Диффузная В-крупноклеточная лимфома (ДВККЛ) классифицируется по профилю экспрессии генов на подтипы: происходящий из герминальных клеток (GCB-ДВККЛ) и из активированных В-клеток (АВС-ДВККЛ), иммуногистохимически определяемый как негерминальный (non-GCB-ДВККЛ). Патогенетически АВС-ДВККЛ характеризуется активацией NF-κB и высокой экспрессией В-клеточного транскрипционного фактора IRF4/MUM1. Прогноз при АВС-ДВККЛ на терапии по схеме R-CHOP неблагоприятный. Леналидомид в комбинации с R-CHOP позволил улучшить результаты терапии больных АВС-ДВККЛ. Однако около 40% пациентов остаются резистентными к проводимой терапии. Мы представляем опыт терапии больного с генерализованной АВС-ДВККЛ по интенсивной программе R-mNHL-BFM-90 с леналидомидом.
Ключевые слова: диффузная В-крупноклеточная лимфома, ДВККЛ из активированных В-клеток, ДВККЛ из В-клеток герминального центра, иммуногистохимический подтип, коррелирующий с молекулярным подтипом АВС-ДВККЛ, трансплантация аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, леналидомид.
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is categorized by gene expression profiling into germinal center (GCB) and activated B-cell (ABC) subtype, also referred to as non–germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) by immunohistochemistry. ABC DLBCL is characterized by NF-κB pathway activation and high expression of IRF4/MUM1, a key transcription factor in B cell differentiation. Patients with ABC DLBCL have a significantly worse outcome when treated with standard chemotherapy (R-CHOP). Lenalidomide have shown activity in the ABC-DLBCL in combination with R-CHOP. But about 40% of patients remain resistant. We present the experience of treatment of a patient with generalized non-GCB-DLBCL using the intensive protocol R-mNHL-BFM-90 with lenalidomide.
1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW. (2008) WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, Revised 4th edn. IARC, Lyon, 2016.
2. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature. 2000; 403: 503-11.
3. Davis RE, Brown KD, Siebenlist U, Staudt LM. Constitutive nuclear factor kappa B activity is required for survival of activated B Cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells. J Exp Med. 2001; 194: 1861-74.
4. Davis RE, Ngo VN, Lenz G, Tolar P, Young RM, Romesser PB, Kohlhammer H, Lamy L, Zhao H, Yang Y et al. Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature. 2010; 463: 88-92.
5. Compagno M, Lim WK, Grunn A, Nandula SV, Brahmachary M, Shen Q, Bertoni F, Ponzoni M, Scandurra M, Califano A et al. Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-kappaB in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature. 2009; 459: 717-721.
6. Gaidano G, Carbone A. MUM1: a step ahead toward the understanding of lymphoma histogenesis. Leukemia. 2000 Apr; 14(4):563-6.
7. Iqbal J, Greiner TC, Patel K. Distinctive patterns of BCL6 molecular alterations and their functional consequences in different subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2007 November; 21(11):2332-2343.
8. Christine P. Hans, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Timothy C. Greiner, Randy D. Gascoyne, Jan Delabie, German Ott, H. Konrad Mu¨ller-Hermelink, Elias Campo, Rita M. Braziel, Elaine S. Jaffe, Zenggang Pan, Pedro Farinha, Lynette M. Smith, Brunangelo Falini, Alison H. Banham, Andreas Rosenwald, Louis M. Staudt, Joseph M. Connors, James O. Armitage, Wing C. Chan. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood. 2004 (January); 103(1).
9. Rosenwald A, Wright G, Chan WC et al. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346:1937-1947.
10. Visco C, Yan Li, Xu-Monette ZY, Miranda RN, Green TM, Yong Li, Tzankov A, Wei Wen, Wei-min Liu, Kahl BS, E.S.G.d’ Amore ESGd´, Montes-Moreno S, Dybkær K, Chiu A, Tam W, Orazi A, Youli Zu, Bhagat G, Winter JN, Wang Huan-You, O’Neill S, C.H. Dunphy CH, Hsi Eric D, Zhao X Frank, Go RS, Choi WWL, Zhou Fan, Czader M, Jiefeng Tong, Xiaoying Zhao, van Krieken J Han, Qing Huang, Weiyun Ai, Joan Etzell, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Piris MA, Møller MB, Bueso-Ramos CE, Medeiros LJ, Lin Wu, Young Ken H. Comprehensive gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical studies support application of immunophenotypic algorithm for molecular subtype classification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program Study. Leukemia. 2012 September; 26(9): 2103-2113.
11. Магомедова А.У., Кравченко С.К., Кременецкая A.M., Звонков Е.Е., Барях Е.А., Мангасарова Я.К., Капланская И.Б., Самойлова Р.С., Воробьев И.А., Обухова Т.Н., Карагюлян С.Р., Шулутко Е.М., Галстян Г.М., Марьин Д.С., Габеева Н.Г., Воробьев А.И., Девятилетний опыт лечения больных диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфосаркомой. Терапевтический архив. 2011; 83(7): 5-10. [Magomedova AU, Kravchenko SK, Kremenetskaya AM, Zvonkov EA, Baryakh EA, Mangasarova YaK, Kaplanskaya IB, Samoilova RS, Vorobiev IA, Obukhova TN, Karagyulyan SR, Shulutko EM, Galstyan GM, Maryin DS, Gabeeva NG, Vorobiev AI. Nine-year experience in the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphosarcoma. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2011; 83(7): 5-10. (In Russ.)].
12. Звонков ЕЕ, Морозова АК, Кравченко СК. Лечение взрослых больных первичной диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфосаркомой желудка по модифицированной программе NHL-BFM-90. Программное лечение заболеваний системы крови / Под ред. В.Г. Савченко, академика РАН. М.: Практика, 2012; Т. II: 659-678. [Zvonkov EE, Morozova AK, Kravchenco CK. Treatment of adults with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphosarcoma of the stomach according to the modified program NHL-BFM-90. Program treatment of diseases of the blood system. Under the editorship of V.G. Savchenko, M.: Praktica. 2012; V II: 659-678. (In Russ.)].
13. Магомедова А.У. Диффузная В-крупноклеточная лимфосаркома лимфоидных органов: клинические формы, лечение: дис. … д.м.н. М., 2008. [Magomedova AU. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of lymphoid system: clinic, diagnosis and treatment. Doctoral dissertation. Moscow, 2008. (In Russ.)].
14. Tarella C, Zanni M, Di Nicola M, Patti C, Calvi R, Pescarollo A, Zoli V, Fornari A, Novero D, Cabras A, Stella M, Comino A, Remotti D, Ponzoni M, Caracciolo D, Ladetto M, Magni M, Devizzi L, Rosato R, Boccadoro M, Bregni M, Corradini P, Gallamini A, Majolino I, Mirto S, Gianni AM. Prolonged survival in poor-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following front-line treatment with rituximab-supplemented, early-intensified chemotherapy with multiple autologous hematopoietic stem cell support: a multicenter study by GITIL (Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innovative nei Linfomi). Leukemia. 2007 Aug; 21(8):1802-11.
15. Nowakowski GS, LaPlant B, Macon WR, Reeder CB, Foran JM, Nelson GD, Thompson CA, Rivera CE, Inwards DJ, Micallef IN, Johnston PB, Porrata LF, Ansell SM, Gascoyne RD, Habermann TM, Witzig TE. Lenalidomide Combined With R-CHOP Overcomes Negative Prognostic Impact of Non–Germinal Center B-Cel Phenotype in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase II Study. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33:251-257.
16. Pfreundschuh M, Schubert J, Ziepert M et al. Six versus eight cycles of biweekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20 B-cell lymphomas: A randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60). Lancet Oncol. 2008; 9:105-116.
17. Cunningham D, Hawkes EA, Jack A et al. Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A phase 3 comparison of dose intensification with 14-day versus 21-day cycles. Lancet. 2013; 381:1817-1826.
18. Delarue R, Tilly H, Mounier N et al. Dose-dense rituximab-CHOP compared with standard rituximab-CHOP in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (the LNH03-6B study): A randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14:525-533.
19. Shipp MA, Neuberg D, Janicek M et al. High-dose CHOP as initial therapy for patients with poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: A dose-finding pilot study. J Clin Oncol. 1995; 13:2916-2923.
20. Wilson WH, sin-Ho J, Pitcher BN et al: Phase III randomized study of R-CHOP versus DA-EPOCH-R and molecular analysis of untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: CALGB/Alliance 50303. Blood. 2016; 128(22): 469.
21. Greb A, Bohlius J, Schiefer D et al. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in the first line treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23; (1): CD004024.
22. Patrick J, Stiff MD, Joseph M, Unger PhD, James R, Cook MD, Louis S. Constine MD, Stephen Couban, Douglas A. Stewart MD, Thomas C. Shea MD, Pierluigi Porcu, Jane N. Winter MD, Brad S. Kahl MD, Thomas P. Miller MD, Raymond R. Tubbs DO, Deborah Marcellus, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Kevin P. Barton, Glenn M. Mills, M.D., Michael LeBlanc, Ph.D., Lisa M. Rimsza, M.D., Stephen J. Forman, M.D., and Richard I. Fisher, M.D. Autologous Transplantation as Consolidation for Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369:1681-1690.
23. Christian Récher, Bertrand Coiffi er, Corinne Haioun, Thierry Jo Molina, Christophe Fermé, Olivier Casasnovas, Catherine Thiéblemont, André Bosly,Guy Laurent, Franck Morschhauser, Hervé Ghesquières, Fabrice Jardin, Serge Bologna, Christophe Fruchart, Bernadette Corront, Jean Gabarre,Christophe Bonnet, Maud Janvier, Danielle Canioni, Jean-Philippe Jais, Gilles Salles, Hervé Tilly, for the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte. Intensified chemotherapy with ACVBP plus rituximab versus standard CHOP plus rituximab for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LNH03-2B): an open-label randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1858-67.
24. Oki Y1, Westin JR, Vega F, Chuang H, Fowler N, Neelapu S, Hagemeister FB, McLaughlin P, Kwak LW, Romaguera JE, Fanale M, Younes A, Rodriguez MA, Orlowski RZ, Wang M, Ouzounian ST, Samaniego F, Fayad L. Prospective phase II study of rituximab with alternating cycles of hyper-CVAD and high-dose methotrexate with cytarabine for young patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2013 Dec;163(5):611-20.
25. Fitoussi O, Belhadj K, Mounier N, Parrens M, Tilly H, Salles G, Feugier P, Ferme C, Ysebaert L, Gabarre J, Herbrecht R, Janvier M, Van Den Neste E, Morschhauser F, Casasnovas O, Ghesquieres H, Anglaret B, Brechignac S, Haioun C, Gisselbrecht C. Survival impact of rituximab combined with ACVBP and upfront consolidation autotransplantation in high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma for GELA. Haematologica. 2011; 96(8).
26. Chang DH, Liu N, Klimek V et al. Enhancement of ligand-dependent activation of human natural killer T cells by lenalidomide: Therapeutic implications. Blood. 2006;108:618-621.
27. Ito T, Ando H, Suzuki T, Ogura T, Hotta K, Imamura Y et al. Identification of a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity. Science. 2010; 327.
28. Yang Y, Shaffer AL 3rd, Emre NC et al: Exploiting synthetic lethality for the therapy of ABC diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell. 2012; 21:723-737.
29. Wiernik PH, Lossos IS, Tuscano JM et al. Lenalidomide monotherapy in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26:4952-4957.
30. Witzig TE, Vose JM, Zinzani PL et al. An International Phase II trial of single-agent lenalidomide for relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2011; 22:1622-1627.
31. Ivanov V, Tabouret E, Chuto G et al. Rituximab-lenalidomide-dexamethasone induces complete and durable remission in relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2010; 51:1758-1760.
32. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Deeb G, Zinzani PL, Pileri SA, Malik F, Macon WR, Goy A, Witzig TE, Czuczman MS. Higher response to lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in nongerminal center B-cell-like than in germinal center B-cell-like phenotype. Cancer. 2011 Nov 15;117(22):5058-66.
33. Zonder JA, Crowley J, Hussein MA et al. Lenalidomide and high-dose dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone as initial therapy for multiple myeloma: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group trial (S0232). Blood. 2010;116(26):5838-5841.
34. Popat U, Saliba R, Thandi R et al. Impairment of filgrastim induced stem cell mobilization after prior lenalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15:718-723.
________________________________________________
1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW. (2008) WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, Revised 4th edn. IARC, Lyon, 2016.
2. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature. 2000; 403: 503-11.
3. Davis RE, Brown KD, Siebenlist U, Staudt LM. Constitutive nuclear factor kappa B activity is required for survival of activated B Cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells. J Exp Med. 2001; 194: 1861-74.
4. Davis RE, Ngo VN, Lenz G, Tolar P, Young RM, Romesser PB, Kohlhammer H, Lamy L, Zhao H, Yang Y et al. Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature. 2010; 463: 88-92.
5. Compagno M, Lim WK, Grunn A, Nandula SV, Brahmachary M, Shen Q, Bertoni F, Ponzoni M, Scandurra M, Califano A et al. Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-kappaB in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature. 2009; 459: 717-721.
6. Gaidano G, Carbone A. MUM1: a step ahead toward the understanding of lymphoma histogenesis. Leukemia. 2000 Apr; 14(4):563-6.
7. Iqbal J, Greiner TC, Patel K. Distinctive patterns of BCL6 molecular alterations and their functional consequences in different subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2007 November; 21(11):2332-2343.
8. Christine P. Hans, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Timothy C. Greiner, Randy D. Gascoyne, Jan Delabie, German Ott, H. Konrad Mu¨ller-Hermelink, Elias Campo, Rita M. Braziel, Elaine S. Jaffe, Zenggang Pan, Pedro Farinha, Lynette M. Smith, Brunangelo Falini, Alison H. Banham, Andreas Rosenwald, Louis M. Staudt, Joseph M. Connors, James O. Armitage, Wing C. Chan. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood. 2004 (January); 103(1).
9. Rosenwald A, Wright G, Chan WC et al. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346:1937-1947.
10. Visco C, Yan Li, Xu-Monette ZY, Miranda RN, Green TM, Yong Li, Tzankov A, Wei Wen, Wei-min Liu, Kahl BS, E.S.G.d’ Amore ESGd´, Montes-Moreno S, Dybkær K, Chiu A, Tam W, Orazi A, Youli Zu, Bhagat G, Winter JN, Wang Huan-You, O’Neill S, C.H. Dunphy CH, Hsi Eric D, Zhao X Frank, Go RS, Choi WWL, Zhou Fan, Czader M, Jiefeng Tong, Xiaoying Zhao, van Krieken J Han, Qing Huang, Weiyun Ai, Joan Etzell, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Piris MA, Møller MB, Bueso-Ramos CE, Medeiros LJ, Lin Wu, Young Ken H. Comprehensive gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical studies support application of immunophenotypic algorithm for molecular subtype classification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program Study. Leukemia. 2012 September; 26(9): 2103-2113.
11. [Magomedova AU, Kravchenko SK, Kremenetskaya AM, Zvonkov EA, Baryakh EA, Mangasarova YaK, Kaplanskaya IB, Samoilova RS, Vorobiev IA, Obukhova TN, Karagyulyan SR, Shulutko EM, Galstyan GM, Maryin DS, Gabeeva NG, Vorobiev AI. Nine-year experience in the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphosarcoma. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2011; 83(7): 5-10. (In Russ.)].
12. [Zvonkov EE, Morozova AK, Kravchenco CK. Treatment of adults with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphosarcoma of the stomach according to the modified program NHL-BFM-90. Program treatment of diseases of the blood system. Under the editorship of V.G. Savchenko, M.: Praktica. 2012; V II: 659-678. (In Russ.)].
13. [Magomedova AU. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of lymphoid system: clinic, diagnosis and treatment. Doctoral dissertation. Moscow, 2008. (In Russ.)].
14. Tarella C, Zanni M, Di Nicola M, Patti C, Calvi R, Pescarollo A, Zoli V, Fornari A, Novero D, Cabras A, Stella M, Comino A, Remotti D, Ponzoni M, Caracciolo D, Ladetto M, Magni M, Devizzi L, Rosato R, Boccadoro M, Bregni M, Corradini P, Gallamini A, Majolino I, Mirto S, Gianni AM. Prolonged survival in poor-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following front-line treatment with rituximab-supplemented, early-intensified chemotherapy with multiple autologous hematopoietic stem cell support: a multicenter study by GITIL (Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innovative nei Linfomi). Leukemia. 2007 Aug; 21(8):1802-11.
15. Nowakowski GS, LaPlant B, Macon WR, Reeder CB, Foran JM, Nelson GD, Thompson CA, Rivera CE, Inwards DJ, Micallef IN, Johnston PB, Porrata LF, Ansell SM, Gascoyne RD, Habermann TM, Witzig TE. Lenalidomide Combined With R-CHOP Overcomes Negative Prognostic Impact of Non–Germinal Center B-Cel Phenotype in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase II Study. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33:251-257.
16. Pfreundschuh M, Schubert J, Ziepert M et al. Six versus eight cycles of biweekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20 B-cell lymphomas: A randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60). Lancet Oncol. 2008; 9:105-116.
17. Cunningham D, Hawkes EA, Jack A et al. Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A phase 3 comparison of dose intensification with 14-day versus 21-day cycles. Lancet. 2013; 381:1817-1826.
18. Delarue R, Tilly H, Mounier N et al. Dose-dense rituximab-CHOP compared with standard rituximab-CHOP in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (the LNH03-6B study): A randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14:525-533.
19. Shipp MA, Neuberg D, Janicek M et al. High-dose CHOP as initial therapy for patients with poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: A dose-finding pilot study. J Clin Oncol. 1995; 13:2916-2923.
20. Wilson WH, sin-Ho J, Pitcher BN et al: Phase III randomized study of R-CHOP versus DA-EPOCH-R and molecular analysis of untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: CALGB/Alliance 50303. Blood. 2016; 128(22): 469.
21. Greb A, Bohlius J, Schiefer D et al. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in the first line treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23; (1): CD004024.
22. Patrick J, Stiff MD, Joseph M, Unger PhD, James R, Cook MD, Louis S. Constine MD, Stephen Couban, Douglas A. Stewart MD, Thomas C. Shea MD, Pierluigi Porcu, Jane N. Winter MD, Brad S. Kahl MD, Thomas P. Miller MD, Raymond R. Tubbs DO, Deborah Marcellus, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Kevin P. Barton, Glenn M. Mills, M.D., Michael LeBlanc, Ph.D., Lisa M. Rimsza, M.D., Stephen J. Forman, M.D., and Richard I. Fisher, M.D. Autologous Transplantation as Consolidation for Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369:1681-1690.
23. Christian Récher, Bertrand Coiffi er, Corinne Haioun, Thierry Jo Molina, Christophe Fermé, Olivier Casasnovas, Catherine Thiéblemont, André Bosly,Guy Laurent, Franck Morschhauser, Hervé Ghesquières, Fabrice Jardin, Serge Bologna, Christophe Fruchart, Bernadette Corront, Jean Gabarre,Christophe Bonnet, Maud Janvier, Danielle Canioni, Jean-Philippe Jais, Gilles Salles, Hervé Tilly, for the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte. Intensified chemotherapy with ACVBP plus rituximab versus standard CHOP plus rituximab for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LNH03-2B): an open-label randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1858-67.
24. Oki Y1, Westin JR, Vega F, Chuang H, Fowler N, Neelapu S, Hagemeister FB, McLaughlin P, Kwak LW, Romaguera JE, Fanale M, Younes A, Rodriguez MA, Orlowski RZ, Wang M, Ouzounian ST, Samaniego F, Fayad L. Prospective phase II study of rituximab with alternating cycles of hyper-CVAD and high-dose methotrexate with cytarabine for young patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2013 Dec;163(5):611-20.
25. Fitoussi O, Belhadj K, Mounier N, Parrens M, Tilly H, Salles G, Feugier P, Ferme C, Ysebaert L, Gabarre J, Herbrecht R, Janvier M, Van Den Neste E, Morschhauser F, Casasnovas O, Ghesquieres H, Anglaret B, Brechignac S, Haioun C, Gisselbrecht C. Survival impact of rituximab combined with ACVBP and upfront consolidation autotransplantation in high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma for GELA. Haematologica. 2011; 96(8).
26. Chang DH, Liu N, Klimek V et al. Enhancement of ligand-dependent activation of human natural killer T cells by lenalidomide: Therapeutic implications. Blood. 2006;108:618-621.
27. Ito T, Ando H, Suzuki T, Ogura T, Hotta K, Imamura Y et al. Identification of a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity. Science. 2010; 327.
28. Yang Y, Shaffer AL 3rd, Emre NC et al: Exploiting synthetic lethality for the therapy of ABC diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell. 2012; 21:723-737.
29. Wiernik PH, Lossos IS, Tuscano JM et al. Lenalidomide monotherapy in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26:4952-4957.
30. Witzig TE, Vose JM, Zinzani PL et al. An International Phase II trial of single-agent lenalidomide for relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2011; 22:1622-1627.
31. Ivanov V, Tabouret E, Chuto G et al. Rituximab-lenalidomide-dexamethasone induces complete and durable remission in relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2010; 51:1758-1760.
32. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Deeb G, Zinzani PL, Pileri SA, Malik F, Macon WR, Goy A, Witzig TE, Czuczman MS. Higher response to lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in nongerminal center B-cell-like than in germinal center B-cell-like phenotype. Cancer. 2011 Nov 15;117(22):5058-66.
33. Zonder JA, Crowley J, Hussein MA et al. Lenalidomide and high-dose dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone as initial therapy for multiple myeloma: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group trial (S0232). Blood. 2010;116(26):5838-5841.
34. Popat U, Saliba R, Thandi R et al. Impairment of filgrastim induced stem cell mobilization after prior lenalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15:718-723.