Антитромботическая терапия ишемической болезни сердца: основы, проверенные временем
Антитромботическая терапия ишемической болезни сердца: основы, проверенные временем
Панченко Е.П. Антитромботическая терапия ишемической болезни сердца: основы, проверенные временем. Терапевтический архив. 2019; 91 (6): 19–24. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.06.000296
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Аннотация
История антитромботической терапии в кардиологии насчитывает почти 70 лет, и в ней несомненна значимость достижений советских ученых. Создание в МГУ Г.В. Андреенко отечественного тромболитика фибринолизина, его первое успешное применение у больных с инфарктом миокарда (ИМ), проведенное Е.И. Чазовым, а затем и другими отечественными исследователями, сыграли важнейшую роль в доказательстве необходимости скорейшего восстановления проходимости инфаркт-связанной артерии. Первое в мире внутрикоронарное введение тромболитика, проведенное Е.И. Чазовым вместе с сотрудниками Всесоюзного кардиологического центра, позволило верифицировать тромбоз как причину ИМ и наглядно продемонстрировать эффективность тромболитической терапии при ИМ. Одним из важнейших достижений отечественных исследователей 60-х годов прошлого века явилось понимание необходимости не только устранения тромба с помощью тромболитика, но и создания условий, препятствующих его рецидиву, с помощью парентерального введения гепарина с дальнейшим переходом на антагонисты витамина К. Этот вывод, по сути, является утверждением необходимости длительной антитромботической терапии у больных с ИБС, влияние которой на определяющие прогноз события было доказано значительно позже. За прошедшие 70 лет антитромботическая терапия при ИБС претерпела существенные изменения, этому способствовал несомненный прогресс в понимании механизмов развития и взаимосвязи атеросклероза и тромбоза. Тем не менее основные принципы антитромботической терапии, заложенные отечественной школой в 60-е годы прошлого столетия, сохранились.
Ключевые слова: инфаркт миокарда, антитромботическая терапия, российская кардиологическая школа.
Keywords: myocardial infarction, antithrombotic therapy, Russian cardiology school.
Ключевые слова: инфаркт миокарда, антитромботическая терапия, российская кардиологическая школа.
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Keywords: myocardial infarction, antithrombotic therapy, Russian cardiology school.
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2. Chazov EI, Andreenko GV. The first experience of thrombosis therapy with domestic fibrinolysin. Kardiologiya. 1962;(4):59-64 (In Russ.)
3. Panchenko VM. Clinical experience with fibrinolysin. Therapeutic Archive. 1964;(1):43-50 (In Russ.)
4. Mazur NA, Sapegina TS, Trubeckoj AV. On the vasodilating effect of fibrinolysin. Kardiologiya. 1965;(1):58 (In Russ.)
5. Yanushkevichus ZK, Bluzhas IN. Osnovnye polozheniya klinicheskogo primeneniya antikoagulyantov fibrinoliticheskikh sredstv [The main provisions of clinical use of anticoagulants fibrinolytic agents]. Kaunas: Shviesa, 1966 (In Russ.)
6. Gefter AI, Ponomareva AG, Zhdanov YuE. Treatment of fibrinolysin and heparin in patients with myocardial infarction and vascular thromboembolism. Abstracts of the 8th Congress of therapists of the Ukrainian SSR. Kiev, 1965. P. 65
7. Panchenko VM. Clinical experience with fibrinolysin. Vrachebnoe delo. 1966;(11):8 (In Russ.)
8. Panchenko VM. Svertyvayushchaya i protivosvertyvayushchaya sistema v patogeneze i lechenii vnutrisosudistykh trombozov [Coagulation and anticoagulation system in the pathogenesis and treatment of intravascular thrombosis] Moscow: Medicina, 1967 (In Russ.)
9. Mazur NA, Ruda MYa, Kac IA. Study of the effect of fibrinolytic drugs on experimental thrombosis. Kardiologiya. 1967;(7):67 (In Russ.)
10. Chazov EI. Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic therapy. In: Ostryj infarkt miokarda [Acute myocardial infarction]. Moscow, 1969 (In Russ.)
11. Chazov EI, Lakin KM. Antikoagulyanty i fibrinoliticheskie sredstva [Anticoagulants and fibrinolytic agents]. Moscow: Medicina, 1977 (In Russ.)
12. Chazov EI, Matveeva LS, Mazaev AV, Sargin KE, Sadovskaya GV, Ruda MYa. Intracoronary administration of fibrinolysin in acute myocardial infarction. Therapeutic Archive. 1976;48(4):8-1 (In Russ.)
13. DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske R, et al. Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural MI. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:897.
14. Rentrop KP, Blanke H, Karsch KR, et al. Intracoronary application of nitroglycerin and SK. Clin Cardiol. 1979;(1):354.
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16. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardica (GISSI): Long-term effects of intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: final report of the GISSI study. Lancet. 1987;(2):871.
17. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17, 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet. 1988;(2):349-60.
18. Lewis HD, Davis JW, Archibald DG, et al. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:396-403.
19. Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrasone, or both in unstable angina. Results of Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1369-75.
20. Théroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J, Latour JG, Joly P, Lévy G, Pelletier E, Juneau M, Stasiak J, deGuise P, et al. Aspirin, heparin, or both to treat acute unstable angina. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1105-11.
21. Risk of myocardial infarction and death during traetment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISK Group. Lancet. 1990;336:827-30.
22. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1329-39.
23. Effects of Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST-Segment Elevation. N Engl J Med. 2011;345:494-502. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010746
24. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA; Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE) Investigators. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet. 2001;328:527-33.
25. Borja J, García O, Donado E, Izquierdo I. Clopidogrel and metoprolol in myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2006 Mar 11;367(9513):811-2.
26. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M, Hochman JS, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lamas GA, Mullany CJ, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Sloan MA, Smith SC Jr, Alpert JS, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Gregoratos G, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Canadian Cardiovascular Society. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation. 2004 Aug 31;110(9):e82-292.
27. Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, Pocock SJ, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JG, Lagerqvist B, Wallentin L; FIR Collaboration. Long-term outcome of a routine versus selective invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome a meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun 1;55(22):2435-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.007
28. Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Normand SL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Holmes DR Jr, Krucoff MW, Hermiller J, Dauerman HL, Simon DI, Kandzari DE, Garratt KN, Lee DP, Pow TK, Ver Lee P, Rinaldi MJ, Massaro JM; DAPT Study Investigators. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 4;371(23):2155-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409312
29. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Steg PG, Storey RF, Jensen EC at al.: PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 7;372(19):1791-800. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1500857
30. Telford AM, Wilson C. Trial of heparin versus atenolol in prevention of myocardial infarction in intermediate coronary syndrome. Lancet. 1981 Jun 6;1(8232):1225-8.
31. RISC Group Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISC Group. Lancet. 1990;336:827-30.
32. Cohen M, Adams PC, Parry G, Xiong J, Chamberlain D, Wieczorek I, et al. Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin users. Primary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group. Circulation. 1994 Jan;89(1):81-8.
33. Kropacheva ES, Zemlyanskaya OA, Dobrovolsky AB, Panchenko EP. The efficacy of long-term warfarin therapy: the impact on the incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disorders and clinical predictors of developing such disorders (Results of a prospective 10-year follow-up study). Atherothrombosis Journal. 2017;(2):115-30 (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2307-1109-2017-2-115-130
34. Kropacheva ES, Zemlyanskaya OA, Panchenko EP, Dobrovolsky AB, Krivosheeva EN. Safety of long-term therapy with warfarin: hemorrhage frequency and clinical predictors (results of a prospective 15-year follow-up). Atherothrombosis Journal. 2017;(1):145-62 (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2307-1109-2017-1-28-32
35. Kropacheva ES, Borovkov NN, Vavilova TV, Vereina NK, Vorob'eva NA, Galkina IS, et al. Rapid warfarin saturation rates are a predictor of the prediction of excessive hypocoagulation. Modernization of the warfarin dose selection algorithm. Aterotromboz. 2015;(1):74-86 (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/ 2307-1109-2015-1-74-86
36. Major bleeding rates in atrial fibrillation patients on single, dual, or triple antithrombotic therapy. Results from a nationwide Danish Cohort study. Circulation. 2019;139:775-86. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036248
37. Cools F, Wollaert B, Vervoort G, et al. Treatment patterns in anticoagulant therapy in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in Belgium: results from the GARFIELD-AF registry. Acta Cardiologica? 2018 Oct 27:1-10. doi: 10.1080/00015385.2018/1494089
38. Panchenko E, Dobrovolsky A, Davletov K, et аl. D-dimer and fibrinolytic system in patients with various degrees of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 1995;16:38-42
39. Komarov AL, Shahmatova OO, Ilyushchenko TA, Dzhalilova GV, Deev AD, Panchenko EP. Factors determining prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease (based on the results of five-year prospective follow-up). Kardiologiya. 2012;(1):4-14 (In Russ.)
40. Rothberg MB, Selestin C, Fiore LD, et al. Warfarin plus aspirin after MI or the acute coronary syndrome: meta-analysis with estimates of risk and benefit. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143(4):241-50.
41. Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017Aug; Oct 5;377(14):1319-30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118
2. Чазов Е.И., Андреенко Г.В. Первый опыт терапии тромбоза отечественным фибринолизином. Кардиология. 1962;(4):59-64 [Chazov EI, Andreenko GV. The first experience of thrombosis therapy with domestic fibrinolysin. Kardiologiya. 1962;(4):59-64 (In Russ.)].
3. Панченко В.М. Опыт клинического применения фибринолизина. Терапевтический архив. 1964;(1):43-50 [Panchenko VM. Clinical experience with fibrinolysin. Therapeutic Archive. 1964;(1):43-50 (In Russ.)].
4. Мазур Н.А., Сапегина Т.С., Трубецкой А.В. О сосудорасширяющем действии фибринолизина. Кардиология. 1965;(1):58 [Mazur NA, Sapegina TS, Trubeckoj AV. On the vasodilating effect of fibrinolysin. Kardiologiya. 1965;(1):58 (In Russ.)].
5. Янушкевичус З.К., Блужас И.Н. Основные положения клинического применения антикоагулянтов фибринолитических средств. Каунас: Швиеса, 1966 [Yanushkevichus ZK, Bluzhas IN. Osnovnye polozheniya klinicheskogo primeneniya antikoagulyantov fibrinoliticheskikh sredstv [The main provisions of clinical use of anticoagulants fibrinolytic agents]. Kaunas: Shviesa, 1966 (In Russ.)].
6. Гефтер А.И., Пономарева А.Г., Жданов Ю.Е. Лечение фибринолизином и гепарином больных инфарктом миокарда и с сосудистыми тромбоэмболиями. Тезисы докладов 8-го съезда терапевтов Украинской ССР. Киев, 1965. С. 65 [Gefter AI, Ponomareva AG, Zhdanov YuE. Treatment of fibrinolysin and heparin in patients with myocardial infarction and vascular thromboembolism. Abstracts of the 8th Congress of therapists of the Ukrainian SSR. Kiev, 1965. P. 65].
7. Панченко В.М. Опыт клинического применения фибринолизина Врачебное дело. 1966;(11):8 [Panchenko VM. Clinical experience with fibrinolysin. Vrachebnoe delo. 1966;(11):8 (In Russ.)].
8. Панченко В.М. Свертывающая и противосвертывающая система в патогенезе и лечении внутрисосудистых тромбозов. М.: Медицина, 1967 [Panchenko VM. Svertyvayushchaya i protivosvertyvayushchaya sistema v patogeneze i lechenii vnutrisosudistykh trombozov [Coagulation and anticoagulation system in the pathogenesis and treatment of intravascular thrombosis]. Moscow: Medicina, 1967 (In Russ.)].
9. Мазур Н.А., Руда М.Я., Кац И.А., Овруцкий Я.С. Изучение действия фибринолитических препаратов на экспериментальный тромбоз. Кардиология. 1967;(7):67 [Mazur NA, Ruda MYa, Kac IA. Study of the effect of fibrinolytic drugs on experimental thrombosis. Kardiologiya. 1967;(7):67 (In Russ.)].
10. Чазов Е.И. Антикоагулянтная и фибринолитическая терапия. В кн.: Острый инфаркт миокарда. М., 1969 [Chazov EI. Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic therapy. In: Ostryj infarkt miokarda [Acute myocardial infarction]. Moscow, 1969 (In Russ.)].
11. Чазов Е.И., Лакин К.М. Антикоагулянты и фибринолитические средства. М.: Медицина, 1977 [Chazov EI, Lakin KM. Antikoagulyanty i fibrinoliticheskie sredstva [Anticoagulants and fibrinolytic agents]. Moscow: Medicina, 1977 (In Russ.)].
12. Чазов Е.И., Матвеева Л.С., Мазаев А.В., Саргин К.Е., Садовская Г.В., Руда М.Я. Внутрикоронарное введение фибринолизина при остром инфаркте миокарда. Терапевтический архив. 1976;48(4):8-19 [Chazov EI, Matveeva LS, Mazaev AV, Sargin KE, Sadovskaya GV, Ruda MYa. Intracoronary administration of fibrinolysin in acute myocardial infarction. Therapeutic Archive. 1976;48(4):8-1 (In Russ.)].
13. DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske R, et al. Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural MI. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:897.
14. Rentrop KP, Blanke H, Karsch KR, et al. Intracoronary application of nitroglycerin and SK. Clin Cardiol. 1979;(1):354.
15. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardica (GISSI): Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1986;(1):397-402.
16. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardica (GISSI): Long-term effects of intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: final report of the GISSI study. Lancet. 1987;(2):871.
17. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17, 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet. 1988;(2):349-60.
18. Lewis HD, Davis JW, Archibald DG, et al. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:396-403.
19. Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrasone, or both in unstable angina. Results of Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1369-75.
20. Théroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J, Latour JG, Joly P, Lévy G, Pelletier E, Juneau M, Stasiak J, deGuise P, et al. Aspirin, heparin, or both to treat acute unstable angina. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1105-11.
21. Risk of myocardial infarction and death during traetment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISK Group. Lancet. 1990;336:827-30.
22. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1329-39.
23. Effects of Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST-Segment Elevation. N Engl J Med. 2011;345:494-502. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010746
24. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA; Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE) Investigators. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet. 2001;328:527-33.
25. Borja J, García O, Donado E, Izquierdo I. Clopidogrel and metoprolol in myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2006 Mar 11;367(9513):811-2.
26. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M, Hochman JS, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lamas GA, Mullany CJ, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Sloan MA, Smith SC Jr, Alpert JS, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Gregoratos G, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Canadian Cardiovascular Society. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation. 2004 Aug 31;110(9):e82-292.
27. Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, Pocock SJ, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JG, Lagerqvist B, Wallentin L; FIR Collaboration. Long-term outcome of a routine versus selective invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome a meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun 1;55(22):2435-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.007
28. Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Normand SL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Holmes DR Jr, Krucoff MW, Hermiller J, Dauerman HL, Simon DI, Kandzari DE, Garratt KN, Lee DP, Pow TK, Ver Lee P, Rinaldi MJ, Massaro JM; DAPT Study Investigators. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 4;371(23):2155-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409312
29. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Steg PG, Storey RF, Jensen EC at al.: PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 7;372(19):1791-800. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1500857
30. Telford AM, Wilson C. Trial of heparin versus atenolol in prevention of myocardial infarction in intermediate coronary syndrome. Lancet. 1981 Jun 6;1(8232):1225-8.
31. RISC Group Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISC Group. Lancet. 1990;336:827-30.
32. Cohen M, Adams PC, Parry G, Xiong J, Chamberlain D, Wieczorek I, et al. Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin users. Primary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group. Circulation. 1994 Jan;89(1):81-8.
33. Кропачева Е.С., Землянская О.А., Добровольский А.Б., Панченко Е.П. Эффетивность длительной терапии варфарином: влияниена частоту ишемических нарушений мозгового кровообращения и клинические предикторы их развития (результаты проспективного 10-летнего наблюдения). Атеротромбоз. 2017;(2):115-30 [Kropacheva ES, Zemlyanskaya OA, Dobrovolsky AB, Panchenko EP. The efficacy of long-term warfarin therapy: the impact on the incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disorders and clinical predictors of developing such disorders (Results of a prospective 10-year follow-up study). Atherothrombosis Journal. 2017;(2):115-30 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.21518/2307-1109-2017-2-115-130
34. Кропачева Е.С., Землянская О.А., Панченко Е.П., Добровольский А.Б., Кривошеева Е.Н. Безопасность длительной терапии варфарином: частота кровотечений и клинические предикторы их развития (результаты проспективного 15-летнего наблюдения). Атеротромбоз. 2017;(1):145-62 [Kropacheva ES, Zemlyanskaya OA, Panchenko EP, Dobrovolsky AB, Krivosheeva EN. Safety of long-term therapy with warfarin: hemorrhage frequency and clinical predictors (results of a prospective 15-year follow-up). Atherothrombosis Journal. 2017;(1):145-62 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.21518/2307-1109-2017-1-28-32
35. Кропачева Е.С., Боровков Н.Н., Вавилова Т.В., Вереина Н.К., Воробьева Н.А., Галкина И.С. и др. Быстрые темпы насыщения варфарином – предиктор развития чрезмерной гипокоагуляции. Модернизация алгоритма подбора дозы варфарина. Атеротромбоз. 2015;(1):74-86 [Kropacheva ES, Borovkov NN, Vavilova TV, Vereina NK, Vorob'eva NA, Galkina IS, et al. Rapid warfarin saturation rates are a predictor of the prediction of excessive hypocoagulation. Modernization of the warfarin dose selection algorithm. Aterotromboz. 2015;(1):74-86 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.21518/ 2307-1109-2015-1-74-86
36. Major bleeding rates in atrial fibrillation patients on single, dual, or triple antithrombotic therapy. Results from a nationwide Danish Cohort study. Circulation. 2019;139:775-86. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036248
37. Cools F, Wollaert B, Vervoort G, et al. Treatment patterns in anticoagulant therapy in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in Belgium: results from the GARFIELD-AF registry. Acta Cardiologica? 2018 Oct 27:1-10. doi: 10.1080/00015385.2018/1494089
38. Panchenko E, Dobrovolsky A, Davletov K, et аl. D-dimer and fibrinolytic system in patients with various degrees of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 1995;16:38-42
39. Комаров А.Л., Шахматова О.О., Илющенко Т.А., Джалилова Г.В., Деев А.Д., Панченко Е.П. Факторы, определяющие прогноз у больных со стабильной формой ишемической болезни сердца (по результатам пятилетнего проспективного наблюдения). Кардиология. 2012;(1):4-14 [Komarov AL, Shahmatova OO, Ilyushchenko TA, Dzhalilova GV, Deev AD, Panchenko EP. Factors determining prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease (based on the results of five-year prospective follow-up). Kardiologiya. 2012;(1):4-14 (In Russ.)].
40. Rothberg MB, Selestin C, Fiore LD, et al. Warfarin plus aspirin after MI or the acute coronary syndrome: meta-analysis with estimates of risk and benefit. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143(4):241-50.
41. Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017Aug; Oct 5;377(14):1319-30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118
________________________________________________
2. Chazov EI, Andreenko GV. The first experience of thrombosis therapy with domestic fibrinolysin. Kardiologiya. 1962;(4):59-64 (In Russ.)
3. Panchenko VM. Clinical experience with fibrinolysin. Therapeutic Archive. 1964;(1):43-50 (In Russ.)
4. Mazur NA, Sapegina TS, Trubeckoj AV. On the vasodilating effect of fibrinolysin. Kardiologiya. 1965;(1):58 (In Russ.)
5. Yanushkevichus ZK, Bluzhas IN. Osnovnye polozheniya klinicheskogo primeneniya antikoagulyantov fibrinoliticheskikh sredstv [The main provisions of clinical use of anticoagulants fibrinolytic agents]. Kaunas: Shviesa, 1966 (In Russ.)
6. Gefter AI, Ponomareva AG, Zhdanov YuE. Treatment of fibrinolysin and heparin in patients with myocardial infarction and vascular thromboembolism. Abstracts of the 8th Congress of therapists of the Ukrainian SSR. Kiev, 1965. P. 65
7. Panchenko VM. Clinical experience with fibrinolysin. Vrachebnoe delo. 1966;(11):8 (In Russ.)
8. Panchenko VM. Svertyvayushchaya i protivosvertyvayushchaya sistema v patogeneze i lechenii vnutrisosudistykh trombozov [Coagulation and anticoagulation system in the pathogenesis and treatment of intravascular thrombosis] Moscow: Medicina, 1967 (In Russ.)
9. Mazur NA, Ruda MYa, Kac IA. Study of the effect of fibrinolytic drugs on experimental thrombosis. Kardiologiya. 1967;(7):67 (In Russ.)
10. Chazov EI. Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic therapy. In: Ostryj infarkt miokarda [Acute myocardial infarction]. Moscow, 1969 (In Russ.)
11. Chazov EI, Lakin KM. Antikoagulyanty i fibrinoliticheskie sredstva [Anticoagulants and fibrinolytic agents]. Moscow: Medicina, 1977 (In Russ.)
12. Chazov EI, Matveeva LS, Mazaev AV, Sargin KE, Sadovskaya GV, Ruda MYa. Intracoronary administration of fibrinolysin in acute myocardial infarction. Therapeutic Archive. 1976;48(4):8-1 (In Russ.)
13. DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske R, et al. Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural MI. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:897.
14. Rentrop KP, Blanke H, Karsch KR, et al. Intracoronary application of nitroglycerin and SK. Clin Cardiol. 1979;(1):354.
15. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardica (GISSI): Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1986;(1):397-402.
16. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardica (GISSI): Long-term effects of intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: final report of the GISSI study. Lancet. 1987;(2):871.
17. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17, 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet. 1988;(2):349-60.
18. Lewis HD, Davis JW, Archibald DG, et al. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:396-403.
19. Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrasone, or both in unstable angina. Results of Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1369-75.
20. Théroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J, Latour JG, Joly P, Lévy G, Pelletier E, Juneau M, Stasiak J, deGuise P, et al. Aspirin, heparin, or both to treat acute unstable angina. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1105-11.
21. Risk of myocardial infarction and death during traetment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISK Group. Lancet. 1990;336:827-30.
22. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1329-39.
23. Effects of Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST-Segment Elevation. N Engl J Med. 2011;345:494-502. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010746
24. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA; Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE) Investigators. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet. 2001;328:527-33.
25. Borja J, García O, Donado E, Izquierdo I. Clopidogrel and metoprolol in myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2006 Mar 11;367(9513):811-2.
26. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M, Hochman JS, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lamas GA, Mullany CJ, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Sloan MA, Smith SC Jr, Alpert JS, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Gregoratos G, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Canadian Cardiovascular Society. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation. 2004 Aug 31;110(9):e82-292.
27. Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, Pocock SJ, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JG, Lagerqvist B, Wallentin L; FIR Collaboration. Long-term outcome of a routine versus selective invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome a meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun 1;55(22):2435-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.007
28. Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Normand SL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Holmes DR Jr, Krucoff MW, Hermiller J, Dauerman HL, Simon DI, Kandzari DE, Garratt KN, Lee DP, Pow TK, Ver Lee P, Rinaldi MJ, Massaro JM; DAPT Study Investigators. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 4;371(23):2155-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409312
29. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Steg PG, Storey RF, Jensen EC at al.: PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 7;372(19):1791-800. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1500857
30. Telford AM, Wilson C. Trial of heparin versus atenolol in prevention of myocardial infarction in intermediate coronary syndrome. Lancet. 1981 Jun 6;1(8232):1225-8.
31. RISC Group Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISC Group. Lancet. 1990;336:827-30.
32. Cohen M, Adams PC, Parry G, Xiong J, Chamberlain D, Wieczorek I, et al. Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin users. Primary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group. Circulation. 1994 Jan;89(1):81-8.
33. Kropacheva ES, Zemlyanskaya OA, Dobrovolsky AB, Panchenko EP. The efficacy of long-term warfarin therapy: the impact on the incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disorders and clinical predictors of developing such disorders (Results of a prospective 10-year follow-up study). Atherothrombosis Journal. 2017;(2):115-30 (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2307-1109-2017-2-115-130
34. Kropacheva ES, Zemlyanskaya OA, Panchenko EP, Dobrovolsky AB, Krivosheeva EN. Safety of long-term therapy with warfarin: hemorrhage frequency and clinical predictors (results of a prospective 15-year follow-up). Atherothrombosis Journal. 2017;(1):145-62 (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2307-1109-2017-1-28-32
35. Kropacheva ES, Borovkov NN, Vavilova TV, Vereina NK, Vorob'eva NA, Galkina IS, et al. Rapid warfarin saturation rates are a predictor of the prediction of excessive hypocoagulation. Modernization of the warfarin dose selection algorithm. Aterotromboz. 2015;(1):74-86 (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/ 2307-1109-2015-1-74-86
36. Major bleeding rates in atrial fibrillation patients on single, dual, or triple antithrombotic therapy. Results from a nationwide Danish Cohort study. Circulation. 2019;139:775-86. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036248
37. Cools F, Wollaert B, Vervoort G, et al. Treatment patterns in anticoagulant therapy in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in Belgium: results from the GARFIELD-AF registry. Acta Cardiologica? 2018 Oct 27:1-10. doi: 10.1080/00015385.2018/1494089
38. Panchenko E, Dobrovolsky A, Davletov K, et аl. D-dimer and fibrinolytic system in patients with various degrees of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 1995;16:38-42
39. Komarov AL, Shahmatova OO, Ilyushchenko TA, Dzhalilova GV, Deev AD, Panchenko EP. Factors determining prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease (based on the results of five-year prospective follow-up). Kardiologiya. 2012;(1):4-14 (In Russ.)
40. Rothberg MB, Selestin C, Fiore LD, et al. Warfarin plus aspirin after MI or the acute coronary syndrome: meta-analysis with estimates of risk and benefit. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143(4):241-50.
41. Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017Aug; Oct 5;377(14):1319-30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118
Авторы
Е.П. Панченко
Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
Myasnikov Institute Cardiology National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
________________________________________________
Myasnikov Institute Cardiology National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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