Атеросклероз периферических артерий у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа - Журнал Терапевтический архив № 10 Вопросы эндокринологии 2019
Атеросклероз периферических артерий у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа
Генкель В.В., Салашенко А.О., Шамаева Т.Н. и др. Атеросклероз периферических артерий у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Терапевтический архив. 2019; 91 (10): 54–62. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.10.000106
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения.
Чтобы посмотреть материал полностью
Авторизуйтесь
или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Цель исследования. Изучить особенности поражения периферических артерий у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) в зависимости от наличия сахарного диабета (СД) 2-го типа и определить факторы, ассоциирующиеся с мультифокальным атеросклерозом (МФА) в исследуемой когорте пациентов.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 140 пациентов (77 мужчин и 63 женщины) с ИБС, средний возраст – 62,0 (56,0–66,0) года. В первую группу включены 70 человек с ИБС и СД 2-го типа, во вторую – 70 пациентов с ИБС без СД 2-го типа. Всем пациентам проводили дуплексное сканирование артерий каротидного бассейна и артерий нижних конечностей (АНК). Локальную сосудистую жесткость сонной артерии оценивали при проведении ультразвукового сканирования артерий каротидного бассейна. Определяли модуль эластичности Петерсона, растяжимость и деформацию ОСА. Проводили измерение лодыжечно-плечевого индекса (ЛПИ) допплерографическим методом.
Результаты и обсуждение. В группе пациентов с СД 2-го типа выявлено статистически больше больных с атеросклеротическими бляшками (АСБ) как в сонных артериях, так и в АНК. Также среди пациентов с СД 2-го типа тяжесть стенозирующего поражения сонных артерий и АНК на всех уровнях оказалась значимо больше. Значения локальной каротидной жесткости выше в первой группе пациентов. Доля лиц со сниженными значениями ЛПИ <0,9 среди пациентов первой группы больше в сравнении с пациентами второй группы. По данным пошагового логистического регрессионного анализа, независимыми предикторами выявления МФА у пациентов с ИБС являлись СД 2-го типа, наличие перемежающейся хромоты и увеличение каротидной сосудистой жесткости.
Заключение. Пациенты с ИБС и СД 2-го типа в сравнении с пациентами без СД отличались значимо большей тяжестью поражения артерий каротидного бассейна и артерий нижних конечностей. Независимыми предикторами выявления МФА у пациентов с ИБС являлись СД 2-го типа, наличие перемежающейся хромоты и увеличение каротидной сосудистой жесткости.
Ключевые слова: атеросклероз, сахарный диабет 2-го типа, ишемическая болезнь сердца, мультифокальный атеросклероз, сосудистая жесткость.
Materials and methods. The study included 140 patients (77 men and 63 women) with CAD (mean age 62.0 (56.0–66.0) years). The first group included 70 people with CAD and T2DM, and the second group included 70 patients with CAD without T2DM. All patients underwent duplex scanning of the carotid and lower limb arteries (LLA). Local vascular stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) was assessed by ultrasound scanning. The Peterson elasticity modulus, distensibility and strain of the CCA were determined. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured by the Doppler method.
Results and discussion. In the group of patients with T2D, there were statistically more patients with atherosclerotic plaques in both carotid arteries and LLA. Also among patients with T2DM the severity of stenosis of carotid arteries and LLA at all levels was significantly greater. Local carotid stiffness was higher in the first group of patients. The proportion of individuals with reduced ABI <0.9 among the patients in the first group was greater in comparison with patients in the second group. According to stepwise logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with CAD were T2DM, intermittent claudication and an increase in carotid stiffness.
Conclusion. Patients with CAD and T2DM compared with nondiabetic patients differed significantly greater severity of carotid and lower limb arteries atherosclerosis. Independent predictors of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with CAD were T2DM, intermittent claudication and an increase in carotid stiffness.
Keywords: atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, multifocal atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 140 пациентов (77 мужчин и 63 женщины) с ИБС, средний возраст – 62,0 (56,0–66,0) года. В первую группу включены 70 человек с ИБС и СД 2-го типа, во вторую – 70 пациентов с ИБС без СД 2-го типа. Всем пациентам проводили дуплексное сканирование артерий каротидного бассейна и артерий нижних конечностей (АНК). Локальную сосудистую жесткость сонной артерии оценивали при проведении ультразвукового сканирования артерий каротидного бассейна. Определяли модуль эластичности Петерсона, растяжимость и деформацию ОСА. Проводили измерение лодыжечно-плечевого индекса (ЛПИ) допплерографическим методом.
Результаты и обсуждение. В группе пациентов с СД 2-го типа выявлено статистически больше больных с атеросклеротическими бляшками (АСБ) как в сонных артериях, так и в АНК. Также среди пациентов с СД 2-го типа тяжесть стенозирующего поражения сонных артерий и АНК на всех уровнях оказалась значимо больше. Значения локальной каротидной жесткости выше в первой группе пациентов. Доля лиц со сниженными значениями ЛПИ <0,9 среди пациентов первой группы больше в сравнении с пациентами второй группы. По данным пошагового логистического регрессионного анализа, независимыми предикторами выявления МФА у пациентов с ИБС являлись СД 2-го типа, наличие перемежающейся хромоты и увеличение каротидной сосудистой жесткости.
Заключение. Пациенты с ИБС и СД 2-го типа в сравнении с пациентами без СД отличались значимо большей тяжестью поражения артерий каротидного бассейна и артерий нижних конечностей. Независимыми предикторами выявления МФА у пациентов с ИБС являлись СД 2-го типа, наличие перемежающейся хромоты и увеличение каротидной сосудистой жесткости.
Ключевые слова: атеросклероз, сахарный диабет 2-го типа, ишемическая болезнь сердца, мультифокальный атеросклероз, сосудистая жесткость.
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. The study included 140 patients (77 men and 63 women) with CAD (mean age 62.0 (56.0–66.0) years). The first group included 70 people with CAD and T2DM, and the second group included 70 patients with CAD without T2DM. All patients underwent duplex scanning of the carotid and lower limb arteries (LLA). Local vascular stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) was assessed by ultrasound scanning. The Peterson elasticity modulus, distensibility and strain of the CCA were determined. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured by the Doppler method.
Results and discussion. In the group of patients with T2D, there were statistically more patients with atherosclerotic plaques in both carotid arteries and LLA. Also among patients with T2DM the severity of stenosis of carotid arteries and LLA at all levels was significantly greater. Local carotid stiffness was higher in the first group of patients. The proportion of individuals with reduced ABI <0.9 among the patients in the first group was greater in comparison with patients in the second group. According to stepwise logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with CAD were T2DM, intermittent claudication and an increase in carotid stiffness.
Conclusion. Patients with CAD and T2DM compared with nondiabetic patients differed significantly greater severity of carotid and lower limb arteries atherosclerosis. Independent predictors of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with CAD were T2DM, intermittent claudication and an increase in carotid stiffness.
Keywords: atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, multifocal atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness.
Список литературы
1. Барбараш О.Л., Зыков М.В., Кашталап В.В., Барбараш Л.С. Распространенность и клиническая значимость мультифокального атеросклероза у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиология. 2011;51(8):66-71 [Barbarash OL, Zykov MV, Kashtalap VV, Barbarash LS. Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Multifocal Atherosclerosis in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Kardiologiia. 2011;51(8):66-71 (In Russ.)].
2. Панченко Е.П., Беленков Ю.Н. Характеристика и исходы атеротромбоза у амбулаторных больных в Российской Федерации (по материалам международного регистра REACH). Кардиология. 2008;(2):17-24 [Panchenko EP, Belenkov YuN. Characteristics and Outcomes of Atherothrombosis in Ambulatory Patients in Russian Federation (According to Materials of the International Register REACH). Kardiologiya. 2008;(2):17-24 (In Russ.)].
3. Li MF, Zhao CC, Li TT, Tu YF, Lu JX, Zhang R, Chen MY, Bao YQ, Li LX, Jia WP. The coexistence of carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis further increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:43. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0360-2
4. Сумин А.Н., Безденежных Н.А., Безденежных А.В., Иванов С.В., Барбараш О.Л., Барбараш Л.С. Влияние сахарного диабета 2-го типа на распространенность мультифокального атеросклероза у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиология. 2012;52(11):33-41 [Sumin AN, Bezdenezhnykh NA, Bezdenezhnykh AV, Ivanov SV, Barbarash OL, Barbarash LS. Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Extent of Multifocal Atherosclerosis in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Kardiologiya. 2012;52(11):33-41 (In Russ.)].
5. Сумин А.Н. Субклинический мультифокальный атеросклероз: как его выявлять и надо ли? Артериальная гипертензия. 2017;23(1):69-73 [Sumin AN. Subclinical multifocal atherosclerosis: should it be detected? Arterial’naya Gipertenziya. 2017;23(1):69-73 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.18705/1607-419Х-2017-23-1-69-73
6. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Сахарный диабет. 2017;20(1S):1-112 [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Sakharnyi Diabet = Diabetes Mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-112 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14341/DM20171S8
7. Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Шальнова С.А., Щербакова Н.В., Андреенко Е.Ю., Романчук С.В., Шутемова Е.А., Белова О.А., Бойцов С.А. Ультразвуковые параметры атеросклероза сонных и бедренных артерий у больных ишемической болезнью сердца. Профилактическая медицина. 2014;17(6):56-63 [Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Shal'nova SA, Shcherbakova NV, Andreenko EYu, Romanchuk SV, Shutemova EA, Belova OA, Boytsov SA. Ultrasound parameters of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2014;17(6):56-63 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed201417656-63
8. Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, Adams H, Amarenco P, Bornstein N, Csiba L, Desvarieux M, Ebrahim S, Hernandez Hernandez R, Jaff M, Kownator S, Naqvi T, Prati P, Rundek T, Sitzer M, Schminke U, Tardif JC, Taylor A, Vicaut E, Woo KS. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004–2006–2011). An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(4):290-6. doi: 10.1159/000343145
9. Akazawa S, Tojikubo M, Nakano Y, Nakamura S, Tamai H, Yonemoto K, Sadasima E, Kawasaki T, Koga N. Usefulness of carotid plaque (sum and maximum of plaque thickness) in combination with intima-media thickness for the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2016;7(3):396-403. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12403
10. DeMarco JK, Spence JD. Plaque Assessment in the Management of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2016;26(1):111-27. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2015.09.009
11. Spence JD. Measurement of carotid plaque burden. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(4):383-4. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3002
12. Мельников И.Ю., Григоричева Е.А., Яшина Л.М. Сравнительная оценка локальной жесткости артерий у пациентов с гипертонической болезнью, ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом. Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2011;10(2):53-7 [Melnikov IYu, Grigoricheva EA, Yashina LM. Comparative evaluation of local stiffness of arteries of patients with essential hypertension, ischemic disease and diabetes mellitus. Regionarnoe Krovoobrashchenie i Mikrotsirkulyatsiya = Regional Haemodynamics and Microcirculation. 2011;10(2):53-7 (In Russ.)].
13. Van Sloten TT, Schram MT, van den Hurk K, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Henry RM, Stehouwer CD. Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the Hoorn study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(17):1739-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.041
14. Boesen ME, Singh D, Menon BK, Frayne R. A systematic literature review of the effect of carotid atherosclerosis on local vessel stiffness and elasticity. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(1):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.008
15. Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison MA, Creager MA, Diehm C, Fowkes FG, Hiatt WR, Jönsson B, Lacroix P, Marin B, McDermott MM, Norgren L, Pande RL, Preux PM, Stoffers HE, Treat-Jacobson D; American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;126(24):2890-909. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb
16. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, Fleisher LA, Fowkes FG, Hamburg NM, Kinlay S, Lookstein R, Misra S, Mureebe L, Olin JW, Patel RA, Regensteiner JG, Schanzer A, Shishehbor MH, Stewart KJ, Treat-Jacobson D, Walsh ME. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11):71-126. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000471
17. Aboyans V. Polyvascular Disease: Definition, Epidemiology, and Relevance. In: Lanzer P, ed. PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_213-1
18. Грачева С.А., Бирагова М.С., Глазунова А.М., Клефортова И.И., Шамхалова М.Щ., Джавелидзе М.И., Солдатова Т.В., Ильин А.В., Шестакова М.В., Тугеева Э.Ф., Бузиашвили Ю.И. Факторы риска и прогностическая значимость мультифокального атеросклероза у больных сахарным диабетом. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(10):20-6 [Gracheva SA, Biragova MS, Glazunova AM, Klefortova II, Shamkhalova MSh, Dzhavelidze MI, Soldatova TV, Il'in AV, Shestakova MV, Tugeeva ÉF, Buziashvili YuI. Risk factors for and prognostic value of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(10):20-6 (In Russ.)].
19. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, Björck M, Brodmann M, Cohnert T, Collet JP, Czerny M, De Carlo M, Debus S, Espinola-Klein C, Kahan T, Kownator S, Mazzolai L, Naylor AR, Roffi M, Röther J, Sprynger M, Tendera M, Tepe G, Venermo M, Vlachopoulos C, Desormais I; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095 [Epub ahead of print].
20. López-Melgar B, Fernández-Friera L, Oliva B, García-Ruiz JM, Peñalvo JL, Gómez-Talavera S, Sánchez-González J, Mendiguren JM, Ibáñez B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sanz J, Fuster V. Subclinical Atherosclerosis Burden by 3D Ultrasound in Mid-Life: The PESA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.033
21. Jönelid B, Johnston N, Berglund L, Andrén B, Kragsterman B, Christersson C. Ankle brachial index most important to identify polyvascular disease in patients with non-ST elevation or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;30:55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.016
22. Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease risk assessment with the ankle-brachial index in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(2):342-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00008
23. Collet FP. AMERICA: Systematic detection and management of multivascular involvement of atherothrombosis in coronary patients in comparison with treatment of coronary disease only. European Society of Cardiology 2016 Congress. August 29, 2016. Abstract 4160.
24. Al-Thani H, Shabana A, Hussein A, Sadek A, Sharaf A, Koshy V, El-Menyar A. Cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients undergoing regular hemodialysis: a 5-year observational study. Angiology. 2015;66(3):225-30. doi: 10.1177/0003319714523672
25. Franzone A, Piccolo R, Gargiulo G, Ariotti S, Marino M, Santucci A, Baldo A, Magnani G, Moschovitis A, Windecker S, Valgimigli M. Prolonged vs Short Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With or Without Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Subgroup Analysis of the PRODIGY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(7):795-803. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.2811
26. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Storey RF, Steg PG, Cohen M, Kuder J, Goodrich E, Nicolau JC, Parkhomenko A, Lopez-Sendon J, Dellborg M, Dalby A, Spinar J, Aylward P, Corbalan R, Abola MT, Jensen EC, Held P, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Ticagrelor for prevention of ischemic events after myocardial infarction in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2719-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.524
27. Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419
28. Tam MC, Longenecker CT, Chow C, Vest M, Sukeena R, Madan Mohan SK, Carman T, Parikh SA, Josephson RA. Occult peripheral artery disease is common and limits the benefit achieved in cardiac rehabilitation. Vasc Med. 2016;21(2):130-6. doi: 10.1177/1358863X15625370
29. Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S, Moxham T, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD001800. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub2
30. Martin BJ, Arena R, Haykowsky M, Hauer T, Austford LD, Knudtson M, Aggarwal S, Stone JA; APPROACH Investigators. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.013
31. González-Clemente JM, Piniés JA, Calle-Pascual A, Saavedra A, Sánchez C, Bellido D, Martín-Folgueras T, Moraga I, Recasens A, Girbés J, Sánchez-Zamorano MA, Mauricio D; PADiD Study Group. Cardiovascular risk factor management is poorer in diabetic patients with undiagnosed peripheral arterial disease than in those with known coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Results of a nationwide study in tertiary diabetes centres. Diabet Med. 2008;25(4):427-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02402.x
32. Загребельный А.В., Марцевич С.Ю., Лукьянов М.М., Воробьев А.Н., Мосейчук К.А., Якушин С.С., Ершова А.И., Бойцов С.А. Качество гиполипидемической терапии в амбулаторно-поликлинической практике: данные регистра РЕКВАЗА. Профилактическая медицина. 2016;19(1):9-14 [Zagrebelnyi AV, Martsevich SYu, Lukyanov MM, Vorobyev AN, Moseichuk KA, Yakushin SS, Ershova AI, Boytsov SA. Quality of lipid-lowering therapy in outpatient practice: RECVAS Register data. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2016;19(1):9-14 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed20161919-14
33. Perrone V, Sangiorgi D, Buda S, Esposti LD. Residual cardiovascular risk in patients who received lipid-lowering treatment in a real-life setting: retrospective study. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2016;8:649-55. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S107992
34. Van den Berg MJ, Bhatt DL, Kappelle LJ, de Borst GJ, Cramer MJ, van der Graaf Y, Steg PG, Visseren FL; SMART study group; REACH Registry investigators. Identification of vascular patients at very high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events: validation of the current ACC/AHA very high risk criteria. Eur Heart J. 2017. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx102 [Epub ahead of print].
2. [Panchenko EP, Belenkov YuN. Characteristics and Outcomes of Atherothrombosis in Ambulatory Patients in Russian Federation (According to Materials of the International Register REACH). Kardiologiya. 2008;(2):17-24 (In Russ.)].
3. Li MF, Zhao CC, Li TT, Tu YF, Lu JX, Zhang R, Chen MY, Bao YQ, Li LX, Jia WP. The coexistence of carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis further increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:43. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0360-2
4. [Sumin AN, Bezdenezhnykh NA, Bezdenezhnykh AV, Ivanov SV, Barbarash OL, Barbarash LS. Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Extent of Multifocal Atherosclerosis in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Kardiologiya. 2012;52(11):33-41 (In Russ.)].
5. [Sumin AN. Subclinical multifocal atherosclerosis: should it be detected? Arterial’naya Gipertenziya. 2017;23(1):69-73 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.18705/1607-419Х-2017-23-1-69-73
6. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Sakharnyi Diabet = Diabetes Mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-112 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14341/DM20171S8
7. [Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Shal'nova SA, Shcherbakova NV, Andreenko EYu, Romanchuk SV, Shutemova EA, Belova OA, Boytsov SA. Ultrasound parameters of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2014;17(6):56-63 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed201417656-63
8. Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, Adams H, Amarenco P, Bornstein N, Csiba L, Desvarieux M, Ebrahim S, Hernandez Hernandez R, Jaff M, Kownator S, Naqvi T, Prati P, Rundek T, Sitzer M, Schminke U, Tardif JC, Taylor A, Vicaut E, Woo KS. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004–2006–2011). An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(4):290-6. doi: 10.1159/000343145
9. Akazawa S, Tojikubo M, Nakano Y, Nakamura S, Tamai H, Yonemoto K, Sadasima E, Kawasaki T, Koga N. Usefulness of carotid plaque (sum and maximum of plaque thickness) in combination with intima-media thickness for the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2016;7(3):396-403. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12403
10. DeMarco JK, Spence JD. Plaque Assessment in the Management of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2016;26(1):111-27. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2015.09.009
11. Spence JD. Measurement of carotid plaque burden. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(4):383-4. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3002
12. [Melnikov IYu, Grigoricheva EA, Yashina LM. Comparative evaluation of local stiffness of arteries of patients with essential hypertension, ischemic disease and diabetes mellitus. Regionarnoe Krovoobrashchenie i Mikrotsirkulyatsiya = Regional Haemodynamics and Microcirculation. 2011;10(2):53-7 (In Russ.)].
13. Van Sloten TT, Schram MT, van den Hurk K, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Henry RM, Stehouwer CD. Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the Hoorn study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(17):1739-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.041
14. Boesen ME, Singh D, Menon BK, Frayne R. A systematic literature review of the effect of carotid atherosclerosis on local vessel stiffness and elasticity. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(1):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.008
15. Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison MA, Creager MA, Diehm C, Fowkes FG, Hiatt WR, Jönsson B, Lacroix P, Marin B, McDermott MM, Norgren L, Pande RL, Preux PM, Stoffers HE, Treat-Jacobson D; American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;126(24):2890-909. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb
16. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, Fleisher LA, Fowkes FG, Hamburg NM, Kinlay S, Lookstein R, Misra S, Mureebe L, Olin JW, Patel RA, Regensteiner JG, Schanzer A, Shishehbor MH, Stewart KJ, Treat-Jacobson D, Walsh ME. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11):71-126. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000471
17. Aboyans V. Polyvascular Disease: Definition, Epidemiology, and Relevance. In: Lanzer P, ed. PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_213-1
18. [Gracheva SA, Biragova MS, Glazunova AM, Klefortova II, Shamkhalova MSh, Dzhavelidze MI, Soldatova TV, Il'in AV, Shestakova MV, Tugeeva ÉF, Buziashvili YuI. Risk factors for and prognostic value of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(10):20-6 (In Russ.)].
19. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, Björck M, Brodmann M, Cohnert T, Collet JP, Czerny M, De Carlo M, Debus S, Espinola-Klein C, Kahan T, Kownator S, Mazzolai L, Naylor AR, Roffi M, Röther J, Sprynger M, Tendera M, Tepe G, Venermo M, Vlachopoulos C, Desormais I; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095 [Epub ahead of print].
20. López-Melgar B, Fernández-Friera L, Oliva B, García-Ruiz JM, Peñalvo JL, Gómez-Talavera S, Sánchez-González J, Mendiguren JM, Ibáñez B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sanz J, Fuster V. Subclinical Atherosclerosis Burden by 3D Ultrasound in Mid-Life: The PESA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.033
21. Jönelid B, Johnston N, Berglund L, Andrén B, Kragsterman B, Christersson C. Ankle brachial index most important to identify polyvascular disease in patients with non-ST elevation or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;30:55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.016
22. Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease risk assessment with the ankle-brachial index in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(2):342-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00008
23. Collet FP. AMERICA: Systematic detection and management of multivascular involvement of atherothrombosis in coronary patients in comparison with treatment of coronary disease only. European Society of Cardiology 2016 Congress. August 29, 2016. Abstract 4160.
24. Al-Thani H, Shabana A, Hussein A, Sadek A, Sharaf A, Koshy V, El-Menyar A. Cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients undergoing regular hemodialysis: a 5-year observational study. Angiology. 2015;66(3):225-30. doi: 10.1177/0003319714523672
25. Franzone A, Piccolo R, Gargiulo G, Ariotti S, Marino M, Santucci A, Baldo A, Magnani G, Moschovitis A, Windecker S, Valgimigli M. Prolonged vs Short Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With or Without Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Subgroup Analysis of the PRODIGY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(7):795-803. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.2811
26. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Storey RF, Steg PG, Cohen M, Kuder J, Goodrich E, Nicolau JC, Parkhomenko A, Lopez-Sendon J, Dellborg M, Dalby A, Spinar J, Aylward P, Corbalan R, Abola MT, Jensen EC, Held P, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Ticagrelor for prevention of ischemic events after myocardial infarction in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2719-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.524
27. Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419
28. Tam MC, Longenecker CT, Chow C, Vest M, Sukeena R, Madan Mohan SK, Carman T, Parikh SA, Josephson RA. Occult peripheral artery disease is common and limits the benefit achieved in cardiac rehabilitation. Vasc Med. 2016;21(2):130-6. doi: 10.1177/1358863X15625370
29. Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S, Moxham T, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD001800. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub2
30. Martin BJ, Arena R, Haykowsky M, Hauer T, Austford LD, Knudtson M, Aggarwal S, Stone JA; APPROACH Investigators. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.013
31. González-Clemente JM, Piniés JA, Calle-Pascual A, Saavedra A, Sánchez C, Bellido D, Martín-Folgueras T, Moraga I, Recasens A, Girbés J, Sánchez-Zamorano MA, Mauricio D; PADiD Study Group. Cardiovascular risk factor management is poorer in diabetic patients with undiagnosed peripheral arterial disease than in those with known coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Results of a nationwide study in tertiary diabetes centres. Diabet Med. 2008;25(4):427-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02402.x
32. [Zagrebelnyi AV, Martsevich SYu, Lukyanov MM, Vorobyev AN, Moseichuk KA, Yakushin SS, Ershova AI, Boytsov SA. Quality of lipid-lowering therapy in outpatient practice: RECVAS Register data. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2016;19(1):9-14 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed20161919-14
33. Perrone V, Sangiorgi D, Buda S, Esposti LD. Residual cardiovascular risk in patients who received lipid-lowering treatment in a real-life setting: retrospective study. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2016;8:649-55. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S107992
34. Van den Berg MJ, Bhatt DL, Kappelle LJ, de Borst GJ, Cramer MJ, van der Graaf Y, Steg PG, Visseren FL; SMART study group; REACH Registry investigators. Identification of vascular patients at very high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events: validation of the current ACC/AHA very high risk criteria. Eur Heart J. 2017. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx102 [Epub ahead of print].
2. Панченко Е.П., Беленков Ю.Н. Характеристика и исходы атеротромбоза у амбулаторных больных в Российской Федерации (по материалам международного регистра REACH). Кардиология. 2008;(2):17-24 [Panchenko EP, Belenkov YuN. Characteristics and Outcomes of Atherothrombosis in Ambulatory Patients in Russian Federation (According to Materials of the International Register REACH). Kardiologiya. 2008;(2):17-24 (In Russ.)].
3. Li MF, Zhao CC, Li TT, Tu YF, Lu JX, Zhang R, Chen MY, Bao YQ, Li LX, Jia WP. The coexistence of carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis further increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:43. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0360-2
4. Сумин А.Н., Безденежных Н.А., Безденежных А.В., Иванов С.В., Барбараш О.Л., Барбараш Л.С. Влияние сахарного диабета 2-го типа на распространенность мультифокального атеросклероза у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиология. 2012;52(11):33-41 [Sumin AN, Bezdenezhnykh NA, Bezdenezhnykh AV, Ivanov SV, Barbarash OL, Barbarash LS. Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Extent of Multifocal Atherosclerosis in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Kardiologiya. 2012;52(11):33-41 (In Russ.)].
5. Сумин А.Н. Субклинический мультифокальный атеросклероз: как его выявлять и надо ли? Артериальная гипертензия. 2017;23(1):69-73 [Sumin AN. Subclinical multifocal atherosclerosis: should it be detected? Arterial’naya Gipertenziya. 2017;23(1):69-73 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.18705/1607-419Х-2017-23-1-69-73
6. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Сахарный диабет. 2017;20(1S):1-112 [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Sakharnyi Diabet = Diabetes Mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-112 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14341/DM20171S8
7. Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Шальнова С.А., Щербакова Н.В., Андреенко Е.Ю., Романчук С.В., Шутемова Е.А., Белова О.А., Бойцов С.А. Ультразвуковые параметры атеросклероза сонных и бедренных артерий у больных ишемической болезнью сердца. Профилактическая медицина. 2014;17(6):56-63 [Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Shal'nova SA, Shcherbakova NV, Andreenko EYu, Romanchuk SV, Shutemova EA, Belova OA, Boytsov SA. Ultrasound parameters of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2014;17(6):56-63 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed201417656-63
8. Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, Adams H, Amarenco P, Bornstein N, Csiba L, Desvarieux M, Ebrahim S, Hernandez Hernandez R, Jaff M, Kownator S, Naqvi T, Prati P, Rundek T, Sitzer M, Schminke U, Tardif JC, Taylor A, Vicaut E, Woo KS. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004–2006–2011). An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(4):290-6. doi: 10.1159/000343145
9. Akazawa S, Tojikubo M, Nakano Y, Nakamura S, Tamai H, Yonemoto K, Sadasima E, Kawasaki T, Koga N. Usefulness of carotid plaque (sum and maximum of plaque thickness) in combination with intima-media thickness for the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2016;7(3):396-403. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12403
10. DeMarco JK, Spence JD. Plaque Assessment in the Management of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2016;26(1):111-27. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2015.09.009
11. Spence JD. Measurement of carotid plaque burden. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(4):383-4. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3002
12. Мельников И.Ю., Григоричева Е.А., Яшина Л.М. Сравнительная оценка локальной жесткости артерий у пациентов с гипертонической болезнью, ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом. Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2011;10(2):53-7 [Melnikov IYu, Grigoricheva EA, Yashina LM. Comparative evaluation of local stiffness of arteries of patients with essential hypertension, ischemic disease and diabetes mellitus. Regionarnoe Krovoobrashchenie i Mikrotsirkulyatsiya = Regional Haemodynamics and Microcirculation. 2011;10(2):53-7 (In Russ.)].
13. Van Sloten TT, Schram MT, van den Hurk K, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Henry RM, Stehouwer CD. Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the Hoorn study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(17):1739-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.041
14. Boesen ME, Singh D, Menon BK, Frayne R. A systematic literature review of the effect of carotid atherosclerosis on local vessel stiffness and elasticity. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(1):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.008
15. Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison MA, Creager MA, Diehm C, Fowkes FG, Hiatt WR, Jönsson B, Lacroix P, Marin B, McDermott MM, Norgren L, Pande RL, Preux PM, Stoffers HE, Treat-Jacobson D; American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;126(24):2890-909. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb
16. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, Fleisher LA, Fowkes FG, Hamburg NM, Kinlay S, Lookstein R, Misra S, Mureebe L, Olin JW, Patel RA, Regensteiner JG, Schanzer A, Shishehbor MH, Stewart KJ, Treat-Jacobson D, Walsh ME. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11):71-126. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000471
17. Aboyans V. Polyvascular Disease: Definition, Epidemiology, and Relevance. In: Lanzer P, ed. PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_213-1
18. Грачева С.А., Бирагова М.С., Глазунова А.М., Клефортова И.И., Шамхалова М.Щ., Джавелидзе М.И., Солдатова Т.В., Ильин А.В., Шестакова М.В., Тугеева Э.Ф., Бузиашвили Ю.И. Факторы риска и прогностическая значимость мультифокального атеросклероза у больных сахарным диабетом. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(10):20-6 [Gracheva SA, Biragova MS, Glazunova AM, Klefortova II, Shamkhalova MSh, Dzhavelidze MI, Soldatova TV, Il'in AV, Shestakova MV, Tugeeva ÉF, Buziashvili YuI. Risk factors for and prognostic value of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(10):20-6 (In Russ.)].
19. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, Björck M, Brodmann M, Cohnert T, Collet JP, Czerny M, De Carlo M, Debus S, Espinola-Klein C, Kahan T, Kownator S, Mazzolai L, Naylor AR, Roffi M, Röther J, Sprynger M, Tendera M, Tepe G, Venermo M, Vlachopoulos C, Desormais I; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095 [Epub ahead of print].
20. López-Melgar B, Fernández-Friera L, Oliva B, García-Ruiz JM, Peñalvo JL, Gómez-Talavera S, Sánchez-González J, Mendiguren JM, Ibáñez B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sanz J, Fuster V. Subclinical Atherosclerosis Burden by 3D Ultrasound in Mid-Life: The PESA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.033
21. Jönelid B, Johnston N, Berglund L, Andrén B, Kragsterman B, Christersson C. Ankle brachial index most important to identify polyvascular disease in patients with non-ST elevation or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;30:55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.016
22. Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease risk assessment with the ankle-brachial index in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(2):342-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00008
23. Collet FP. AMERICA: Systematic detection and management of multivascular involvement of atherothrombosis in coronary patients in comparison with treatment of coronary disease only. European Society of Cardiology 2016 Congress. August 29, 2016. Abstract 4160.
24. Al-Thani H, Shabana A, Hussein A, Sadek A, Sharaf A, Koshy V, El-Menyar A. Cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients undergoing regular hemodialysis: a 5-year observational study. Angiology. 2015;66(3):225-30. doi: 10.1177/0003319714523672
25. Franzone A, Piccolo R, Gargiulo G, Ariotti S, Marino M, Santucci A, Baldo A, Magnani G, Moschovitis A, Windecker S, Valgimigli M. Prolonged vs Short Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With or Without Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Subgroup Analysis of the PRODIGY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(7):795-803. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.2811
26. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Storey RF, Steg PG, Cohen M, Kuder J, Goodrich E, Nicolau JC, Parkhomenko A, Lopez-Sendon J, Dellborg M, Dalby A, Spinar J, Aylward P, Corbalan R, Abola MT, Jensen EC, Held P, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Ticagrelor for prevention of ischemic events after myocardial infarction in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2719-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.524
27. Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419
28. Tam MC, Longenecker CT, Chow C, Vest M, Sukeena R, Madan Mohan SK, Carman T, Parikh SA, Josephson RA. Occult peripheral artery disease is common and limits the benefit achieved in cardiac rehabilitation. Vasc Med. 2016;21(2):130-6. doi: 10.1177/1358863X15625370
29. Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S, Moxham T, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD001800. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub2
30. Martin BJ, Arena R, Haykowsky M, Hauer T, Austford LD, Knudtson M, Aggarwal S, Stone JA; APPROACH Investigators. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.013
31. González-Clemente JM, Piniés JA, Calle-Pascual A, Saavedra A, Sánchez C, Bellido D, Martín-Folgueras T, Moraga I, Recasens A, Girbés J, Sánchez-Zamorano MA, Mauricio D; PADiD Study Group. Cardiovascular risk factor management is poorer in diabetic patients with undiagnosed peripheral arterial disease than in those with known coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Results of a nationwide study in tertiary diabetes centres. Diabet Med. 2008;25(4):427-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02402.x
32. Загребельный А.В., Марцевич С.Ю., Лукьянов М.М., Воробьев А.Н., Мосейчук К.А., Якушин С.С., Ершова А.И., Бойцов С.А. Качество гиполипидемической терапии в амбулаторно-поликлинической практике: данные регистра РЕКВАЗА. Профилактическая медицина. 2016;19(1):9-14 [Zagrebelnyi AV, Martsevich SYu, Lukyanov MM, Vorobyev AN, Moseichuk KA, Yakushin SS, Ershova AI, Boytsov SA. Quality of lipid-lowering therapy in outpatient practice: RECVAS Register data. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2016;19(1):9-14 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed20161919-14
33. Perrone V, Sangiorgi D, Buda S, Esposti LD. Residual cardiovascular risk in patients who received lipid-lowering treatment in a real-life setting: retrospective study. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2016;8:649-55. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S107992
34. Van den Berg MJ, Bhatt DL, Kappelle LJ, de Borst GJ, Cramer MJ, van der Graaf Y, Steg PG, Visseren FL; SMART study group; REACH Registry investigators. Identification of vascular patients at very high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events: validation of the current ACC/AHA very high risk criteria. Eur Heart J. 2017. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx102 [Epub ahead of print].
________________________________________________
2. [Panchenko EP, Belenkov YuN. Characteristics and Outcomes of Atherothrombosis in Ambulatory Patients in Russian Federation (According to Materials of the International Register REACH). Kardiologiya. 2008;(2):17-24 (In Russ.)].
3. Li MF, Zhao CC, Li TT, Tu YF, Lu JX, Zhang R, Chen MY, Bao YQ, Li LX, Jia WP. The coexistence of carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis further increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:43. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0360-2
4. [Sumin AN, Bezdenezhnykh NA, Bezdenezhnykh AV, Ivanov SV, Barbarash OL, Barbarash LS. Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Extent of Multifocal Atherosclerosis in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Kardiologiya. 2012;52(11):33-41 (In Russ.)].
5. [Sumin AN. Subclinical multifocal atherosclerosis: should it be detected? Arterial’naya Gipertenziya. 2017;23(1):69-73 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.18705/1607-419Х-2017-23-1-69-73
6. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Sakharnyi Diabet = Diabetes Mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-112 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14341/DM20171S8
7. [Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Shal'nova SA, Shcherbakova NV, Andreenko EYu, Romanchuk SV, Shutemova EA, Belova OA, Boytsov SA. Ultrasound parameters of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2014;17(6):56-63 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed201417656-63
8. Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, Adams H, Amarenco P, Bornstein N, Csiba L, Desvarieux M, Ebrahim S, Hernandez Hernandez R, Jaff M, Kownator S, Naqvi T, Prati P, Rundek T, Sitzer M, Schminke U, Tardif JC, Taylor A, Vicaut E, Woo KS. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004–2006–2011). An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(4):290-6. doi: 10.1159/000343145
9. Akazawa S, Tojikubo M, Nakano Y, Nakamura S, Tamai H, Yonemoto K, Sadasima E, Kawasaki T, Koga N. Usefulness of carotid plaque (sum and maximum of plaque thickness) in combination with intima-media thickness for the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2016;7(3):396-403. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12403
10. DeMarco JK, Spence JD. Plaque Assessment in the Management of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2016;26(1):111-27. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2015.09.009
11. Spence JD. Measurement of carotid plaque burden. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(4):383-4. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3002
12. [Melnikov IYu, Grigoricheva EA, Yashina LM. Comparative evaluation of local stiffness of arteries of patients with essential hypertension, ischemic disease and diabetes mellitus. Regionarnoe Krovoobrashchenie i Mikrotsirkulyatsiya = Regional Haemodynamics and Microcirculation. 2011;10(2):53-7 (In Russ.)].
13. Van Sloten TT, Schram MT, van den Hurk K, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Henry RM, Stehouwer CD. Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the Hoorn study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(17):1739-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.041
14. Boesen ME, Singh D, Menon BK, Frayne R. A systematic literature review of the effect of carotid atherosclerosis on local vessel stiffness and elasticity. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(1):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.008
15. Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison MA, Creager MA, Diehm C, Fowkes FG, Hiatt WR, Jönsson B, Lacroix P, Marin B, McDermott MM, Norgren L, Pande RL, Preux PM, Stoffers HE, Treat-Jacobson D; American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;126(24):2890-909. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb
16. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, Fleisher LA, Fowkes FG, Hamburg NM, Kinlay S, Lookstein R, Misra S, Mureebe L, Olin JW, Patel RA, Regensteiner JG, Schanzer A, Shishehbor MH, Stewart KJ, Treat-Jacobson D, Walsh ME. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11):71-126. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000471
17. Aboyans V. Polyvascular Disease: Definition, Epidemiology, and Relevance. In: Lanzer P, ed. PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_213-1
18. [Gracheva SA, Biragova MS, Glazunova AM, Klefortova II, Shamkhalova MSh, Dzhavelidze MI, Soldatova TV, Il'in AV, Shestakova MV, Tugeeva ÉF, Buziashvili YuI. Risk factors for and prognostic value of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(10):20-6 (In Russ.)].
19. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, Björck M, Brodmann M, Cohnert T, Collet JP, Czerny M, De Carlo M, Debus S, Espinola-Klein C, Kahan T, Kownator S, Mazzolai L, Naylor AR, Roffi M, Röther J, Sprynger M, Tendera M, Tepe G, Venermo M, Vlachopoulos C, Desormais I; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095 [Epub ahead of print].
20. López-Melgar B, Fernández-Friera L, Oliva B, García-Ruiz JM, Peñalvo JL, Gómez-Talavera S, Sánchez-González J, Mendiguren JM, Ibáñez B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sanz J, Fuster V. Subclinical Atherosclerosis Burden by 3D Ultrasound in Mid-Life: The PESA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.033
21. Jönelid B, Johnston N, Berglund L, Andrén B, Kragsterman B, Christersson C. Ankle brachial index most important to identify polyvascular disease in patients with non-ST elevation or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;30:55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.016
22. Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease risk assessment with the ankle-brachial index in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(2):342-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00008
23. Collet FP. AMERICA: Systematic detection and management of multivascular involvement of atherothrombosis in coronary patients in comparison with treatment of coronary disease only. European Society of Cardiology 2016 Congress. August 29, 2016. Abstract 4160.
24. Al-Thani H, Shabana A, Hussein A, Sadek A, Sharaf A, Koshy V, El-Menyar A. Cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients undergoing regular hemodialysis: a 5-year observational study. Angiology. 2015;66(3):225-30. doi: 10.1177/0003319714523672
25. Franzone A, Piccolo R, Gargiulo G, Ariotti S, Marino M, Santucci A, Baldo A, Magnani G, Moschovitis A, Windecker S, Valgimigli M. Prolonged vs Short Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With or Without Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Subgroup Analysis of the PRODIGY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(7):795-803. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.2811
26. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Storey RF, Steg PG, Cohen M, Kuder J, Goodrich E, Nicolau JC, Parkhomenko A, Lopez-Sendon J, Dellborg M, Dalby A, Spinar J, Aylward P, Corbalan R, Abola MT, Jensen EC, Held P, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Ticagrelor for prevention of ischemic events after myocardial infarction in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2719-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.524
27. Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2017 Aug 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419
28. Tam MC, Longenecker CT, Chow C, Vest M, Sukeena R, Madan Mohan SK, Carman T, Parikh SA, Josephson RA. Occult peripheral artery disease is common and limits the benefit achieved in cardiac rehabilitation. Vasc Med. 2016;21(2):130-6. doi: 10.1177/1358863X15625370
29. Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S, Moxham T, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD001800. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub2
30. Martin BJ, Arena R, Haykowsky M, Hauer T, Austford LD, Knudtson M, Aggarwal S, Stone JA; APPROACH Investigators. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.013
31. González-Clemente JM, Piniés JA, Calle-Pascual A, Saavedra A, Sánchez C, Bellido D, Martín-Folgueras T, Moraga I, Recasens A, Girbés J, Sánchez-Zamorano MA, Mauricio D; PADiD Study Group. Cardiovascular risk factor management is poorer in diabetic patients with undiagnosed peripheral arterial disease than in those with known coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Results of a nationwide study in tertiary diabetes centres. Diabet Med. 2008;25(4):427-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02402.x
32. [Zagrebelnyi AV, Martsevich SYu, Lukyanov MM, Vorobyev AN, Moseichuk KA, Yakushin SS, Ershova AI, Boytsov SA. Quality of lipid-lowering therapy in outpatient practice: RECVAS Register data. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2016;19(1):9-14 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/profmed20161919-14
33. Perrone V, Sangiorgi D, Buda S, Esposti LD. Residual cardiovascular risk in patients who received lipid-lowering treatment in a real-life setting: retrospective study. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2016;8:649-55. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S107992
34. Van den Berg MJ, Bhatt DL, Kappelle LJ, de Borst GJ, Cramer MJ, van der Graaf Y, Steg PG, Visseren FL; SMART study group; REACH Registry investigators. Identification of vascular patients at very high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events: validation of the current ACC/AHA very high risk criteria. Eur Heart J. 2017. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx102 [Epub ahead of print].
Авторы
В.В. Генкель, А.О. Салашенко, Т.Н. Шамаева, В.А. Сумеркина, К.В. Никушкина, И.И. Шапошник
ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Челябинск, Россия
South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Челябинск, Россия
________________________________________________
South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.