Некоторые практические вопросы ведения больных с декомпенсированным циррозом печени
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Fedosina E.A., Byeverov A.O., Bogomolov P.O., Staroverova N.P. Some practical issues in the management of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Therapeutic Archive. 2019; 91 (8): 148–154. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.08.000391
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Ключевые слова: декомпенсированный цирроз печени, асцит, гепаторенальный синдром, спонтанный бактериальный перитонит, кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода, гипонатриемия разведения, бактериальные осложнения, диагностика, лечение.
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The natural course of cirrhosis is characterized by a shift from a compensated stage without clinical manifestations to a subsequent decompensated stage, which is characterized by the development of obvious clinical symptoms, the most frequent of which are ascites, bleeding from varicose veins, bacterial infections, encephalopathy. The articles and reviews of recent years emphasize the importance of etiotropic treatment of liver cirrhosis at any stage, including the final one. In addition, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy aimed at treating complications of cirrhosis of the liver: ascites, dilution hyponatremia, gastrointestinal bleeding, bacterial infections, and kidney damage comes to the forefront at the stage of decompensation, which allows the patient to be on the waiting list for liver transplantation. This category of patients, as a rule, is difficult to treat and has features and subtleties of reference.
Keywords: decompensated liver cirrhosis, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, bleeding from esophageal varices, hyponatremia of breeding, bacterial complications, diagnosis, treatment.
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1. D'Amico G, Morabito A, D’Amico M, Pasta L, Malizia G, Rebora P, Valsecchi MG. Clinical states of cirrhosis and competing risks. J Hepatol. 2018;68(3):563-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.020
2. D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: A systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol. 2006;44(1):217-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.10.013
3. Alvarez M, Cirera I, Solà R, Bargalló A, Morillas R, Planas R. Long-term Clinical Course of Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;45(10):906-11. doi: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182284e13
4. Abraldes J. Hemodynamic response to pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension and long-term prognosis of cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2003;37(4):902-8. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50133
5. Ginés P, Quintero E, Arroyo V, et al. Compensated cirrhosis: Natural history and prognostic factors. Hepatology. 1987;7(1):122-8. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840070124
6. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010;53(3):397-417. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.004
7. Santos J, Planas R, Pardo A, et al. Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. J Hepatol. 2003;39(2):187-92. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00188-0
8. Ginès P, Titó L, Arroyo V, et al. Randomized comparative study of therapeutic paracentesis with and without intravenous albumin in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1988;94(6):1493-502. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(88)90691-9
9. Solomon R, Werner C, Mann D, D'Elia J, Silva P. Effects of Saline, Mannitol, and Furosemide on Acute Decreases in Renal Function Induced by Radiocontrast Agents. New Engl J Med. 1994;331(21):1416-20. doi: 10.1056/nejm199411243312104
10. [Ivashkin VT, Mayevskaya MV, Pavlov ChC, et al. Treatment of liver cirrhosis complications: Clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and Russian gastroenterological association. Rossijskij Žurnal Gastroènterologii, Gepatologii, Koloproktologii. 2016;26(4):71-102 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-4-71-102
11. Fedosina E, Maevskaya M, Ivashkin V. Incidence of Dilutional Hyponatemia in Hospitalized Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2014;4:S51. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.02.103
12. Kim W, Biggins S, Kremers W, et al. Hyponatremia and Mortality among Patients on the Liver-Transplant Waiting List. New Engl J Med. 2008;359(10):1018-26. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa0801209
13. Rodrigues S. Baveno VI Recommendation on Avoidance of Screening Endoscopy in Cirrhotic Patients: Not Quite There Yet! GE – Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology. 2017;24(2):58-60. doi: 10.1159/000456092
14. Urrunaga N, Rockey D. Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy and Colopathy. Clin Liver Dis. 2014;18(2):389-406. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2014.01.008
15. Mookerjee R, Stadlbauer V, Lidder S, et al. Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts the outcome. Hepatology. 2007;46(3):831-40. doi: 10.1002/hep.21737
16. Jalan R, Fernandez J, Wiest R, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013. J Hepatol. 2014;60(6):1310-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.01.024
17. Fernández J, Bert F, Nicolas-Chanoine M. The challenges of multi-drug-resistance in hepatology. J Hepatol. 2016;65(5):1043-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.006
18. Wiest R, Lawson M, Geuking M. Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2014;60(1):197-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.044
19. Rodríguez-Roisin R, Krowka M. Hepatopulmonary Syndrome – A Liver-Induced Lung Vascular Disorder. New Engl J Med. 2008;358(22):2378-87. doi: 10.1056/nejmra0707185
20. [Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: current state of the problem. Therapeutic Archive. 2014;86(4):108-16 (In Russ.)].
1 ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского», Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет), Москва, Россия;
3 ФГОБУ ВО «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации», Москва, Россия
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E.A. Fedosina 1, A.O. Byeverov 1, P.O. Bogomolov 1, N.P. Staroverova 2
1 Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
3 Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia