Трудности диагностики наследственного гемохроматоза у больной с постгеморрагической анемией
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Podzolkov V.I., Pokrovskaya A.E., Vargina T.S., Oganesyan K.A. Diagnostic difficulties of primary hemochromatosis in a patient with posthemorrhagic anemia. Therapeutic Archive. 2019; 91 (4): 118–121. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.04.000170
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Ключевые слова: наследственный гемохроматоз, синдром перегрузки железом, цирроз печени, биопсия печени, реакция Перлса.
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Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a disease with an autosomal recessive hereditary type, stipulated by the genetic defect that leads to a high intestinal absorption of iron and primary accumulation in the parenchymal cells of the liver and other organs. This is the most common hereditary disease among White population, the frequency is about 1 case per 250 people. The prevalence of HH is inhomogeneous, people from countries in Northern Europe, especially Scandinavian, are more susceptible to this disease. Mutations of the HFE gene account for approximately 90% of HH cases. In HH excess iron deposits mainly in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells of various organs and tissues: in the liver, pancreas, endocrine glands, skin and joints. The clinical picture of HH is characterized by the classical triad development: cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperpigmentation. HH may also manifest itself as various endocrinopathies (hypofunction of hypophysis, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, arthropathy, cardiomyopathy). Diagnostics of HH is based on the determination of the iron metabolism values: serum iron, transferrin saturation, the amount of ferritin, the genetic tests, liver biopsy data are used to confirm the diagnosis. Despite the fact that HH is a well-studied disease, in some cases it is complicated to diagnose it. Developed posthemorrhagic anemia in a patient is one of such reasons when the iron metabolism test is not informative.
Key words: hereditary hemochromatosis, iron overload syndrome, cirrhosis of the liver, liver biopsy, Perls reaction.
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2. Podymova SD. Bolezni pecheni: Rukovodstvo [Liver Diseases: A Guide]. 4nd ed. Moscow: Meditsina; 2005. 768 p. (In Russ.).
3. Barton JC, Acton RT. Diabetes in HFE Hemochromatosis. J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017:Article ID 9826930, 16 p. doi: 10.1155/2017/9826930
4. Allen KJ, Gurrin LC, Costantine CC, et al. Iron-overload-related disease in HFE hereditary hemochromatosis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(3):221-30.
5. Shiff ER, Sorell MS, Medderei US; Ed. Mukhin NA. Alkogol'nye, lekarstvennye, geneticheskie i metabolicheskie zabolevaniya [Alcoholic, medicinal, genetic and metabolic diseases] (“Schiff's Diseases of Liver”). Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2011. 480 p. (In Russ.).
6. Savchenko VG, editor. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu vtorichnoi peregruzki zhelezom [Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of secondary iron overload. Moscow; 2014. 17 p. (In Russ.)].
7. Klyaritskaya IL, Maksimova EV. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with hemochromatosis. Krymskii Terapevticheskii Zhurnal. 2012;(2):41-6 (In Russ.).
8. Barton JC, Edwards CQ, Phatak PD, Britton RS, Bacon BR. Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders. Cambridge University Press. 2010. 368 p.
9. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for HFE Hemochromatosis. J Hepatol. 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.03.001
10. Полунина Т.Е., Маев И.В. Диагностика синдрома перегрузки железом. Экспериментальная клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2010;(5):61-8 [Polunina TE, Maev IV. Diagnosis of iron overload syndrome. Eksperimental'naya Klinicheskaya Gastroenterologiya. 2010;(5):61-8 (In Russ.)].
11. Bacon BR, Adams PC, Kowdley KV, Powell LW, Tavill AS. Diagnosis and Management of Hemochromatosis: 2011 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2011;54(1):328-43. doi: 10.1002/hep.24330
12. Muckenthaler MU. How mutant HFE causes hereditary hemochromatosis. Blood. 2014;124:1212-3. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-581744
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
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V.I. Podzolkov, A.E. Pokrovskaya, T.S. Vargina, K.A. Oganesyan
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia