Цель исследования. Оценить распространенность белково-энергетической недостаточности (БЭН) у пациентов, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом (ГД). Материалы и методы. Обследованы 645 пациентов, получающих лечение программным бикарбонатным ГД в течение 8,4±5,3 года, из них 345 женщин и 300 мужчин, средний возраст составил 56,8±12,8 года. Оценку нутриционного статуса выполняли с помощью метода, рекомендованного Минздравом России (МЗ РФ; учетная форма № 003/У), а также метода, предложенного International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). Характер изменения аппетита определяли опросником Appetite and diet assessment tool (ADAT) и KDQOL-SF (version 1.3). Оценку адекватности рациона проводили с помощью заполняемых пациентами в течение 3 дней пищевых дневников. Результаты и обсуждение. Снижение аппетита регистрировалось не более чем у 5% пациентов, при этом данные изменения носили стойкий, длительный характер. Неадекватное потребление основных нутриентов с учетом рекомендаций ERBP (European Renal Best Practice, 2007) встречалось у 9,7% пациентов, при этом чаще всего отмечалось недостаточное потребление белка. Распространенность БЭН по методу МЗ РФ составила 75,3%, по методу ISRNM – 24,8%. Статистически значимых различий между группами пациентов в зависимости от возраста и наличия БЭН по методу МЗ РФ (χ2=7,072; р=0,069) не получено. Схожие данные получены и для метода диагностики БЭН ISRNM. Выявлены статистически значимые различия между группами пациентов в зависимости от длительности ГД и наличия БЭН по методу МЗ РФ (χ2=22,580; р=0,0001). Распространенность БЭН по методу МЗ РФ возрастает с увеличением длительности ГД (Rs=0,184; р=0,0001). Схожие данные получены и для метода диагностики БЭН ISRNM. Заключение. Распространенность БЭН у пациентов, получающих лечение программным ГД, варьирует от 24,8 до 75,3% в зависимости от метода диагностики БЭН.
Aim. To assess the prevalence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) of haemodialysis patients (HD). Materials and methods. A total of 645 patients receiving treatment with programmatic bicarbonate HD for 8.4±5.3 years, including 345 women and 300 men, the average age was 56.8±12.8 years. Nutritional status was assessed using the method recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (MHRF) (accounting form № 003/U), as well as the method proposed by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). The nature of the change in appetite was determined by the Appetite and diet assessment tool (ADAT) and KDQOL-SF (version 1.3). Evaluation of the adequacy of the diet was performed using filled in patients for 3 days food diaries. Results and discussion. A decrease in appetite was recorded in no more than 5% of patients, while these changes were of a persistent, lasting nature. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients, taking into account the recommendations of the ERBP, was found in 9.7% of patients, while inadequate intake of protein was noted. The prevalence of PEW by the method of MHRF was 75.3%, by the method of ISRNM the prevalence of PEW was 51.2%. There were no statistically significant differences between the patient groups depending on age and the presence of PEW according to the MHRF method (χ2=7.072; p=0.069). Similar data were obtained for the method of diagnostics PEW ISRNM. Statistically significant differences between groups of patients were obtained depending on the duration of HD and the presence of PEW according to the MHRF method (χ2=22.580; r=0.0001). The prevalence of PEW by the MHRF method increases with increasing duration of HD (Rs=0.184; p=0.0001). Similar data were obtained for the method of diagnosis of PEW ISRNM. Conclusion. The prevalence of PEW in haemodialysis patients was 51.2% according to the ISRNM method and 75.3% according to the MHRF method.
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9. Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple J, et al. A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008;73(4):391-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002585
10. Kanazawa Y, Nakao T, Murai S, et al. Diagnosis and prevalence of protein-energy wasting and its association with mortality in Japanese haemodialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton). 2017;22(7):541-7. doi: 10.1111/nep.12814
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1. Al Ismaili F, Al Salmi I, Al Maimani Y, et al. Epidemiological Transition of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Oman. Kidney Int Rep. 2016;2(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.09.001
2. Tomilina NA, Andrusev AM, Peregudova NG, Shinkarev MB. Renal replacement therapy of terminal chronic renal failure in the Russian Federation in 2010–2015. Report on the data of the All-Russian Register of Replacement Renal Therapy of the Russian Dialysis Society, Part One. Nefrologiya i dializ = Nephrology and Dialysis. 2017;19(4 Suppl):1-94 (In Russ.) doi: 10.28996/1680-4422-2017-4suppl-1-95
3. Kang SS, Chang JW, Park Y. Nutritional Status Predicts 10-Year Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis. Nutrients. 2017;9(4): pii: E399. doi: 10.3390/nu9040399
4. Obi Y, Qader H, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Latest consensus and update on protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18(3):254-62. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000171
5. Perez Vogt B, Costa Teixeira Caramori J. Are Nutritional Composed Scoring Systems and Protein-Energy Wasting Score Associated With Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients? J Ren Nutr. 2016;26(3):183-9. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2015.11.003
6. Sabatino A, Regolisti G, Karupaiah T, et al. Protein-energy wasting and nutritional supplementation in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(3):663-71. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.007
7. Gracia-Iguacel C, González-Parra E, Barril-Cuadrado G, et al. Defining protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: prevalence and clinical implications. Nefrologia. 2014;34(4):507-19. doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Apr.12522
8. European best practice guidelines Guideline on Nutrition. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(Suppl 2):45-87.
9. Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple J, et al. A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008;73(4):391-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002585
10. Kanazawa Y, Nakao T, Murai S, et al. Diagnosis and prevalence of protein-energy wasting and its association with mortality in Japanese haemodialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton). 2017;22(7):541-7. doi: 10.1111/nep.12814
11. Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Cuppari L, et al. Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). J Ren Nutr. 2013;23(2):77-90. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.01.001
Авторы
А.А. Яковенко, А.Ш. Румянцев
ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
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A.A. Jakovenko, A.Sh. Rumyantsev
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia