Кашель: эволюция взглядов и современные подходы к объективной оценке

1. Madison JM, Irwin RS. Cough: a worldwide problem. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2010;43(1):1-13.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2009.11.001 
2. Morice AH, McGarvey L, Pavord I. British Thoracic Society Cough Guideline Group. Recommendations for the management of cough in adults. Thorax. 2006 Sep;61(Suppl 1):i1–i24. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/thorax.58.10.901 
3. Hallberg P, Nagy J, Karawajczyk M, Nordang L, Islander G, Norling P, et al. Comparison of clinical factors between patients with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema and cough. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Apr;51(4):293-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1060028016682251
4. Tanaka K, Akechi T, Okuyama T, Nishiwaki Y, Uchitomi Y. Factors correlated with dyspnea in advanced lung cancer patients: organic causes and what else? J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002 Jun;23(6):490-500. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0885-3924(02)00400-1
5. Woo-Jung Song, Yoon-Seok Chang, Shoaib Faruqi, Min-Koo Kang, Ju-Young Kim, Min-Gyu Kang et al. Defining Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Mar;8(2):146-55. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.146 
6. Kauffmann F, Varraso R. The epidemiology of cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;24(3):289-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2010.10.012 
7. Janson C, Chinn S , Jarvis D, Burney P. Determinants of cough in young adults participating in the European Community Respiratory Health. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:647-54. https://doi.org/10.1183/ 09031936.01.00098701 
8. Ford AC, Forman D, Moayyedi P, Morice AH. Cough in the community: a cross sectional survey and the relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms. Thorax. 2006 Nov;61(11):975-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.060087 
9. Ward N. The Leicester Cough Questionnaire. J Physiother. 2016 Jan;62(1):53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.05.011 
10. French CT, Irwin RS, Fletcher KE, Adams TM. Evaluation of a cough-specific quality-of-life questionnaire. Chest. 2002 Apr;121(4):1123-31. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.4.1123 
11. Spinou A, Birring SS. An update on measurement and monitoring of cough: what are the important study endpoints? J Thoracic Disease. 2014;6(Suppl 7):S728-S34. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.158 
12. Vernon M, Kline Leidy N, Nacson A, Nelsen L. Measuring cough severity: development and pilot testing of a new seven-item cough severity patient-reported outcome measure. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2010 Aug;4(4):199-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465810372526 
13. Hsu JY, Stone RA, Logan-Sinclair RB, Worsdell M, Busst CM, Chung KF. Coughing frequency in patients with persistent cough: assessment using a 24 hour ambulatory recorder. Eur Respir J. 1994 Jul;7(7):1246-53. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.94.07071246 
14. Prudon B, Birring SS, Vara DD, Hall АP, Thompson JP,  Pavord ID. Cough and glottic-stop reflex sensitivity in health and disease. Chest. 2005;127:550-7. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.127.2.550 
15. Hoglung NJ, Michaelson M. A method for determining the cough threshold with, some preliminary experiments on the effect of codeine. Acta Physiol Scand. 1950;21:168-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1950.tb00724.x 
16. Bickerman HA, Itkin SE. The effect of a new bronchodilator aerosol on the airflow dynamics of the maximal voluntary cough of patients with bronchial asthma and pulmonary emphysema. J Chron Dis. 1958;8:629-36. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(58)90054-7 
17. Calesnick B, Christensen JA, Munch JC. Antitussive action of L-propoxyphene in citric acid induced cough response. Am J Med Sci. 1961;242:560-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-196111000-00005 
18. Cohen MB. Respiratory and cough mechanisms in antitussive trials: responsivity of objective indices to treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Respiration. 1975;32:32-45. https://doi.org/10.1159/000193634 
19. Loudon RG, Brown LC. Cough frequency in patients with respiratory diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967;96:1137-43.
20. Reece CA, Cherry AC, Reece AT, Hatcher TB, Diehl AM. Tape recorder for evaluation of cough in children. Am J Dis Child. 1966;112:124-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1966.02090110068005 
21. Gravenstein JS, Devloo RA, Beecher HK. Effect of antitussive agents on experimental and pathophysiological cough in man. J Appl Physiol. 1954;7:119-39. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1954.7.2.119 
22. Sevelius H, Colmore JP. Objective assessment of antitussive agents in patients with chronic cough. J New Drugs. 1966;6:216-23.
23. Tiffenau F. The acetylcholine cough test. Dis Chest. 1957;31:404-22. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.31.4.404 
24. Bickerman HA, Cohen BM, German E, Itkin SE. The cough response of normal human subjects stimulated experimentally by citric acid aerosol: alterations produced by antitussive agents. Am J Med Sci. 1956;232:57-65. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-195607000-00010 
25. Bickerman HA, German E, Cohen BM, Itkin SE. The cough response of healthy human subjects stimulated by citric acid aerosol. Part II. Evaluation of antititussive agents. Am J Med Sci. 1957 Aug;234(2):191-206. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-195708000-00010 
26. Thomas J, Heurich AE, Shepherd DA, Sanzari NP. A system for the clinical assessment of the antitussive activity of caramiphen. Curr Ther Resp. 1974;10:1082-90.
27. Power JT, Stewart IC, Connaughton JJ, Brash HM, Shapiro CM, Flenley DC, et al. Nocturnal cough in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984 Dec;130(6):999-1001.
28. Cox ID, Wallis PJW, Apps MCP, Hughes DTD, Empey DW, Osman RCA, et al. An electromyographic method of objectively assessing cough intensity and use of the method to assess effects of codeine on the dose-response curve to citric acid. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;18:377-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02479.x 
29. Poundsford JC, Birch MJ, Saunders KB. Effect of bronchodilation on the cough response to inhaled citric acid in normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax. 1985;40:622-67. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.40.9.662 
30. Toop LJ, Dawson KP, Thorpe CW. A portable system for the spectral analysis of cough sounds in asthma. J Asthma. 1990;27(6):393-7. https://doi.org/10.3109/02770909009073356 
31. Провоторов В.М., Бильченко Л.И., Ромашов Б.Б. Особенности спектральной туссографии у больных бронхиальной астмой и сахарным диабетом. Пульмонология. 2000;2:56-62 [Provotorov VM, Bil'chenko LI, Romashov BB. Osobennosti spektral'noi tussografii u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi i sakharnym diabetom. Pul'monologiya. 2000;2:56-62 (In Russ.)].
32. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Belvisi MG, Birring SS, Chung KF, Dicpinigaitis PV, et al. ERS guidelines on the assessment of cough. Eur Respir J. 2007 Jun;29(6):1256-76. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00101006 
33. Barry SJ, Dane AD, Morice AH, Walmsley AD. The automatic recognition and counting of cough. Cough. 2006 Sep 28;2:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-2-8 
34. Coyle MA, Keenan DB, Henderson LS, Watkins ML, Haumann BK, Mayleben DW, et al. Evaluation of an ambulatory system for the quantification of cough frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cough. 2005;1:3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedu.2006.03.015 
35. Vizel E, Yigla M, Goryachev Y, Dekel E, Felis V, Levi H, et al. Validation of an ambulatory cough detection and counting application using voluntary cough under different conditions. Cough. 2010 May 27;6:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-6-3 
36. Barton A, Gaydecki P, Holt K, Smith JA. Data reduction for cough studies using distribution of audio frequency content. Cough. 2012;8:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-8-12 
37. Birring SS, Fleming T, Matos S, Raj AA, Evans DH, Pavord ID. The Leicester Cough Monitor: preliminary validation of an automated cough detection system in chronic cough. Eur Respir J. 2008 May;31(5):1013-18. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00057407 
38. Birring SS, Matos S, Patel RB, Prudon B, Evans DH, Pavord ID. Cough frequency, cough sensitivity and health status in patients with chronic cough. Respir Med. 2006 Jun;100(6):1105-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2005.09.023 
39. Marsden PA, Smith JA, Kelsall AA, Owen E, Naylor JR, Webster D, et al. A comparison of objective and subjective measures of cough in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Nov;122(5):903-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.029 
40. Smith J, Owen E, Earis J, Woodcock A. Cough in COPD: correlation of objective monitoring with cough challenge and subjective assessments. Chest. 2006 Aug;130(2):379-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(15)51851-5 
41. Decalmer SC, Webster D,  Kelsall AA,  McGuinness K,  Woodcock A,  Smith JA. Chronic cough: how do cough reflex sensitivity and subjective assessments correlate with objective cough counts during ambulatory monitoring? Thorax. 2007 Apr;62(4):329-34. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.067413 
42. Kelsall A, Houghton LA, Jones H, Decalmer S, McGuinness K, Smith JA. A novel approach to studying the relationship between subjective and objective measures of cough. Chest. 2011 Mar;139(3):569-75. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0438 
43. Lee KK, Savani A, Matos S, Evans DH, Pavord ID, Birring SS. Four-hour cough frequency monitoring in chronic cough. Chest. 2012 Nov;142(5):1237-43. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-3309 
44. Faruqi S, Thompson R, Wright C, Sheedy W, Morice AH. Quantifying chronic cough: objective versus subjective measurements. Respirology. 2011 Feb;16(2):314-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01893.x 
45. Key AL, Holt K, Hamilton A, Smith JA, Earis JE. Objective cough frequency in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cough. 2010;6:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-6-4 

________________________________________________

1. Madison JM, Irwin RS. Cough: a worldwide problem. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2010;43(1):1-13.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2009.11.001 
2. Morice AH, McGarvey L, Pavord I. British Thoracic Society Cough Guideline Group. Recommendations for the management of cough in adults. Thorax. 2006 Sep;61(Suppl 1):i1–i24. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/thorax.58.10.901 
3. Hallberg P, Nagy J, Karawajczyk M, Nordang L, Islander G, Norling P, et al. Comparison of clinical factors between patients with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema and cough. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Apr;51(4):293-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1060028016682251
4. Tanaka K, Akechi T, Okuyama T, Nishiwaki Y, Uchitomi Y. Factors correlated with dyspnea in advanced lung cancer patients: organic causes and what else? J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002 Jun;23(6):490-500. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0885-3924(02)00400-1
5. Woo-Jung Song, Yoon-Seok Chang, Shoaib Faruqi, Min-Koo Kang, Ju-Young Kim, Min-Gyu Kang et al. Defining Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Mar;8(2):146-55. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.146 
6. Kauffmann F, Varraso R. The epidemiology of cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;24(3):289-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2010.10.012 
7. Janson C, Chinn S , Jarvis D, Burney P. Determinants of cough in young adults participating in the European Community Respiratory Health. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:647-54. https://doi.org/10.1183/ 09031936.01.00098701 
8. Ford AC, Forman D, Moayyedi P, Morice AH. Cough in the community: a cross sectional survey and the relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms. Thorax. 2006 Nov;61(11):975-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.060087 
9. Ward N. The Leicester Cough Questionnaire. J Physiother. 2016 Jan;62(1):53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.05.011 
10. French CT, Irwin RS, Fletcher KE, Adams TM. Evaluation of a cough-specific quality-of-life questionnaire. Chest. 2002 Apr;121(4):1123-31. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.4.1123 
11. Spinou A, Birring SS. An update on measurement and monitoring of cough: what are the important study endpoints? J Thoracic Disease. 2014;6(Suppl 7):S728-S34. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.158 
12. Vernon M, Kline Leidy N, Nacson A, Nelsen L. Measuring cough severity: development and pilot testing of a new seven-item cough severity patient-reported outcome measure. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2010 Aug;4(4):199-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465810372526 
13. Hsu JY, Stone RA, Logan-Sinclair RB, Worsdell M, Busst CM, Chung KF. Coughing frequency in patients with persistent cough: assessment using a 24 hour ambulatory recorder. Eur Respir J. 1994 Jul;7(7):1246-53. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.94.07071246 
14. Prudon B, Birring SS, Vara DD, Hall АP, Thompson JP,  Pavord ID. Cough and glottic-stop reflex sensitivity in health and disease. Chest. 2005;127:550-7. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.127.2.550 
15. Hoglung NJ, Michaelson M. A method for determining the cough threshold with, some preliminary experiments on the effect of codeine. Acta Physiol Scand. 1950;21:168-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1950.tb00724.x 
16. Bickerman HA, Itkin SE. The effect of a new bronchodilator aerosol on the airflow dynamics of the maximal voluntary cough of patients with bronchial asthma and pulmonary emphysema. J Chron Dis. 1958;8:629-36. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(58)90054-7 
17. Calesnick B, Christensen JA, Munch JC. Antitussive action of L-propoxyphene in citric acid induced cough response. Am J Med Sci. 1961;242:560-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-196111000-00005 
18. Cohen MB. Respiratory and cough mechanisms in antitussive trials: responsivity of objective indices to treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Respiration. 1975;32:32-45. https://doi.org/10.1159/000193634 
19. Loudon RG, Brown LC. Cough frequency in patients with respiratory diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967;96:1137-43.
20. Reece CA, Cherry AC, Reece AT, Hatcher TB, Diehl AM. Tape recorder for evaluation of cough in children. Am J Dis Child. 1966;112:124-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1966.02090110068005 
21. Gravenstein JS, Devloo RA, Beecher HK. Effect of antitussive agents on experimental and pathophysiological cough in man. J Appl Physiol. 1954;7:119-39. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1954.7.2.119 
22. Sevelius H, Colmore JP. Objective assessment of antitussive agents in patients with chronic cough. J New Drugs. 1966;6:216-23.
23. Tiffenau F. The acetylcholine cough test. Dis Chest. 1957;31:404-22. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.31.4.404 
24. Bickerman HA, Cohen BM, German E, Itkin SE. The cough response of normal human subjects stimulated experimentally by citric acid aerosol: alterations produced by antitussive agents. Am J Med Sci. 1956;232:57-65. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-195607000-00010 
25. Bickerman HA, German E, Cohen BM, Itkin SE. The cough response of healthy human subjects stimulated by citric acid aerosol. Part II. Evaluation of antititussive agents. Am J Med Sci. 1957 Aug;234(2):191-206. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-195708000-00010 
26. Thomas J, Heurich AE, Shepherd DA, Sanzari NP. A system for the clinical assessment of the antitussive activity of caramiphen. Curr Ther Resp. 1974;10:1082-90.
27. Power JT, Stewart IC, Connaughton JJ, Brash HM, Shapiro CM, Flenley DC, et al. Nocturnal cough in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984 Dec;130(6):999-1001.
28. Cox ID, Wallis PJW, Apps MCP, Hughes DTD, Empey DW, Osman RCA, et al. An electromyographic method of objectively assessing cough intensity and use of the method to assess effects of codeine on the dose-response curve to citric acid. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;18:377-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02479.x 
29. Poundsford JC, Birch MJ, Saunders KB. Effect of bronchodilation on the cough response to inhaled citric acid in normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax. 1985;40:622-67. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.40.9.662 
30. Toop LJ, Dawson KP, Thorpe CW. A portable system for the spectral analysis of cough sounds in asthma. J Asthma. 1990;27(6):393-7. https://doi.org/10.3109/02770909009073356 
31. Provotorov VM, Bil'chenko LI, Romashov BB. Osobennosti spektral'noi tussografii u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi i sakharnym diabetom. Pul'monologiya. 2000;2:56-62 (In Russ.)
32. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Belvisi MG, Birring SS, Chung KF, Dicpinigaitis PV, et al. ERS guidelines on the assessment of cough. Eur Respir J. 2007 Jun;29(6):1256-76. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00101006 
33. Barry SJ, Dane AD, Morice AH, Walmsley AD. The automatic recognition and counting of cough. Cough. 2006 Sep 28;2:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-2-8 
34. Coyle MA, Keenan DB, Henderson LS, Watkins ML, Haumann BK, Mayleben DW, et al. Evaluation of an ambulatory system for the quantification of cough frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cough. 2005;1:3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedu.2006.03.015 
35. Vizel E, Yigla M, Goryachev Y, Dekel E, Felis V, Levi H, et al. Validation of an ambulatory cough detection and counting application using voluntary cough under different conditions. Cough. 2010 May 27;6:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-6-3 
36. Barton A, Gaydecki P, Holt K, Smith JA. Data reduction for cough studies using distribution of audio frequency content. Cough. 2012;8:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-8-12 
37. Birring SS, Fleming T, Matos S, Raj AA, Evans DH, Pavord ID. The Leicester Cough Monitor: preliminary validation of an automated cough detection system in chronic cough. Eur Respir J. 2008 May;31(5):1013-18. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00057407 
38. Birring SS, Matos S, Patel RB, Prudon B, Evans DH, Pavord ID. Cough frequency, cough sensitivity and health status in patients with chronic cough. Respir Med. 2006 Jun;100(6):1105-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2005.09.023 
39. Marsden PA, Smith JA, Kelsall AA, Owen E, Naylor JR, Webster D, et al. A comparison of objective and subjective measures of cough in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Nov;122(5):903-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.029 
40. Smith J, Owen E, Earis J, Woodcock A. Cough in COPD: correlation of objective monitoring with cough challenge and subjective assessments. Chest. 2006 Aug;130(2):379-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(15)51851-5 
41. Decalmer SC, Webster D,  Kelsall AA,  McGuinness K,  Woodcock A,  Smith JA. Chronic cough: how do cough reflex sensitivity and subjective assessments correlate with objective cough counts during ambulatory monitoring? Thorax. 2007 Apr;62(4):329-34. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.067413 
42. Kelsall A, Houghton LA, Jones H, Decalmer S, McGuinness K, Smith JA. A novel approach to studying the relationship between subjective and objective measures of cough. Chest. 2011 Mar;139(3):569-75. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0438 
43. Lee KK, Savani A, Matos S, Evans DH, Pavord ID, Birring SS. Four-hour cough frequency monitoring in chronic cough. Chest. 2012 Nov;142(5):1237-43. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-3309 
44. Faruqi S, Thompson R, Wright C, Sheedy W, Morice AH. Quantifying chronic cough: objective versus subjective measurements. Respirology. 2011 Feb;16(2):314-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01893.x 
45. Key AL, Holt K, Hamilton A, Smith JA, Earis JE. Objective cough frequency in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cough. 2010;6:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-6-4 

А.В. Будневский, Е.С. Овсянников, Я.С. Шкатова, Н.В. Резова

ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России, Воронеж, Россия

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A.V. Budnevskiy, E.S. Ovsyannikov, Y.S. Shkatova, N.V. Rezova 

N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia