Факторы риска неблагоприятного прогноза хронического гепатита С
Факторы риска неблагоприятного прогноза хронического гепатита С
Щаницына С.Е., Бурневич Э.З., Никулкина Е.Н. и др. Факторы риска неблагоприятного прогноза хронического гепатита С. Терапевтический архив. 2019; 91 (2): 8–66.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.02.000082
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.02.000082
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Аннотация
Цель исследования. Изучение факторов риска (ФР) неблагоприятного прогноза хронического гепатита С (ХГС), ассоциированных с развитием цирроза печени (ЦП), декомпенсированного ЦП, гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы (ГЦК), тяжелых форм криоглобулинемического васкулита (КГВ) и В-клеточной неходжкинской лимфомы.
Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно изучены данные 824 больных ХГС, обследованных в клинике им. Е.М. Тареева с 2010 по 2016 г. С помощью многофакторного анализа выявлены независимые факторы риска/предикторы неблагоприятного прогноза течения ХГС.
Результаты и обсуждение. Цирроз печени выявлен у 322 человек (39,1%), декомпенсированный ЦП – у 115 (14,0%), ГЦК – у 23 (2,8%), тяжелые формы КГВ – у 43 (5,2%) и В-клеточная лимфома – у 10 (1,2%). Частота встречаемости В-клеточной лимфомы среди больных с КГВ – 10,7% (10/93). Стандартизованные по полу и возрасту показатели частоты развития ЦП, декомпенсированного ЦП и ГЦК составили 22,5; 8,0 и 1,5%, соответственно. Ежегодная частота развития ЦП у больных ХГС равнялась 1,5%, ежегодная частота развития декомпенсации и ГЦК у больных с ЦП – 2,9 и 1,0%, соответственно. Независимыми ФР развития ЦП стали: избыточная масса тела [отношение шансов (ОШ) 1,43], иммуносупрессивная терапия (ОШ 1,67), сахарный диабет (СД) 2-го типа (ОШ 2,03), отсутствие противовирусной терапии (ПВТ; ОШ 2,15), злоупотребление алкоголем (ОШ 2,34), длительность инфекции ≥20 лет (ОШ 2,74) и отсутствие устойчивого вирусологического ответа (УВО; ОШ 2,98). У пациентов с циррозом независимые ФР декомпенсации ЦП включали СД 2-го типа (ОШ 1,47), злоупотребление алкоголем (ОШ 1,53), отсутствие ПВТ (ОШ 2,36) и отсутствие УВО (ОШ 1,94). Независимым предиктором развития ГЦК был эпизод декомпенсации ЦП (ОШ 3,99); независимыми ФР тяжелых форм КГВ – генотип вируса 1b (ОШ 1,66) и отсутствие ПВТ (ОШ 3,31). Для оценки риска развития ЦП и его осложнений предложены две балльные шкалы.
Заключение. Выявлены независимые ФР развития ЦП, декомпенсации ЦП, ГЦК, тяжелого КГВ у больных ХГС. Рассчитаны показатели частоты спектра неблагоприятных исходов ХГС, включая редкие внепеченочные проявления.
Ключевые слова: хронический гепатит С, цирроз печени, декомпенсированный цирроз печени, гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома, криоглобулинемический васкулит, В-клеточная лимфома, предикторы, факторы риска.
Materials and methods. This was a retrospective study using data of 824 patients with CHC hospitalized between 2010 and 2016 in clinic named after E.M. Tareev. We used multivariate analysis including logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for potential risk factors/predictors associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with CHC.
Results and discussion. The rate of LC, decompensated LC, HCC, serious CryoVas and B-cell lymphoma in patients with CHC was 39.1% (322/824), 14.0% (115/824), 2.8% (23/824), 5.2% (43/824) and 1.2% (10/824), respectively. After adjustment for sex and age the rate of LC, decompensated LC, HCC was 22.8, 8.0 and 1.5%, respectively. Annual rate of LC in patients with CHC was 1.5%; in cirrhotic patients annual rate of decompensated LC and HCC was 2.9 and 1%, respectively. Risk factors independently associated with development of LC were elevated body mass index (OR 1.43), immunosuppressive therapy (OR 1.67), diabetes type 2 (OR 2.03), absence of antiviral therapy (OR 2.15), alcohol abuse (OR 2.34), duration of infection ≥20 years (ОR 2.74) and an absence of sustained virological responce (SVR) (OR 2.98). Independent risk factors for decompensation in cirrhotic patients included diabetes type 2 (OR 1.47), alcohol abuse (OR 1.53), an absence of antiviral therapy (OR 2.36) and an absence of SVR (OR 1.94). An episode of decompensation was the independent predictor of HCC in cirrhotic patients (OR 3.99). Genotype 1b (OR 1.66) and an absence of antiviral therapy (OR 3.31) were independently associated with serious CryoVas. Two prognostic scales were offered for risk evaluation of LC and its complications.
Conclusions. Multivariate analysis showed several factors independently associated with higher risk for LC, decompensation of LC, HCC, serious CryoVas in patients with CHC. The rate of unfavorable outcomes of CHC is found, including rare extrahepatic manifestations.
Keywords: chronic hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis, decompensation of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell lymphome, predictors, risk factors.
Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно изучены данные 824 больных ХГС, обследованных в клинике им. Е.М. Тареева с 2010 по 2016 г. С помощью многофакторного анализа выявлены независимые факторы риска/предикторы неблагоприятного прогноза течения ХГС.
Результаты и обсуждение. Цирроз печени выявлен у 322 человек (39,1%), декомпенсированный ЦП – у 115 (14,0%), ГЦК – у 23 (2,8%), тяжелые формы КГВ – у 43 (5,2%) и В-клеточная лимфома – у 10 (1,2%). Частота встречаемости В-клеточной лимфомы среди больных с КГВ – 10,7% (10/93). Стандартизованные по полу и возрасту показатели частоты развития ЦП, декомпенсированного ЦП и ГЦК составили 22,5; 8,0 и 1,5%, соответственно. Ежегодная частота развития ЦП у больных ХГС равнялась 1,5%, ежегодная частота развития декомпенсации и ГЦК у больных с ЦП – 2,9 и 1,0%, соответственно. Независимыми ФР развития ЦП стали: избыточная масса тела [отношение шансов (ОШ) 1,43], иммуносупрессивная терапия (ОШ 1,67), сахарный диабет (СД) 2-го типа (ОШ 2,03), отсутствие противовирусной терапии (ПВТ; ОШ 2,15), злоупотребление алкоголем (ОШ 2,34), длительность инфекции ≥20 лет (ОШ 2,74) и отсутствие устойчивого вирусологического ответа (УВО; ОШ 2,98). У пациентов с циррозом независимые ФР декомпенсации ЦП включали СД 2-го типа (ОШ 1,47), злоупотребление алкоголем (ОШ 1,53), отсутствие ПВТ (ОШ 2,36) и отсутствие УВО (ОШ 1,94). Независимым предиктором развития ГЦК был эпизод декомпенсации ЦП (ОШ 3,99); независимыми ФР тяжелых форм КГВ – генотип вируса 1b (ОШ 1,66) и отсутствие ПВТ (ОШ 3,31). Для оценки риска развития ЦП и его осложнений предложены две балльные шкалы.
Заключение. Выявлены независимые ФР развития ЦП, декомпенсации ЦП, ГЦК, тяжелого КГВ у больных ХГС. Рассчитаны показатели частоты спектра неблагоприятных исходов ХГС, включая редкие внепеченочные проявления.
Ключевые слова: хронический гепатит С, цирроз печени, декомпенсированный цирроз печени, гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома, криоглобулинемический васкулит, В-клеточная лимфома, предикторы, факторы риска.
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. This was a retrospective study using data of 824 patients with CHC hospitalized between 2010 and 2016 in clinic named after E.M. Tareev. We used multivariate analysis including logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for potential risk factors/predictors associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with CHC.
Results and discussion. The rate of LC, decompensated LC, HCC, serious CryoVas and B-cell lymphoma in patients with CHC was 39.1% (322/824), 14.0% (115/824), 2.8% (23/824), 5.2% (43/824) and 1.2% (10/824), respectively. After adjustment for sex and age the rate of LC, decompensated LC, HCC was 22.8, 8.0 and 1.5%, respectively. Annual rate of LC in patients with CHC was 1.5%; in cirrhotic patients annual rate of decompensated LC and HCC was 2.9 and 1%, respectively. Risk factors independently associated with development of LC were elevated body mass index (OR 1.43), immunosuppressive therapy (OR 1.67), diabetes type 2 (OR 2.03), absence of antiviral therapy (OR 2.15), alcohol abuse (OR 2.34), duration of infection ≥20 years (ОR 2.74) and an absence of sustained virological responce (SVR) (OR 2.98). Independent risk factors for decompensation in cirrhotic patients included diabetes type 2 (OR 1.47), alcohol abuse (OR 1.53), an absence of antiviral therapy (OR 2.36) and an absence of SVR (OR 1.94). An episode of decompensation was the independent predictor of HCC in cirrhotic patients (OR 3.99). Genotype 1b (OR 1.66) and an absence of antiviral therapy (OR 3.31) were independently associated with serious CryoVas. Two prognostic scales were offered for risk evaluation of LC and its complications.
Conclusions. Multivariate analysis showed several factors independently associated with higher risk for LC, decompensation of LC, HCC, serious CryoVas in patients with CHC. The rate of unfavorable outcomes of CHC is found, including rare extrahepatic manifestations.
Keywords: chronic hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis, decompensation of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell lymphome, predictors, risk factors.
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2. WHO. Hepatitis C. Newsletter dated 07/18/2018 [Electronic resource]. Available from: http://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c (In Russ.) (Ссылка активна на 31.07.2018).
3. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
4. Yushchuk ND, Znoyko OO, Dudina KR, Belyi PA. The problem of viral hepatitis C in the Russian Federation. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(10):77-81 (In Russ.)
5. Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):S45-S57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.027
6. Yakushechkina NA, Yushchuk ND, Znoyko OO, Dudina KR, Safiullina NKh, Belyi PA, Lugovskih EA. Pharmacoeconomic substantiation of the use of telaprevir in combined antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C with severe fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis in the Russian Federation. Lechashchyi Vrach. 2013;(5):97-103 (In Russ.)
7. European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;56(4):908-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001
8. Alazawi W, Cunningham M, Dearden J, Foster GR. Systematic review: Outcome of compensated cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;32(3):344-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04370.x
9. Ignatova TМ. Natural history of chronic HCV-infection. Rossijskij Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii, Koloproktologii. 2002;12(2):20-30 (In Russ.)
10. Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC. Schiff’s diseases of the liver. Viral hepatitis and cholestatic diseases. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007]. doi: 10.1002/9781119950509
11. Calzadilla-Bertot L, Vilar-Gomez E, Torres-Gonzalez A, Socias-Lopez M, Diago M, Adams L, Romero-Gomez M. Impaired glucose metabolism increases risk of hepatic decompensation and death in patients with compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2016;48(3):283-90. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.12.002
12. Meer AJ van der, Feld JJ, Hofer H, et al. Risk of cirrhosis-related complications in patients with advanced fibrosis following hepatitis C virus eradication. J Hepatol. 2017;66(3):485-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.017
13. Trinchet JC, Bourcier V, Chaffaut C, et al. Complications and competing risks of death in compensated viral cirrhosis (ANRS CO12 CirVir prospective cohort). Hepatol. 2015;62(3):737-50. doi: 10.1002/hep.27743
14. Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM, Goldberg DJ, et al. Influence of alcohol on the progression of hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3(11):1150-9. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00407-6
15. Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: State-of-the-art. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(4):108-16 (In Russ.)
16. Khazanov AI, Plyusnin SV, Vasil’yev AP, et al. Alcoholic and viral liver cirrhoses at inpatients (1996–2005): prevalence and outcomes. Rossijskij Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii I Koloproktologii. 2007;17(2):19-28 (In Russ.).
17. García-Compean D, Jaquez-Quintana J, Maldonado-Garza H. Hepatogenous diabetes. Current views of an ancient problem. Ann Hepatol. 2009;8(1):13-20.
18. Ruhl C, Menke A, Cowie C, Everhart J. Relationship of hepatitis C virus infection with diabetes in the U.S. population. Hepatology. 2014;60(4):1139-49. doi: 10.1002/hep.27047
19. Arase Y, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F, et al. Effect of type 2 diabetes on risk for malignancies includes hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2013;57(3):964-73. doi: 10.1002/hep.26087
20. Huang Y, Yang S, Fu S, et al. Increased risk of cirrhosis and its decompensation in chronic hepatitis C patients with new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Hepatology. 2014;60(3):807-14. doi: 10.1002/hep.27212
21. Aleman S, Rahbin N, Weiland O, et al. A risk for hepatocellular carcinoma persists long-term after sustained virologic response in patients with hepatitis C-associated liver cirrhosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(2):230-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit234
22. Bruno S, Stroffolini T, Colombo M, et al. Sustained virological response to interferon-alpha is associated with improved outcome in HCV-related cirrhosis: a retrospective study. Italian Association of the Study of the Liver Disease (AISF). Hepatology. 2007;45(3):579-87. doi: 10.1002/hep.21492
23. Smith-Palmer J, Cerri K, Valentine W. Achieving sustained virologic response in hepatitis C: a systematic review of the clinical, economic and quality of life benefits. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0748-8
24. Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Cazzato M, Longombardo G, Antonelli A, Puccini R, Michelassi C, Zignego A. Mixed cryoglobulinemia: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 231 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;33(6):355-74. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2003.10.001
25. Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Ilyas J, Duan Z, El-Serag H. HCV genotype 3 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of U.S. Veterans with HCV. Hepatology. 2014;60(1):98-105. doi: 10.1002/hep.27095
26. Raimondi S, Bruno S, Mondelli M, Maisonneuve P. Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2009;50(6):1142-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.01.019
27. Westbrook R, Dusheiko G. Natural history of hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):58-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.012
28. Pirogova IYu, Gorfinkel AN, Pyshkin SA. Non Invasive Diagnosis of Fibrosis in Chronic HCV-Infection. Lechebnoe Delo. 2011;(3):50-7 (In Russ.)
29. Ignatova TM, Chernova OA, Burnevich EZ, Milovanova SYu. Successful treatment of severe HCV-cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with the use of CD20 monoclonal antibodies andantiviral agents. Klinicheskaya Medicina. 2014;92(8):62-4 (In Russ.)
30. Cacoub P, Comarmond C. New insights into HCV-related rheumatologic disorders: A review. J Adv Res. 2017;8(2):89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.07.005
31. Tong M, el-Farra N, Reikes A, Co R. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(22):1463-6. doi: 10.1056/nejm199506013322202
32. Wiese M, Berr F, Lafrenz M, Porst H, Oesen U. Low frequency of cirrhosis in a hepatitis C(genotype 1b) single-source outbreak in germany: A 20-year multicenter study. Hepatology. 2000;32(1):91-6. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2000.8169
33. Thein H, Yi Q, Dore G, Yi Q, Krahn MD. Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):418-31. doi: 10.1002/hep.22375
34. Nahon P, Kettaneh A, Lemoine M, Seror O, Barget N, Trinchet JC, Beaugrand M, Ganne-Carrié N. Liver stiffness measurement in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(2):214-9. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32830eb8d7
2. ВОЗ. Гепатит С. Информационный бюллетень от 18.07.2018 [Электронный ресурс]. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.who.int/ ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c [WHO. Hepatitis C. Newsletter dated 07/18/2018 [Electronic resource]. Available from: http://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c (In Russ.)] (Ссылка активна на 31.07.2018).
3. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
4. Ющук Н.Д., Знойко О.О., Дудина К.Р., Белый П.А. Проблема вирусного гепатита С в Российской Федерации. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(10):77-81 [Yushchuk ND, Znoyko OO, Dudina KR, Belyi PA. The problem of viral hepatitis C in the Russian Federation. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(10):77-81 (In Russ.)].
5. Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):S45-S57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.027
6. Якушечкина Н.А., Ющук Н.Д., Знойко О.О., Дудина К.Р., Сафиуллина Н.Х., Белый П.А., Луговских Е.А. Фармакоэкономическое обоснование применения телапревира в комбинированной противовирусной терапии у больных хроническим гепатитом С с выраженным фиброзом и компенсированным циррозом печени в условиях Российской Федерации. Лечащий врач. 2013;(5):97-103 [Yakushechkina NA, Yushchuk ND, Znoyko OO, Dudina KR, Safiullina NKh, Belyi PA, Lugovskih EA. Pharmacoeconomic substantiation of the use of telaprevir in combined antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C with severe fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis in the Russian Federation. Lechashchyi Vrach. 2013;(5):97-103 (In Russ.)].
7. European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;56(4):908-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001
8. Alazawi W, Cunningham M, Dearden J, Foster GR. Systematic review: Outcome of compensated cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;32(3):344-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04370.x
9. Игнатова Т.М. Естественное течение хронической HCV-инфекции. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2002;12(2):20-30 [Ignatova TМ. Natural history of chronic HCV-infection. Rossijskij Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii, Koloproktologii. 2002;12(2):20-30 (In Russ.)].
10. Шифф Ю.Р., Соррел М.Ф., Мэддрей У.С. Болезни печени по Шиффу. Вирусные гепатиты и холестатические заболевания. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2010 [Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC. Schiff’s diseases of the liver. Viral hepatitis and cholestatic diseases. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007]. doi: 10.1002/9781119950509
11. Calzadilla-Bertot L, Vilar-Gomez E, Torres-Gonzalez A, Socias-Lopez M, Diago M, Adams L, Romero-Gomez M. Impaired glucose metabolism increases risk of hepatic decompensation and death in patients with compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2016;48(3):283-90. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.12.002
12. Meer AJ van der, Feld JJ, Hofer H, et al. Risk of cirrhosis-related complications in patients with advanced fibrosis following hepatitis C virus eradication. J Hepatol. 2017;66(3):485-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.017
13. Trinchet JC, Bourcier V, Chaffaut C, et al. Complications and competing risks of death in compensated viral cirrhosis (ANRS CO12 CirVir prospective cohort). Hepatol. 2015;62(3):737-50. doi: 10.1002/hep.27743
14. Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM, Goldberg DJ, et al. Influence of alcohol on the progression of hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3(11):1150-9. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00407-6
15. Маев И.В., Абдурахманов Д.Т., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т. Алкогольная болезнь печени: современное состояние проблемы. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(4):108-16 [Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: State-of-the-art. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(4):108-16 (In Russ.)].
16. Хазанов А.И., Плюснин С.В., Васильев А.П. и др. Алкогольные и вирусные циррозы печени у стационарных больных (1996–2005 гг.): распространенность и исходы. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2007;17(2):19-28 [Khazanov AI, Plyusnin SV, Vasil’yev AP, et al. Alcoholic and viral liver cirrhoses at inpatients (1996–2005): prevalence and outcomes. Rossijskij Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii I Koloproktologii. 2007;17(2):19-28 (In Russ.).]
17. García-Compean D, Jaquez-Quintana J, Maldonado-Garza H. Hepatogenous diabetes. Current views of an ancient problem. Ann Hepatol. 2009;8(1):13-20.
18. Ruhl C, Menke A, Cowie C, Everhart J. Relationship of hepatitis C virus infection with diabetes in the U.S. population. Hepatology. 2014;60(4):1139-49. doi: 10.1002/hep.27047
19. Arase Y, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F, et al. Effect of type 2 diabetes on risk for malignancies includes hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2013;57(3):964-73. doi: 10.1002/hep.26087
20. Huang Y, Yang S, Fu S, et al. Increased risk of cirrhosis and its decompensation in chronic hepatitis C patients with new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Hepatology. 2014;60(3):807-14. doi: 10.1002/hep.27212
21. Aleman S, Rahbin N, Weiland O, et al. A risk for hepatocellular carcinoma persists long-term after sustained virologic response in patients with hepatitis C-associated liver cirrhosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(2):230-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit234
22. Bruno S, Stroffolini T, Colombo M, et al. Sustained virological response to interferon-alpha is associated with improved outcome in HCV-related cirrhosis: a retrospective study. Italian Association of the Study of the Liver Disease (AISF). Hepatology. 2007;45(3):579-87. doi: 10.1002/hep.21492
23. Smith-Palmer J, Cerri K, Valentine W. Achieving sustained virologic response in hepatitis C: a systematic review of the clinical, economic and quality of life benefits. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0748-8
24. Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Cazzato M, Longombardo G, Antonelli A, Puccini R, Michelassi C, Zignego A. Mixed cryoglobulinemia: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 231 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;33(6):355-74. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2003.10.001
25. Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Ilyas J, Duan Z, El-Serag H. HCV genotype 3 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of U.S. Veterans with HCV. Hepatology. 2014;60(1):98-105. doi: 10.1002/hep.27095
26. Raimondi S, Bruno S, Mondelli M, Maisonneuve P. Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2009;50(6):1142-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.01.019
27. Westbrook R, Dusheiko G. Natural history of hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):58-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.012
28. Пирогова И.Ю., Горфинкель А.Н., Пышкин С.А. Неинвазивная диагностика фиброза при хронической HCV-инфекции. Лечебное дело. 2011;(3):50-7 [Pirogova IYu, Gorfinkel AN, Pyshkin SA. Non Invasive Diagnosis of Fibrosis in Chronic HCV-Infection. Lechebnoe Delo. 2011;(3):50-7 (In Russ.)].
29. Игнатова Т.М., Чернова О.А., Бурневич Э.З., Милованова С.Ю. Успешное лечение HCV-криоглобулинемического васкулита тяжелого течения с помощью СД-20 моноклональных антител и противовирусных препаратов. Клиническая медицина. 2014;92(8):62-4 [Ignatova TM, Chernova OA, Burnevich EZ, Milovanova SYu. Successful treatment of severe HCV-cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with the use of CD20 monoclonal antibodies andantiviral agents. Klinicheskaya Medicina. 2014;92(8):62-4 (In Russ.)].
30. Cacoub P, Comarmond C. New insights into HCV-related rheumatologic disorders: A review. J Adv Res. 2017;8(2):89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.07.005
31. Tong M, el-Farra N, Reikes A, Co R. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(22):1463-6. doi: 10.1056/nejm199506013322202
32. Wiese M, Berr F, Lafrenz M, Porst H, Oesen U. Low frequency of cirrhosis in a hepatitis C(genotype 1b) single-source outbreak in germany: A 20-year multicenter study. Hepatology. 2000;32(1):91-6. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2000.8169
33. Thein H, Yi Q, Dore G, Yi Q, Krahn MD. Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):418-31. doi: 10.1002/hep.22375
34. Nahon P, Kettaneh A, Lemoine M, Seror O, Barget N, Trinchet JC, Beaugrand M, Ganne-Carrié N. Liver stiffness measurement in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(2):214-9. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32830eb8d7
________________________________________________
2. WHO. Hepatitis C. Newsletter dated 07/18/2018 [Electronic resource]. Available from: http://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c (In Russ.) (Ссылка активна на 31.07.2018).
3. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
4. Yushchuk ND, Znoyko OO, Dudina KR, Belyi PA. The problem of viral hepatitis C in the Russian Federation. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(10):77-81 (In Russ.)
5. Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):S45-S57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.027
6. Yakushechkina NA, Yushchuk ND, Znoyko OO, Dudina KR, Safiullina NKh, Belyi PA, Lugovskih EA. Pharmacoeconomic substantiation of the use of telaprevir in combined antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C with severe fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis in the Russian Federation. Lechashchyi Vrach. 2013;(5):97-103 (In Russ.)
7. European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;56(4):908-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001
8. Alazawi W, Cunningham M, Dearden J, Foster GR. Systematic review: Outcome of compensated cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;32(3):344-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04370.x
9. Ignatova TМ. Natural history of chronic HCV-infection. Rossijskij Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii, Koloproktologii. 2002;12(2):20-30 (In Russ.)
10. Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC. Schiff’s diseases of the liver. Viral hepatitis and cholestatic diseases. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007]. doi: 10.1002/9781119950509
11. Calzadilla-Bertot L, Vilar-Gomez E, Torres-Gonzalez A, Socias-Lopez M, Diago M, Adams L, Romero-Gomez M. Impaired glucose metabolism increases risk of hepatic decompensation and death in patients with compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2016;48(3):283-90. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.12.002
12. Meer AJ van der, Feld JJ, Hofer H, et al. Risk of cirrhosis-related complications in patients with advanced fibrosis following hepatitis C virus eradication. J Hepatol. 2017;66(3):485-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.017
13. Trinchet JC, Bourcier V, Chaffaut C, et al. Complications and competing risks of death in compensated viral cirrhosis (ANRS CO12 CirVir prospective cohort). Hepatol. 2015;62(3):737-50. doi: 10.1002/hep.27743
14. Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM, Goldberg DJ, et al. Influence of alcohol on the progression of hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3(11):1150-9. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00407-6
15. Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: State-of-the-art. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(4):108-16 (In Russ.)
16. Khazanov AI, Plyusnin SV, Vasil’yev AP, et al. Alcoholic and viral liver cirrhoses at inpatients (1996–2005): prevalence and outcomes. Rossijskij Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii I Koloproktologii. 2007;17(2):19-28 (In Russ.).
17. García-Compean D, Jaquez-Quintana J, Maldonado-Garza H. Hepatogenous diabetes. Current views of an ancient problem. Ann Hepatol. 2009;8(1):13-20.
18. Ruhl C, Menke A, Cowie C, Everhart J. Relationship of hepatitis C virus infection with diabetes in the U.S. population. Hepatology. 2014;60(4):1139-49. doi: 10.1002/hep.27047
19. Arase Y, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F, et al. Effect of type 2 diabetes on risk for malignancies includes hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2013;57(3):964-73. doi: 10.1002/hep.26087
20. Huang Y, Yang S, Fu S, et al. Increased risk of cirrhosis and its decompensation in chronic hepatitis C patients with new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Hepatology. 2014;60(3):807-14. doi: 10.1002/hep.27212
21. Aleman S, Rahbin N, Weiland O, et al. A risk for hepatocellular carcinoma persists long-term after sustained virologic response in patients with hepatitis C-associated liver cirrhosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(2):230-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit234
22. Bruno S, Stroffolini T, Colombo M, et al. Sustained virological response to interferon-alpha is associated with improved outcome in HCV-related cirrhosis: a retrospective study. Italian Association of the Study of the Liver Disease (AISF). Hepatology. 2007;45(3):579-87. doi: 10.1002/hep.21492
23. Smith-Palmer J, Cerri K, Valentine W. Achieving sustained virologic response in hepatitis C: a systematic review of the clinical, economic and quality of life benefits. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0748-8
24. Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Cazzato M, Longombardo G, Antonelli A, Puccini R, Michelassi C, Zignego A. Mixed cryoglobulinemia: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 231 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;33(6):355-74. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2003.10.001
25. Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Ilyas J, Duan Z, El-Serag H. HCV genotype 3 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of U.S. Veterans with HCV. Hepatology. 2014;60(1):98-105. doi: 10.1002/hep.27095
26. Raimondi S, Bruno S, Mondelli M, Maisonneuve P. Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2009;50(6):1142-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.01.019
27. Westbrook R, Dusheiko G. Natural history of hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):58-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.012
28. Pirogova IYu, Gorfinkel AN, Pyshkin SA. Non Invasive Diagnosis of Fibrosis in Chronic HCV-Infection. Lechebnoe Delo. 2011;(3):50-7 (In Russ.)
29. Ignatova TM, Chernova OA, Burnevich EZ, Milovanova SYu. Successful treatment of severe HCV-cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with the use of CD20 monoclonal antibodies andantiviral agents. Klinicheskaya Medicina. 2014;92(8):62-4 (In Russ.)
30. Cacoub P, Comarmond C. New insights into HCV-related rheumatologic disorders: A review. J Adv Res. 2017;8(2):89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.07.005
31. Tong M, el-Farra N, Reikes A, Co R. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(22):1463-6. doi: 10.1056/nejm199506013322202
32. Wiese M, Berr F, Lafrenz M, Porst H, Oesen U. Low frequency of cirrhosis in a hepatitis C(genotype 1b) single-source outbreak in germany: A 20-year multicenter study. Hepatology. 2000;32(1):91-6. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2000.8169
33. Thein H, Yi Q, Dore G, Yi Q, Krahn MD. Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):418-31. doi: 10.1002/hep.22375
34. Nahon P, Kettaneh A, Lemoine M, Seror O, Barget N, Trinchet JC, Beaugrand M, Ganne-Carrié N. Liver stiffness measurement in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(2):214-9. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32830eb8d7
Авторы
С.Е. Щаницына1, Э.З. Бурневич1,2, Е.Н. Никулкина1, А.Л. Филатова1, С.В. Моисеев1,3, Н.А. Мухин1,3
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №24» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия
1 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
2 City Clinical Hospital №24, Moscow, Russia;
3 M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №24» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия
________________________________________________
1 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
2 City Clinical Hospital №24, Moscow, Russia;
3 M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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