Предупреждение интраоперационного повреждения миокарда как результат фармакологического прекондиционирования пероральной формой препарата никорандил у пациентов со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца, направленных на плановое чрескожное коронарное вмеш
Предупреждение интраоперационного повреждения миокарда как результат фармакологического прекондиционирования пероральной формой препарата никорандил у пациентов со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца, направленных на плановое чрескожное коронарное вмеш
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Аннотация
Цель. Доказать эффективность применения метода фармакологического прекондиционирования, вызванного пероральной формой никорандила, у больных со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) во время проведения планового чрескожного коронарного вмешательства (ЧКВ).
Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 88 пациентов со стабильной формой ИБС, направленные на плановое ЧКВ. Для достижения слепой рандомизации выбран метод конвертов. Исследователями сформировано 2 группы наблюдения: 45 пациентов в группе 1 – принимали никорандил (Кординик, компания ПИК-ФАРМА, Россия) (основная группа), и 43 пациента в группе 2 – принимали стандартную терапию (группа сравнения). Прием базовой антиангинальной терапии: бета-адреноблокаторов, антагонистов кальция, ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента/блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина II, статинов, ацетилсалициловой кислоты, блокаторов P2Y12 рецепторов тромбоцитов, допускался в обеих группах. Пациентам второй группы допускалось назначение пролонгированной формы нитратов до проведения ЧКВ. Пациенты из группы никорандила получали препарат за 2 сут и за сутки до операции в дозе 30 мг/сут, за 2 ч до ЧКВ – дополнительно 20 мг, по истечении 6 ч после ЧКВ – дополнительно 10 мг никорандила. В качестве биомаркеров необратимого повреждения миокарда использовали высокочувствительный тропонин (вч-Тр) и креатинфосфокиназу МВ-фракции (КФК-МВ), анализ которых проводился до ЧКВ и после проведения операции через 24 ч.
Результаты. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о достоверном повышении вч-Тр через 24 ч у пациентов, не принимавших никорандил (117 нг/л) по сравнению с таковым в группе никорандила (73 нг/л), p=0,04. Отмечаются достоверные различия в отношении прироста вч-Тр через 24 ч в группе контроля: он оказался выше (112 нг/л), чем в группе никорандила (67 нг/л), p=0,03. Также зарегистрировано достоверное снижение КФК-МВ через 24 ч в группе исследования (2,7 мкг/л) по сравнению с группой контроля (2,0 нг/л), p=0,008. Также в группе никорандила достоверно (p=0,03) реже (в 62% случаев против 85% случаев в контрольной группе) наблюдались превышения уровней вч-Тр за пределы пороговых значений верхней границы нормы.
Заключение. Предупреждение осложнений чрескожной реваскуляризации миокарда должно рассматриваться в том числе с позиции поиска оптимальной фармакологической поддержки. Назначение никорандила в пероральной форме (Кординик, компания ПИК-ФАРМА, Россия) за 2 сут и сутки до ЧКВ 30 мг/сут, в день ЧКВ – 20 мг за 2 ч до операции и 10 мг – спустя 6 ч после нее снижает риск интраоперационного повреждения миокарда. Полученные данные позволяют расширить показания к назначению никорандила в стратегии медикаментозного сопровождения ЧКВ у больных стабильной ИБС.
Ключевые слова: фармакологическое прекондиционирование, никорандил, открыватель калиевых каналов, чрескожные коронарные вмешательства, кардиоферменты.
Materials and methods. We included 88 patients with a stable form of CHD, who were going to pass the elective PCI, in the study. As the method of blind randomization envelope method was used. There were formed two groups or patients: the first group involved 45 patients – were treated with nicorandil (Cordinic, PIQ-FHARMA LLC) (the main group) the other group included 43 patients who were treated by the standard therapy (the comparison group). The basic antianginal therapy was allowed to use in both groups: beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, ATE inhibitors / angiotensin II receptor blockers, statins, acetylsalicylic acid, blockers of P2Y12 receptor platelets. The admission of prolonged form of nitrates before the PCI was allowed in the second group. Patients from the 1st group were to take nicorandil 2 days and 1 day before the PCI at the 30 mg/day dose, then 20 mg orally 2 hours just before PCI, and one more time 6 hours after the PCI – 10 mg nicorandil. Highly sensitive troponin (HS-Tp) as a biomarker of irreversible damage to the myocardium was evaluated before PCI and after PCI in 24 hours. Were used highly sensitive troponin (HF-Tr) and creatine phosphokinase-MB as an irreversible myocardial damage biomarkers. The analysis of which was conducted before PCI and 24 hours after the surgery.
Results. The obtained data shows the significant differences of an increase in hs-Tp in 24 hours after PCI in patients with no admission of nicorandil (117 ng/l) as compared with the nicorandil group (73 ng/l), p = 0.04. There were significant differences in the 24 hours increment in hs-Tp in the control group, it was higher (112 ng/l) than in the nicorandil group (67 ng/l), p = 0.03. There was also a significant decrease in CK-MB after 24 hours in the nicorandil group (2.7 ng/L) compared to the control group (2.0 ng/L), p = 0.008. Also the frequency of the troponin increase above the UNL(upper normal level) in the nicorandal group, was significantly (p = 0.03) lower (in 62% of cases compared to 85% of the control group).
Conclusion. The prevention of the complications during the percutaneous myocardial revascularization should be considered with the position of the most suitable pharmacological support. The appointment of the oral form of nicorandil (Cordinic, PIQ-FHARMA LLC) for 2 days and 1 day before PCI 30 mg/day, then 20 mg 2 hours before the PCI and 10 mg after 6 hours after the surgery reduces the risk of intraoperative myocardial damage. The obtained data give an opportunity to extend the indications for nicorandil's appointment in the drug support during PCI in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Keywords: pharmacological preconditioning, nicorandil, potassium channel openers, percutaneous coronary interventions, cardioenzymes.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 88 пациентов со стабильной формой ИБС, направленные на плановое ЧКВ. Для достижения слепой рандомизации выбран метод конвертов. Исследователями сформировано 2 группы наблюдения: 45 пациентов в группе 1 – принимали никорандил (Кординик, компания ПИК-ФАРМА, Россия) (основная группа), и 43 пациента в группе 2 – принимали стандартную терапию (группа сравнения). Прием базовой антиангинальной терапии: бета-адреноблокаторов, антагонистов кальция, ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента/блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина II, статинов, ацетилсалициловой кислоты, блокаторов P2Y12 рецепторов тромбоцитов, допускался в обеих группах. Пациентам второй группы допускалось назначение пролонгированной формы нитратов до проведения ЧКВ. Пациенты из группы никорандила получали препарат за 2 сут и за сутки до операции в дозе 30 мг/сут, за 2 ч до ЧКВ – дополнительно 20 мг, по истечении 6 ч после ЧКВ – дополнительно 10 мг никорандила. В качестве биомаркеров необратимого повреждения миокарда использовали высокочувствительный тропонин (вч-Тр) и креатинфосфокиназу МВ-фракции (КФК-МВ), анализ которых проводился до ЧКВ и после проведения операции через 24 ч.
Результаты. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о достоверном повышении вч-Тр через 24 ч у пациентов, не принимавших никорандил (117 нг/л) по сравнению с таковым в группе никорандила (73 нг/л), p=0,04. Отмечаются достоверные различия в отношении прироста вч-Тр через 24 ч в группе контроля: он оказался выше (112 нг/л), чем в группе никорандила (67 нг/л), p=0,03. Также зарегистрировано достоверное снижение КФК-МВ через 24 ч в группе исследования (2,7 мкг/л) по сравнению с группой контроля (2,0 нг/л), p=0,008. Также в группе никорандила достоверно (p=0,03) реже (в 62% случаев против 85% случаев в контрольной группе) наблюдались превышения уровней вч-Тр за пределы пороговых значений верхней границы нормы.
Заключение. Предупреждение осложнений чрескожной реваскуляризации миокарда должно рассматриваться в том числе с позиции поиска оптимальной фармакологической поддержки. Назначение никорандила в пероральной форме (Кординик, компания ПИК-ФАРМА, Россия) за 2 сут и сутки до ЧКВ 30 мг/сут, в день ЧКВ – 20 мг за 2 ч до операции и 10 мг – спустя 6 ч после нее снижает риск интраоперационного повреждения миокарда. Полученные данные позволяют расширить показания к назначению никорандила в стратегии медикаментозного сопровождения ЧКВ у больных стабильной ИБС.
Ключевые слова: фармакологическое прекондиционирование, никорандил, открыватель калиевых каналов, чрескожные коронарные вмешательства, кардиоферменты.
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Materials and methods. We included 88 patients with a stable form of CHD, who were going to pass the elective PCI, in the study. As the method of blind randomization envelope method was used. There were formed two groups or patients: the first group involved 45 patients – were treated with nicorandil (Cordinic, PIQ-FHARMA LLC) (the main group) the other group included 43 patients who were treated by the standard therapy (the comparison group). The basic antianginal therapy was allowed to use in both groups: beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, ATE inhibitors / angiotensin II receptor blockers, statins, acetylsalicylic acid, blockers of P2Y12 receptor platelets. The admission of prolonged form of nitrates before the PCI was allowed in the second group. Patients from the 1st group were to take nicorandil 2 days and 1 day before the PCI at the 30 mg/day dose, then 20 mg orally 2 hours just before PCI, and one more time 6 hours after the PCI – 10 mg nicorandil. Highly sensitive troponin (HS-Tp) as a biomarker of irreversible damage to the myocardium was evaluated before PCI and after PCI in 24 hours. Were used highly sensitive troponin (HF-Tr) and creatine phosphokinase-MB as an irreversible myocardial damage biomarkers. The analysis of which was conducted before PCI and 24 hours after the surgery.
Results. The obtained data shows the significant differences of an increase in hs-Tp in 24 hours after PCI in patients with no admission of nicorandil (117 ng/l) as compared with the nicorandil group (73 ng/l), p = 0.04. There were significant differences in the 24 hours increment in hs-Tp in the control group, it was higher (112 ng/l) than in the nicorandil group (67 ng/l), p = 0.03. There was also a significant decrease in CK-MB after 24 hours in the nicorandil group (2.7 ng/L) compared to the control group (2.0 ng/L), p = 0.008. Also the frequency of the troponin increase above the UNL(upper normal level) in the nicorandal group, was significantly (p = 0.03) lower (in 62% of cases compared to 85% of the control group).
Conclusion. The prevention of the complications during the percutaneous myocardial revascularization should be considered with the position of the most suitable pharmacological support. The appointment of the oral form of nicorandil (Cordinic, PIQ-FHARMA LLC) for 2 days and 1 day before PCI 30 mg/day, then 20 mg 2 hours before the PCI and 10 mg after 6 hours after the surgery reduces the risk of intraoperative myocardial damage. The obtained data give an opportunity to extend the indications for nicorandil's appointment in the drug support during PCI in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Keywords: pharmacological preconditioning, nicorandil, potassium channel openers, percutaneous coronary interventions, cardioenzymes.
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44. Kawai Y, Hisamatsu K, Matsubara H, Dan K, Akagi S, Miyaji K, Munemasa M, Fujimoto Y, Kusano KF, Ohe T. Intravenous administration of nicorandil immediately before percutaneous coronary intervention can prevent slow coronary flow phenomenon. Eur Heart J. 2009 Apr;30(7):765-72. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp077. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
45. Isono T, Kamihata H, Sutani Y, Motohiro M, Yamamoto S, Kyoui S, Iharada Y, Kurimoto K, Hara K, Takahashi H, Iwasaka T. Nicorandil suppressed myocardial injury after percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol. 2008 Jan 11;123(2):123-8. Epub 2007 Mar 8.
46. Hirohata A, Yamamoto K, Hirose E, Kobayashi Y, Takafuji H, Sano F, Matsumoto K, Ohara M, Yoshioka R, Takinami H, Ohe T. Nicorandil prevents microvascular dysfunction resulting from PCI in patients with stable angina pectoris: a randomised study. Euro Intervention. 2014 Jan 22;9(9):1050-6. doi: 10.4244/EIJV9I9A178
47. Holmvang L, Jurlander B, Rasmussen C, Thiis JJ, Grande P, Clemmensen P. Use of biochemical markers of infarction for diagnosing perioperative myocardial infarction and early graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. 2002;121:103-11.
2. [Zhamgyrchiev ShТ, Fettser DV, Pershukov IV, Levitsky IV, Samko AN, Batyraliev TA. Clinical implications of coronary stents coated with drugs. Ther Archive. 2007; 9:79-84 (In Russ.)].
3. Samko AN, Lupanov VP, Bakashvili GN, MatchinYuG, Levitsky IV. The immediate and long-term results of using drug-eluting stents with Everolimus Promus and Syrolimus Cypher in patients with CHD with coronary atherosclerosis. International J Interventional Cardioangiology. 2012;29:9-18
4. Nallamothu BK, Chetcuti S, Mukherjee D, Grossman PM, Kline-Rogers E, Werns SW, Bates ER, Moscucci M. Prognostic implication of troponin I elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:1272-4.
5. Kini AS, Lee P, Marmur JD, Agarwal A, Duffy ME, Kim MC, Sharma SK. Correlation of postpercutaneous coronary intervention creatine kinase-MB and troponin I elevation in predicting mid-term mortality. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:18-23.
6. Cavallini C, Savonitto S, Violini R, Arraiz G, Plebani M, Olivari Z, Rubartelli P, Battaglia S, Niccoli L, Steffenino G, Ardissino D. Impact of the elevation of biochemical markers of myocardial damage on long-103term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the CK-MB and PCI study. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1494-8.
7. Tricoci P, Leonardi S, White J, White HD, Armstrong PW, Montalescot G, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, Van de Werf F, Califf RM, Harrington RA, Braunwald E, Mahaffey KW, Newby LK. Cardiac troponin after percutaneous coronary intervention and 1-year mortality in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome using systematic evaluation of biomarker trends. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jul 16;62(3):242-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.043. Epub 2013 May 15
8. Saadeddin SM, Habbab MA, Siddieg HH, Al Seeni MN, Tahery AB, Dafterdar RM. Evaluation of 6 cardiac troponin assays in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Saudi Med J. 2003 Oct;24(10):1092-7.
9. [Cardiovascular prevention. National recommendations. Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2011;10(6). Appendix 2 (In Russ.)].
10. Imagawa J, Baxter GF, Yellon DM. Myocardial protection afforded by nicorandil and ischaemic preconditioning in a rabbit infarct model in vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998 Jan;31(1):74-9.
11. Lee HC, An SG, Choi JH, Lee TK, Kim J, Kim JH, Chun KJ, Hong TJ, Shin YW, Lee SK. Effect of intra-coronary nicorandil administration prior to reperfusion in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Circ J. 2008 Sep;72(9):1425-9.
12. Ishida H, Higashijima N, Hirota Y, Genka C, Nakazawa H, Nakaya H, Sato T. Nicorandil attenuates the mitochondrial Ca2+ overload with accompanying depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in the heart. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;369(2):192-7. Epub 2003 Dec 18.
13. Thygesen K, Alpert J, Jaffe A, Simoons M, Chaitman B, et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. European Heart J. 2012;33:2551-67.
14. Miller WL, Garratt KN, Burritt MF, Reeder GS, Jaffe AS. Timing of peak troponin T andcreatine kinase-MB elevations after percutaneous coronary intervention. Chest. 2004;25:275-80.
15. Lansky AJ, Stone GW.Periprocedural myocardial infarction:prevalence, prognosis and prevention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:602-10.
16. Cavallini C, Verdecchia P, Savonitto S, Arraiz G, Violini R, Olivari Z, Rubartelli P, DeServi S, Plebani M, Steffenino G, Sbarzaglia P, Ardissino D. Italian Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology and Society for Invasive Cardiology–GISE Investigators Prognostic value of isolated Troponin I elevation after Percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:431-5.
17. Simoons ML, van den Brand M, Lincoff M, et al. Minimal myocardial damage during coronary intervention is associated with impaired outcome. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:1112-29.
18. Abdelmeguid AE, Topol EJ, Whitlow PL, et al. Significance of mild transient release of creatineki-nase-MB fraction after percutaneous coronary interventions. Circulation. 1996; 94:1528-36.
19. Brener SJ, Ellis SG, Schneider J, Topol EJ. Frequency and longterm impact of myonecrosis after coronary stenting. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:869-76.
20. Novack V, Pencina M, Cohen DJ, et al. Troponin criteria for myocardial infarction after percuta-neous coronary intervention. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:502-8.
21. Tardiff BE, Califf RM, Tcheng JE, et al. Clinical outcomes after detection of elevated cardiac en-zymes in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:88-96.
22. Harris BM, Nageh T, Marsden JT, Thomas MR, Sherwood RA. Comparison of cardiac troponin T and I and CK-MB for the detection of minor myocardial damage during interventional cardiac procedures. Ann Clin Biochem. 2000;37:764-9.
23. Januzzi JL, Lewandrowski K, MacGillivray TE, Newell JB, Kathiresan S, Servoss SJ, Lee-Lewandrowski E. A comparison of cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB for patient evaluation after cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1518-23.
24. Laugaudin G, Kuster N, Petiton A, Leclercq F, Gervasoni R, Macia JC, Cung TT, Dupuy AM, Solecki K, Lattuca B, Cade S, Cransac F, Cristol JP, Roubille F. Kinetics of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and I differ in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary coronary intervention. European Heart J: Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2016;5(4):354-63.
25. Murry CE, Jenning RD, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation. 1986;74(5):1122-36.
26. Kloner RA, Jennings RB. Consequences of brief ischemia: stunning, preconditioning, and their clinical implications: Part 1. Circulation. 2001;104(24):2981-9.
27. Kloner RA, Jennings RB. Consequences of brief ischemia: stunning, preconditioning, and their clinical implications: Part 2. Circulation. 2001;104(25):3158-67.
28. [Gostishchev RV, Soboleva GN, Samko AN. Pharmacological preconditioning: review of new clinical trials. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;8:114-21 (In Russ.)]. doi:10.15829/1560-4071- 2017-8-114-121
29. Kloner RA, Yellon D. Does ischemic preconditioning occur in patients? JACC. 1994;24(4):1333-42.
30. Turer AT, Hill JA. Pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia- reperfusion injury and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:360-8.
31. Kharbanda RK. Cardiac conditioning: a review of evolving strategies to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heart. 2010;96:1179-86.
32. [Lupanov VP, Maksimenko AV. Protective ischemia in cardiology. The forms of myocardium conditioning. Cardiovascular prevention and therapy. 2011;10(1) (In Russ.)].
33. Hausenloy DJ, Ong SB, Yellon DM. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore as a target for preconditioning and postconditioning. Basic Res Cardiol. 2009;104(2):189-202.
34. [Pisarenko OI. The ischemic preconditioning: from theory to practice. Cardiology. 2005;9:62-72 (In Russ.)].
35. [Boytsov SA. The pathogenesis of the chronic form of coronary heart disease. In the book: Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease Manual (edited by Chazov EI). Moscow: Media Medica, 2007:330-348 (In Russ.)].
36. [Lomivorotov VV, Ponomarev DN, Shmyrev VA, et al. The application of the remote ischemic preconditioning in cardiosurgical patients. General Intensive care. 2011;7(3):63-9 (In Russ.)].
37. Ishii H, Ichimiya S, Kanashiro M, Amano T, Imai K, Murohara T, Matsubara T. Impact of a single intravenous administration of nicorandil before reperfusion in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2005 Aug 30;112(9):1284-8.
38. Ono H, Osanai T, Ishizaka H, Hanada H, Kamada T, Onodera H, Fujita N, Sasaki S, Matsunaga T, Okumura K. Nicorandil improves cardiac function and clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: role of inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species formation. Am Heart J. 2004 Oct;148(4):E15.
39. Ota S, Nishikawa H, Takeuchi M, Nakajima K, Nakamura T, Okamoto S, Setsuda M, Makino K, Yamakado T, Nakano T. Impact of Nicorandil to Prevent Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Sigmart Multicenter Angioplasty Revascularization Trial (SMART). Circ J. 2006;70:1099-104.
40. Kasama S, Toyama T, Sumino H, Kumakura H, Takayama Y, Ichikawa S, et al. Long-term nicorandil therapy improves cardiac sympathetic nerve activity after reperfusion therapy in patients with first acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1676-82.
41. Sakata Y, Nakatani D, Shimizu M, Suna S, Usami M, Matsumoto S, Hara M, Sumitsuji S, Kawano S, Iwakura K, Hamasaki T, Sato H, Nanto S, Hori M, Komuro I. Oral treatment with nicorandil at discharge is associated with reduced mortality after acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiol. 2012 Jan;59(1):14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
42. Yang J, Zhang J, Cui W, et al. Cardioprotective effects of single oral dose of nicorandil before selective percutaneous coronary intervention. Anatolian J Cardiol. 2015;15:125-31.
43. Izumiya Y, Kojima S, Kojima S, et al. Long-term use of oral nicorandil stabilizes coronary plaque in patients with stable angina pectoris. Atherosclerosis. 2011;214:415-21.
44. Kawai Y, Hisamatsu K, Matsubara H, Dan K, Akagi S, Miyaji K, Munemasa M, Fujimoto Y, Kusano KF, Ohe T. Intravenous administration of nicorandil immediately before percutaneous coronary intervention can prevent slow coronary flow phenomenon. Eur Heart J. 2009 Apr;30(7):765-72. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp077. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
45. Isono T, Kamihata H, Sutani Y, Motohiro M, Yamamoto S, Kyoui S, Iharada Y, Kurimoto K, Hara K, Takahashi H, Iwasaka T. Nicorandil suppressed myocardial injury after percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol. 2008 Jan 11;123(2):123-8. Epub 2007 Mar 8.
46. Hirohata A, Yamamoto K, Hirose E, Kobayashi Y, Takafuji H, Sano F, Matsumoto K, Ohara M, Yoshioka R, Takinami H, Ohe T. Nicorandil prevents microvascular dysfunction resulting from PCI in patients with stable angina pectoris: a randomised study. Euro Intervention. 2014 Jan 22;9(9):1050-6. doi: 10.4244/EIJV9I9A178
47. Holmvang L, Jurlander B, Rasmussen C, Thiis JJ, Grande P, Clemmensen P. Use of biochemical markers of infarction for diagnosing perioperative myocardial infarction and early graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. 2002;121:103-11.
2. Жамгырчиев Ш.Т., Фетцер Д.В., Першуков И.В., Левицкий И.В., Самко А.Н., Батыралиев Т.А. Клиническое значение коронарных стентов с лекарственным покрытием. Терапевтический архив. 2007;9:79-84 [Zhamgyrchiev ShТ, Fettser DV, Pershukov IV, Levitsky IV, Samko AN, Batyraliev TA. Clinical implications of coronary stents coated with drugs. Ther Archive. 2007; 9:79-84 (In Russ.)].
3. Samko AN, Lupanov VP, Bakashvili GN, MatchinYuG, Levitsky IV. The immediate and long-term results of using drug-eluting stents with Everolimus Promus and Syrolimus Cypher in patients with CHD with coronary atherosclerosis. International J Interventional Cardioangiology. 2012;29:9-18 [Самко А.Н., Лупанов В.П., Бакашвили Г.Н., Матчин Ю.Г., Левицкий И.В. Ближайшие и отдаленные результаты применения стентов с лекарственным покрытием эверолимусом Promus и сиролимусом Cypher у больных ИБС с коронарным атеросклерозом. Международный журнал интервенционной кардиоангиологии. 2012;29:9-18].
4. Nallamothu BK, Chetcuti S, Mukherjee D, Grossman PM, Kline-Rogers E, Werns SW, Bates ER, Moscucci M. Prognostic implication of troponin I elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:1272-4.
5. Kini AS, Lee P, Marmur JD, Agarwal A, Duffy ME, Kim MC, Sharma SK. Correlation of postpercutaneous coronary intervention creatine kinase-MB and troponin I elevation in predicting mid-term mortality. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:18-23.
6. Cavallini C, Savonitto S, Violini R, Arraiz G, Plebani M, Olivari Z, Rubartelli P, Battaglia S, Niccoli L, Steffenino G, Ardissino D. Impact of the elevation of biochemical markers of myocardial damage on long-103term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the CK-MB and PCI study. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1494-8.
7. Tricoci P, Leonardi S, White J, White HD, Armstrong PW, Montalescot G, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, Van de Werf F, Califf RM, Harrington RA, Braunwald E, Mahaffey KW, Newby LK. Cardiac troponin after percutaneous coronary intervention and 1-year mortality in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome using systematic evaluation of biomarker trends. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jul 16;62(3):242-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.043. Epub 2013 May 15
8. Saadeddin SM, Habbab MA, Siddieg HH, Al Seeni MN, Tahery AB, Dafterdar RM. Evaluation of 6 cardiac troponin assays in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Saudi Med J. 2003 Oct;24(10):1092-7.
9. Кардиоваскулярная профилактика. Национальные рекомендации. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2011;10(6). Приложение 2 [Cardiovascular prevention. National recommendations. Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2011;10(6). Appendix 2 (In Russ.)].
10. Imagawa J, Baxter GF, Yellon DM. Myocardial protection afforded by nicorandil and ischaemic preconditioning in a rabbit infarct model in vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998 Jan;31(1):74-9.
11. Lee HC, An SG, Choi JH, Lee TK, Kim J, Kim JH, Chun KJ, Hong TJ, Shin YW, Lee SK. Effect of intra-coronary nicorandil administration prior to reperfusion in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Circ J. 2008 Sep;72(9):1425-9.
12. Ishida H, Higashijima N, Hirota Y, Genka C, Nakazawa H, Nakaya H, Sato T. Nicorandil attenuates the mitochondrial Ca2+ overload with accompanying depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in the heart. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;369(2):192-7. Epub 2003 Dec 18.
13. Thygesen K, Alpert J, Jaffe A, Simoons M, Chaitman B, et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. European Heart J. 2012;33:2551-67.
14. Miller WL, Garratt KN, Burritt MF, Reeder GS, Jaffe AS. Timing of peak troponin T andcreatine kinase-MB elevations after percutaneous coronary intervention. Chest. 2004;25:275-80.
15. Lansky AJ, Stone GW.Periprocedural myocardial infarction:prevalence, prognosis and prevention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:602-10.
16. Cavallini C, Verdecchia P, Savonitto S, Arraiz G, Violini R, Olivari Z, Rubartelli P, DeServi S, Plebani M, Steffenino G, Sbarzaglia P, Ardissino D. Italian Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology and Society for Invasive Cardiology–GISE Investigators Prognostic value of isolated Troponin I elevation after Percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:431-5.
17. Simoons ML, van den Brand M, Lincoff M, et al. Minimal myocardial damage during coronary intervention is associated with impaired outcome. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:1112-29.
18. Abdelmeguid AE, Topol EJ, Whitlow PL, et al. Significance of mild transient release of creatineki-nase-MB fraction after percutaneous coronary interventions. Circulation. 1996; 94:1528-36.
19. Brener SJ, Ellis SG, Schneider J, Topol EJ. Frequency and longterm impact of myonecrosis after coronary stenting. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:869-76.
20. Novack V, Pencina M, Cohen DJ, et al. Troponin criteria for myocardial infarction after percuta-neous coronary intervention. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:502-8.
21. Tardiff BE, Califf RM, Tcheng JE, et al. Clinical outcomes after detection of elevated cardiac en-zymes in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:88-96.
22. Harris BM, Nageh T, Marsden JT, Thomas MR, Sherwood RA. Comparison of cardiac troponin T and I and CK-MB for the detection of minor myocardial damage during interventional cardiac procedures. Ann Clin Biochem. 2000;37:764-9.
23. Januzzi JL, Lewandrowski K, MacGillivray TE, Newell JB, Kathiresan S, Servoss SJ, Lee-Lewandrowski E. A comparison of cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB for patient evaluation after cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1518-23.
24. Laugaudin G, Kuster N, Petiton A, Leclercq F, Gervasoni R, Macia JC, Cung TT, Dupuy AM, Solecki K, Lattuca B, Cade S, Cransac F, Cristol JP, Roubille F. Kinetics of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and I differ in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary coronary intervention. European Heart J: Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2016;5(4):354-63.
25. Murry CE, Jenning RD, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation. 1986;74(5):1122-36.
26. Kloner RA, Jennings RB. Consequences of brief ischemia: stunning, preconditioning, and their clinical implications: Part 1. Circulation. 2001;104(24):2981-9.
27. Kloner RA, Jennings RB. Consequences of brief ischemia: stunning, preconditioning, and their clinical implications: Part 2. Circulation. 2001;104(25):3158-67.
28. Гостищев Р.В., Соболева Г.Н., Самко А.Н., Осиев А.Г. Фармакологическое прекондиционирование: в фокусе — никорандил. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2017;8:114-21 [Gostishchev RV, Soboleva GN, Samko AN. Pharmacological preconditioning: review of new clinical trials. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;8:114-21 (In Russ.)]. doi:10.15829/1560-4071- 2017-8-114-121
29. Kloner RA, Yellon D. Does ischemic preconditioning occur in patients? JACC. 1994;24(4):1333-42.
30. Turer AT, Hill JA. Pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia- reperfusion injury and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:360-8.
31. Kharbanda RK. Cardiac conditioning: a review of evolving strategies to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heart. 2010;96:1179-86.
32. Лупанов В.П., Максименко А.В. Протективная ишемия в кардиологии. Формы кондиционирования миокарда. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2011;10(1) [Lupanov VP, Maksimenko AV. Protective ischemia in cardiology. The forms of myocardium conditioning. Cardiovascular prevention and therapy. 2011;10(1) (In Russ.)].
33. Hausenloy DJ, Ong SB, Yellon DM. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore as a target for preconditioning and postconditioning. Basic Res Cardiol. 2009;104(2):189-202.
34. Писаренко О.И. Ишемическое прекондиционирование: от теории к практике. Кардиология. 2005;9:62-72 [Pisarenko OI. The ischemic preconditioning: from theory to practice. Cardiology. 2005;9:62-72 (In Russ.)].
35. Бойцов С.А. Патогенез хронической формы ишемической болезни сердца. В кн.: Руководство по атеросклерозу и ишемической болезни сердца (под ред. акад. Е.И. Чазова). Москва: Медиа Медика, 2007:330-348 [Boytsov SA. The pathogenesis of the chronic form of coronary heart disease. In the book: Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease Manual (edited by Chazov EI). Moscow: Media Medica, 2007:330-348 (In Russ.)].
36. Ломиворотов В.В., Пономарев Д.Н., Шмырев В.А. и др. Применение дистанционного ишемического прекондиционирования у кардиохирургических больных. Общая реаниматология. 2011;7(3):63-9 [Lomivorotov VV, Ponomarev DN, Shmyrev VA, et al. The application of the remote ischemic preconditioning in cardiosurgical patients. General Intensive care. 2011;7(3):63-9 (In Russ.)].
37. Ishii H, Ichimiya S, Kanashiro M, Amano T, Imai K, Murohara T, Matsubara T. Impact of a single intravenous administration of nicorandil before reperfusion in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2005 Aug 30;112(9):1284-8.
38. Ono H, Osanai T, Ishizaka H, Hanada H, Kamada T, Onodera H, Fujita N, Sasaki S, Matsunaga T, Okumura K. Nicorandil improves cardiac function and clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: role of inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species formation. Am Heart J. 2004 Oct;148(4):E15.
39. Ota S, Nishikawa H, Takeuchi M, Nakajima K, Nakamura T, Okamoto S, Setsuda M, Makino K, Yamakado T, Nakano T. Impact of Nicorandil to Prevent Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Sigmart Multicenter Angioplasty Revascularization Trial (SMART). Circ J. 2006;70:1099-104.
40. Kasama S, Toyama T, Sumino H, Kumakura H, Takayama Y, Ichikawa S, et al. Long-term nicorandil therapy improves cardiac sympathetic nerve activity after reperfusion therapy in patients with first acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1676-82.
41. Sakata Y, Nakatani D, Shimizu M, Suna S, Usami M, Matsumoto S, Hara M, Sumitsuji S, Kawano S, Iwakura K, Hamasaki T, Sato H, Nanto S, Hori M, Komuro I. Oral treatment with nicorandil at discharge is associated with reduced mortality after acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiol. 2012 Jan;59(1):14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
42. Yang J, Zhang J, Cui W, et al. Cardioprotective effects of single oral dose of nicorandil before selective percutaneous coronary intervention. Anatolian J Cardiol. 2015;15:125-31.
43. Izumiya Y, Kojima S, Kojima S, et al. Long-term use of oral nicorandil stabilizes coronary plaque in patients with stable angina pectoris. Atherosclerosis. 2011;214:415-21.
44. Kawai Y, Hisamatsu K, Matsubara H, Dan K, Akagi S, Miyaji K, Munemasa M, Fujimoto Y, Kusano KF, Ohe T. Intravenous administration of nicorandil immediately before percutaneous coronary intervention can prevent slow coronary flow phenomenon. Eur Heart J. 2009 Apr;30(7):765-72. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp077. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
45. Isono T, Kamihata H, Sutani Y, Motohiro M, Yamamoto S, Kyoui S, Iharada Y, Kurimoto K, Hara K, Takahashi H, Iwasaka T. Nicorandil suppressed myocardial injury after percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol. 2008 Jan 11;123(2):123-8. Epub 2007 Mar 8.
46. Hirohata A, Yamamoto K, Hirose E, Kobayashi Y, Takafuji H, Sano F, Matsumoto K, Ohara M, Yoshioka R, Takinami H, Ohe T. Nicorandil prevents microvascular dysfunction resulting from PCI in patients with stable angina pectoris: a randomised study. Euro Intervention. 2014 Jan 22;9(9):1050-6. doi: 10.4244/EIJV9I9A178
47. Holmvang L, Jurlander B, Rasmussen C, Thiis JJ, Grande P, Clemmensen P. Use of biochemical markers of infarction for diagnosing perioperative myocardial infarction and early graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. 2002;121:103-11.
________________________________________________
2. [Zhamgyrchiev ShТ, Fettser DV, Pershukov IV, Levitsky IV, Samko AN, Batyraliev TA. Clinical implications of coronary stents coated with drugs. Ther Archive. 2007; 9:79-84 (In Russ.)].
3. Samko AN, Lupanov VP, Bakashvili GN, MatchinYuG, Levitsky IV. The immediate and long-term results of using drug-eluting stents with Everolimus Promus and Syrolimus Cypher in patients with CHD with coronary atherosclerosis. International J Interventional Cardioangiology. 2012;29:9-18
4. Nallamothu BK, Chetcuti S, Mukherjee D, Grossman PM, Kline-Rogers E, Werns SW, Bates ER, Moscucci M. Prognostic implication of troponin I elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:1272-4.
5. Kini AS, Lee P, Marmur JD, Agarwal A, Duffy ME, Kim MC, Sharma SK. Correlation of postpercutaneous coronary intervention creatine kinase-MB and troponin I elevation in predicting mid-term mortality. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:18-23.
6. Cavallini C, Savonitto S, Violini R, Arraiz G, Plebani M, Olivari Z, Rubartelli P, Battaglia S, Niccoli L, Steffenino G, Ardissino D. Impact of the elevation of biochemical markers of myocardial damage on long-103term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the CK-MB and PCI study. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1494-8.
7. Tricoci P, Leonardi S, White J, White HD, Armstrong PW, Montalescot G, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, Van de Werf F, Califf RM, Harrington RA, Braunwald E, Mahaffey KW, Newby LK. Cardiac troponin after percutaneous coronary intervention and 1-year mortality in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome using systematic evaluation of biomarker trends. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jul 16;62(3):242-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.043. Epub 2013 May 15
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Авторы
Р.В. ГОСТИЩЕВ, Г.Н. СОБОЛЕВА, А.Н. САМКО, А.Н. РОГОЗА, А.А. МИНАСЯН
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Cardiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
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Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Cardiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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