platelet associated IgG, (3) presence of antibodies reacting with paternal platelets in maternal plasma / serum. HPA genotyping revealed incompatibilities in 23 out of 27 tested families. In these 23 families HPA-1 conflicts were detected in 16 ones (70%). In 8 cases mothers were homozygous carriers of rare HPA-1b allele and in another 8 cases - of HPA-1a allele which cased incompatibilities with fetal HPA-1a and HPA-1b respectively. In 5 out of 23 families (22%) there were incompatibilities with fetal HPA-15 (HPA-15a, n=2 and HPA-15b, n=3), in 1 family - with HPA-5b (4%), and in 1 family – with HPA-3b (4%) alloantigens.
In conclusion the main causes of NAIT in Russia were HPA-1a and -1b conflicts and HPA-15 conflicts were the second frequent ones.
Keywords: platelets, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, human platelet alloantigens, Russian population.
Материалы и методы. Генетические полиморфизмы аллоантигенов тромбоцитов человека (Human Platelet Antigens, HPA) -1, -2, -3, -4, -5 и -15 определяли в 27 семьях, в которых родились дети с НАИТ. Для диагностики НАИТ использовали следующие критерии: 1) наличие тромбоцитопении у новорожденного; 2) отсутствие тромбоцитопении и повышенного количества тромбоцит-ассоциированных IgG у матери, 3) наличие в плазме /сыворотке матери антител, реагирующих с тромбоцитами отца. Генотипирование выявило наличие несовместимости по НРА аллоантигенам у 23 из 27 обследованных семей. В 16 (70%) из 23 семей обнаружены HPA-1 конфликты. В 8 случаях матери оказались гомозиготными носителями редкого НРА-1b аллеля, а в других 8 – НРА-1а аллеля, что явилось причиной несовместимости с НРА-1а и НРА-1b аллоантигенами плода/новорожденного. В 5 (22%) из 23 семей обнаружена несовместимость по HPA-15 (НРА-15а, n=2, и -15b, n=3), в 1 (4%) семье по НРА-5b и в 1 (4%) семье по НРА-3b аллоантигенам.
Заключение. Основными причинами НАИТ в России являются конфликты по НРА-1a и -1b, а вторыми по частоте ‒ конфликты по НРА-15 аллоантигенам.
Ключевые слова: тромбоциты, неонатальная аллоиммунная тромбоцитопения, аллоантигены тромбоцитов человека, российская популяция.
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. Genetic polymorphisms of human platelet alloantigens (HPA) -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -15 were evaluated in 27 families having the newborns with NAIT. NAIT was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (1) newborn with thrombocytopenia; (2) mother with no thrombocytopenia and no increase of platelet associated IgG, (3) presence of antibodies reacting with paternal platelets in maternal plasma / serum. HPA genotyping revealed incompatibilities in 23 out of 27 tested families. In these 23 families HPA-1 conflicts were detected in 16 ones (70%). In 8 cases mothers were homozygous carriers of rare HPA-1b allele and in another 8 cases - of HPA-1a allele which cased incompatibilities with fetal HPA-1a and HPA-1b respectively. In 5 out of 23 families (22%) there were incompatibilities with fetal HPA-15 (HPA-15a, n=2 and HPA-15b, n=3), in 1 family - with HPA-5b (4%), and in 1 family – with HPA-3b (4%) alloantigens.
In conclusion the main causes of NAIT in Russia were HPA-1a and -1b conflicts and HPA-15 conflicts were the second frequent ones.
Keywords: platelets, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, human platelet alloantigens, Russian population.
Список литературы
1. Roberts IAG, Chakravotny S. Thrombocytopenia in the newborn. In Platelets. Third Edition. (Michelson AD, editor). Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg et al. Elsivier. Academiv Press, 2013. P. 929-952. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300512
2. Bussel JB, Primiani A. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: progress and ongoing debates. Blood Reviews. 2008; 22: 33–52. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1346471
3. Zdravic D, Yougbare I, Vadasz B, Li C, Marshall AH, Chen P et al. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2016; 21: 19-27. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S90753
4. Curtis BR, McFarland JG. Human platelet antigens – 2013. Vox Sanguinis. 2014; 106:93-102. doi: 10.1111/vox.12085
5. Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kiefel V, Grubert A, Kroll H, Weisheit M, Schmidt S, Mueller-Eckhardt G, Santoso S. 348 cases of suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Lancet. 1989; 1 (8634): 363-366. doi: 10,1016/S0140-6736(89)91733-9
6. Ghevaert C, Campbell K, Walton J, Smith GA, Allen D, Williamson LM, Ouwehand WH, Ranasinghe E. Management and outcome of 200 cases of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion. 2007; 47: 901-910. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01208.
7. Ohto H, Miura S, Ariga H, Ishii T, Fujimori K, Morita S. The natural history of maternal immunization against foetal platelet alloantigens. Transfus Med. 2004; 14:399-408. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2004. 00535.x
8. Kuznetsov AI, Ivanov AL, Idelson LI, Mazurov AV. Different mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Eur J Haematol. 1992; 49: 113-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1992.tb00913.x
9. Khaspekova SG, Shustova ON, Golubeva NV, Vasiliev SA, Mazurov AV. Relationships of mean platelet volume and plasma thrombopoietin with glycocalicin levels in thrombocytopenic patients. Acta Haematologica. 2015; 133: 295-299. doi: 10.1159/000362531
10. Berry JE, Murphy CM, Smith GA, Ranasinghe E, Finberg R, Walton J, Brown J, Navarrete C, Metcalfe P, Ouwehandet WH. Detection of Gov system antibodies by MAIPA reveals an immunogenicity similar to the HPA-5 alloantigens. Br J Haematol. 2000; 110: 735-742. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02170.x
11. Ertel K, Al-Tawil M, Santoso S, Kroll H. Relevance of the HPA-15 (Gov) polymorphism on CD109 in alloimmune thrombocytopenic syndromes. Transfusion. 2005; 45: 366-373. doi: 10.1159/000092578
12. Golovkina LL, Makarik T, Sudarikov AB. Distribution of HPA-genes and genotypes in the population of Russian unrelated donors. Genes and Immunity. 2005; 6(Suppl 1): S22. Special Issue: Abstracts of the 19th European Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Conference. p. 36. doi: 10.1186/s40851-015-0013-4
13. Пчелина С.Н., Сироткина О.В., Шейдина А.М., Тараскина А.Е., Родыгина Т.И., Демина Е.П., Заботина А.М., Митупова М.И., Баженова Е.А., Беркович О.А., Шляхто Е.В., Шварцман А.Л., Шварц Е.И. Генетические факторы риска развития инфаркта миокарда у мужчин молодого возраста в северо-западном регионе России. Кардиология. 2007; 47. [Pchelina SN, Sirotkina OV, Shaidina AM, Taraskina AE, Rodygina TI, Demina EP, Zabotina AM, Mitupova MI, Bazhenova E .A., Berkovich OA, Shlyakhto EV, Shvartsman AL, Shvarts EI Genetic risk factors for the development of myocardial infarction in young men in the northwestern region of Russia. Cardiology. 2007; 47. (In Russ.)].
14. Golovkina LL, Atroshchenko G, Pushkina T. Immunogenetic parameters of HPA in Russian unrelated donors. Vox Sanguinis. 2010; 99 (Suppl):s2. Special Issue: Abstracts of the XIth European Symposium on Platelet and Granulocyte Immunobiology. p. 43.
15. Головкина Л.Л., Атрощенко Г.В., Пушкина Т.Д., Михайлова Е.А., Исаев В.Г. Распределение HPA-генов у больных и относительный риск аллоиммунизации при трансфузиях тромбоцитов. Трансфузиология. 2011; 12(2): 36-37. [Golovkina LL, Atroshchenko GV, Pushkina TD, Mikhailova EA, Isaev VG The distribution of HPA-genes in patients and the relative risk of alloimmunization in platelet transfusions. Transfusiology. 2011; 12 (2): 36-37. (In Russ.)].
16. Хамаганова Е.Г, Кузьминова Е.П., Чапова Р.С., Гапонова Т.В., Савченко В.Г. HLA-A*/B*C*/DRB1*/DQB1*-гены и гаплотипы у доноров костного мозга регистра ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» Минздрава России, самоопределившихся как русские. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2017; 62 (2): 65-70. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-071282 [Khamaganova EG, Kuzminova EP, Chapova RS, Gaponova TV, Savchenko VG HLA-A*/B*C*/ DRB1*/DQB1*-genes and haplotypes in bone marrow donors of the FGBU "Hematology Research Center" Register of the Ministry of Health of Russia, self-determined as Russians. Hematology and transfusiology. 2017; 62 (2): 65-70. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-071282
17. Golovkina LL, Pushkina TD, Mikhailova EA, Savchenko VG. Genetic risk factors in humoral immune response to platelet antigens HLA and HPA systems in multitransfused hematological patients. Haematologica. 2015; 100(Suppl): s1. Special Issue: Abstracts of the 20-th Congress of the European Hematology Association. p. 630. doi: 10.5581/1516-8484.20120043
18. Ikeda Y, Matsubara Y, Kamata T. Platelet immunology: structure, functions and polymorphism of membrane glycoproteins. In: Platelets in hematologic and cardiovascular disorders. (Gesele P, Fuster V, Lopez JA, Page CP, Vermylen J, ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008. P. 21–36. doi: 10.20471/apr.2017.53.01.04
2. Bussel JB, Primiani A. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: progress and ongoing debates. Blood Reviews. 2008; 22: 33–52. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1346471
3. Zdravic D, Yougbare I, Vadasz B, Li C, Marshall AH, Chen P et al. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2016; 21: 19-27. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S90753
4. Curtis BR, McFarland JG. Human platelet antigens – 2013. Vox Sanguinis. 2014; 106:93-102. doi: 10.1111/vox.12085
5. Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kiefel V, Grubert A, Kroll H, Weisheit M, Schmidt S, Mueller-Eckhardt G, Santoso S. 348 cases of suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Lancet. 1989; 1 (8634): 363-366. doi: 10,1016/S0140-6736(89)91733-9
6. Ghevaert C, Campbell K, Walton J, Smith GA, Allen D, Williamson LM, Ouwehand WH, Ranasinghe E. Management and outcome of 200 cases of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion. 2007; 47: 901-910. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01208.
7. Ohto H, Miura S, Ariga H, Ishii T, Fujimori K, Morita S. The natural history of maternal immunization against foetal platelet alloantigens. Transfus Med. 2004; 14:399-408. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2004. 00535.x
8. Kuznetsov AI, Ivanov AL, Idelson LI, Mazurov AV. Different mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Eur J Haematol. 1992; 49: 113-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1992.tb00913.x
9. Khaspekova SG, Shustova ON, Golubeva NV, Vasiliev SA, Mazurov AV. Relationships of mean platelet volume and plasma thrombopoietin with glycocalicin levels in thrombocytopenic patients. Acta Haematologica. 2015; 133: 295-299. doi: 10.1159/000362531
10. Berry JE, Murphy CM, Smith GA, Ranasinghe E, Finberg R, Walton J, Brown J, Navarrete C, Metcalfe P, Ouwehandet WH. Detection of Gov system antibodies by MAIPA reveals an immunogenicity similar to the HPA-5 alloantigens. Br J Haematol. 2000; 110: 735-742. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02170.x
11. Ertel K, Al-Tawil M, Santoso S, Kroll H. Relevance of the HPA-15 (Gov) polymorphism on CD109 in alloimmune thrombocytopenic syndromes. Transfusion. 2005; 45: 366-373. doi: 10.1159/000092578
12. Golovkina LL, Makarik T, Sudarikov AB. Distribution of HPA-genes and genotypes in the population of Russian unrelated donors. Genes and Immunity. 2005; 6(Suppl 1): S22. Special Issue: Abstracts of the 19th European Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Conference. p. 36. doi: 10.1186/s40851-015-0013-4
13. [Pchelina SN, Sirotkina OV, Shaidina AM, Taraskina AE, Rodygina TI, Demina EP, Zabotina AM, Mitupova MI, Bazhenova E .A., Berkovich OA, Shlyakhto EV, Shvartsman AL, Shvarts EI Genetic risk factors for the development of myocardial infarction in young men in the northwestern region of Russia. Cardiology. 2007; 47. (In Russ.)].
14. Golovkina LL, Atroshchenko G, Pushkina T. Immunogenetic parameters of HPA in Russian unrelated donors. Vox Sanguinis. 2010; 99 (Suppl):s2. Special Issue: Abstracts of the XIth European Symposium on Platelet and Granulocyte Immunobiology. p. 43.
15. [Golovkina LL, Atroshchenko GV, Pushkina TD, Mikhailova EA, Isaev VG The distribution of HPA-genes in patients and the relative risk of alloimmunization in platelet transfusions. Transfusiology. 2011; 12 (2): 36-37. (In Russ.)].
16. [Khamaganova EG, Kuzminova EP, Chapova RS, Gaponova TV, Savchenko VG HLA-A*/B*C*/ DRB1*/DQB1*-genes and haplotypes in bone marrow donors of the FGBU "Hematology Research Center" Register of the Ministry of Health of Russia, self-determined as Russians. Hematology and transfusiology. 2017; 62 (2): 65-70. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-071282
17. Golovkina LL, Pushkina TD, Mikhailova EA, Savchenko VG. Genetic risk factors in humoral immune response to platelet antigens HLA and HPA systems in multitransfused hematological patients. Haematologica. 2015; 100(Suppl): s1. Special Issue: Abstracts of the 20-th Congress of the European Hematology Association. p. 630. doi: 10.5581/1516-8484.20120043
18. Ikeda Y, Matsubara Y, Kamata T. Platelet immunology: structure, functions and polymorphism of membrane glycoproteins. In: Platelets in hematologic and cardiovascular disorders. (Gesele P, Fuster V, Lopez JA, Page CP, Vermylen J, ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008. P. 21–36. doi: 10.20471/apr.2017.53.01.04
2. Bussel JB, Primiani A. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: progress and ongoing debates. Blood Reviews. 2008; 22: 33–52. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1346471
3. Zdravic D, Yougbare I, Vadasz B, Li C, Marshall AH, Chen P et al. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2016; 21: 19-27. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S90753
4. Curtis BR, McFarland JG. Human platelet antigens – 2013. Vox Sanguinis. 2014; 106:93-102. doi: 10.1111/vox.12085
5. Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kiefel V, Grubert A, Kroll H, Weisheit M, Schmidt S, Mueller-Eckhardt G, Santoso S. 348 cases of suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Lancet. 1989; 1 (8634): 363-366. doi: 10,1016/S0140-6736(89)91733-9
6. Ghevaert C, Campbell K, Walton J, Smith GA, Allen D, Williamson LM, Ouwehand WH, Ranasinghe E. Management and outcome of 200 cases of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion. 2007; 47: 901-910. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01208.
7. Ohto H, Miura S, Ariga H, Ishii T, Fujimori K, Morita S. The natural history of maternal immunization against foetal platelet alloantigens. Transfus Med. 2004; 14:399-408. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2004. 00535.x
8. Kuznetsov AI, Ivanov AL, Idelson LI, Mazurov AV. Different mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Eur J Haematol. 1992; 49: 113-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1992.tb00913.x
9. Khaspekova SG, Shustova ON, Golubeva NV, Vasiliev SA, Mazurov AV. Relationships of mean platelet volume and plasma thrombopoietin with glycocalicin levels in thrombocytopenic patients. Acta Haematologica. 2015; 133: 295-299. doi: 10.1159/000362531
10. Berry JE, Murphy CM, Smith GA, Ranasinghe E, Finberg R, Walton J, Brown J, Navarrete C, Metcalfe P, Ouwehandet WH. Detection of Gov system antibodies by MAIPA reveals an immunogenicity similar to the HPA-5 alloantigens. Br J Haematol. 2000; 110: 735-742. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02170.x
11. Ertel K, Al-Tawil M, Santoso S, Kroll H. Relevance of the HPA-15 (Gov) polymorphism on CD109 in alloimmune thrombocytopenic syndromes. Transfusion. 2005; 45: 366-373. doi: 10.1159/000092578
12. Golovkina LL, Makarik T, Sudarikov AB. Distribution of HPA-genes and genotypes in the population of Russian unrelated donors. Genes and Immunity. 2005; 6(Suppl 1): S22. Special Issue: Abstracts of the 19th European Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Conference. p. 36. doi: 10.1186/s40851-015-0013-4
13. Пчелина С.Н., Сироткина О.В., Шейдина А.М., Тараскина А.Е., Родыгина Т.И., Демина Е.П., Заботина А.М., Митупова М.И., Баженова Е.А., Беркович О.А., Шляхто Е.В., Шварцман А.Л., Шварц Е.И. Генетические факторы риска развития инфаркта миокарда у мужчин молодого возраста в северо-западном регионе России. Кардиология. 2007; 47. [Pchelina SN, Sirotkina OV, Shaidina AM, Taraskina AE, Rodygina TI, Demina EP, Zabotina AM, Mitupova MI, Bazhenova E .A., Berkovich OA, Shlyakhto EV, Shvartsman AL, Shvarts EI Genetic risk factors for the development of myocardial infarction in young men in the northwestern region of Russia. Cardiology. 2007; 47. (In Russ.)].
14. Golovkina LL, Atroshchenko G, Pushkina T. Immunogenetic parameters of HPA in Russian unrelated donors. Vox Sanguinis. 2010; 99 (Suppl):s2. Special Issue: Abstracts of the XIth European Symposium on Platelet and Granulocyte Immunobiology. p. 43.
15. Головкина Л.Л., Атрощенко Г.В., Пушкина Т.Д., Михайлова Е.А., Исаев В.Г. Распределение HPA-генов у больных и относительный риск аллоиммунизации при трансфузиях тромбоцитов. Трансфузиология. 2011; 12(2): 36-37. [Golovkina LL, Atroshchenko GV, Pushkina TD, Mikhailova EA, Isaev VG The distribution of HPA-genes in patients and the relative risk of alloimmunization in platelet transfusions. Transfusiology. 2011; 12 (2): 36-37. (In Russ.)].
16. Хамаганова Е.Г, Кузьминова Е.П., Чапова Р.С., Гапонова Т.В., Савченко В.Г. HLA-A*/B*C*/DRB1*/DQB1*-гены и гаплотипы у доноров костного мозга регистра ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» Минздрава России, самоопределившихся как русские. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2017; 62 (2): 65-70. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-071282 [Khamaganova EG, Kuzminova EP, Chapova RS, Gaponova TV, Savchenko VG HLA-A*/B*C*/ DRB1*/DQB1*-genes and haplotypes in bone marrow donors of the FGBU "Hematology Research Center" Register of the Ministry of Health of Russia, self-determined as Russians. Hematology and transfusiology. 2017; 62 (2): 65-70. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-071282
17. Golovkina LL, Pushkina TD, Mikhailova EA, Savchenko VG. Genetic risk factors in humoral immune response to platelet antigens HLA and HPA systems in multitransfused hematological patients. Haematologica. 2015; 100(Suppl): s1. Special Issue: Abstracts of the 20-th Congress of the European Hematology Association. p. 630. doi: 10.5581/1516-8484.20120043
18. Ikeda Y, Matsubara Y, Kamata T. Platelet immunology: structure, functions and polymorphism of membrane glycoproteins. In: Platelets in hematologic and cardiovascular disorders. (Gesele P, Fuster V, Lopez JA, Page CP, Vermylen J, ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008. P. 21–36. doi: 10.20471/apr.2017.53.01.04
________________________________________________
2. Bussel JB, Primiani A. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: progress and ongoing debates. Blood Reviews. 2008; 22: 33–52. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1346471
3. Zdravic D, Yougbare I, Vadasz B, Li C, Marshall AH, Chen P et al. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2016; 21: 19-27. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S90753
4. Curtis BR, McFarland JG. Human platelet antigens – 2013. Vox Sanguinis. 2014; 106:93-102. doi: 10.1111/vox.12085
5. Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kiefel V, Grubert A, Kroll H, Weisheit M, Schmidt S, Mueller-Eckhardt G, Santoso S. 348 cases of suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Lancet. 1989; 1 (8634): 363-366. doi: 10,1016/S0140-6736(89)91733-9
6. Ghevaert C, Campbell K, Walton J, Smith GA, Allen D, Williamson LM, Ouwehand WH, Ranasinghe E. Management and outcome of 200 cases of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion. 2007; 47: 901-910. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01208.
7. Ohto H, Miura S, Ariga H, Ishii T, Fujimori K, Morita S. The natural history of maternal immunization against foetal platelet alloantigens. Transfus Med. 2004; 14:399-408. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2004. 00535.x
8. Kuznetsov AI, Ivanov AL, Idelson LI, Mazurov AV. Different mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Eur J Haematol. 1992; 49: 113-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1992.tb00913.x
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Авторы
С.Г. ХАСПЕКОВА 1, Л.Л. ГОЛОВКИНА 2, Е.К. ДОНЮШ 3, Н.В. ГОЛУБЕВА 1, О.Н. ШУСТОВА 1, А.В. МАЗУРОВ 1
1 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии Минздрава Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия;
2 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии Минздрава Российский Федерации, Москва, Россия;
3 Российская детская клиническая больница Минздрава Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия
1 National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia;
2 National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia;
3 Russian Pediatric Clinical Hospital, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
1 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии Минздрава Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия;
2 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии Минздрава Российский Федерации, Москва, Россия;
3 Российская детская клиническая больница Минздрава Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия
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1 National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia;
2 National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia;
3 Russian Pediatric Clinical Hospital, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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